1.

About Torusim in General

1. The definition of tourism

Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for leisure, business or other purposes for not more than one consecutive year.It
is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt constantly to
customers' changing needs and desires, as the customer’s satisfaction, safety and enjoyment
are particularly the focus of tourism businesses.

2. Types and forms of tourism

The types of tourism presented in a given period are generated by the needs of its objectives,
the level of cultural and social facilities and the existing means of transport.
In general, one may distinguish six types of tourism:
- Relaxing tourism;
- Relaxing and health care tourism;
- Visiting tourism;
- Transit tourism;
- Reduced distance tourism;
- Professional tourism.
The forms of tourism represent the way to conduct the tourism depending on the causes and
the external influences.
1) The criteria of the initial area and the destination:
a) Domestic tourism;
b) International Tourism

2) The criterion number of participants:

a) Individual tourism;
b) Group tourism.

3) Organizational criterion:
a) Organized tourism;
b) Unorganized tourism;
c) Semi-organized tourism.

4) Criterion Season:
a) Continuous tourism;
b) Discontinuous tourism.

5) Temporal Criterion:
a) Tourism for a very long period of time;
b) Tourism of long duration;
c) Tourism of reduced duration

6) The criteria of transportation vehicles:

a) Tourism by train;
b) Tourism by auto;
c) Marine tourism;
d) Air tourism;
e) Other forms of tourism (cycling, walking, etc.).

7) Social criterion:
a) Private tourism;
b) Social tourism

8) Criterion of the age and occupation of the tourist:

a) Youth Tourism;
b) Specific to adults tourism;
c) Specific for older generation tourism

9) The criterion for the type of destination:

a) Mountain tourism;
b) Season tourism;
c) Other
 3. The benefits of tourism

The key benefits of tourism are economic, socio-cultural and environmental.

Economic benefits - Tourism can provide direct jobs to the community, such as tour guides or
hotel housekeeping. Infrastructure development can aid economic development by allowing
more trade and better flow of goods and services.

Social benefits - Tourism can bring about a real sense of pride and identity to communities.
By showcasing distinct characteristics of their ways of life, history and culture, tourism can
encourage the preservation of traditions which may be at risk.

Environmental benefits - Tourism provides financial support for the conservation of

ecosystems and natural resource management, making the destination more authentic and
desirable to visitors. It also adds more value to the local tourism business.

4. The negative effects of tourism

Many of the negative impacts from tourism occur when the amount of visitors is greater than
the environment's ability to cope with the visitor volume.

Some of the consequences strain on already scarce resources such as water, energy, food and
natural habitat areas. In addition, it may lead to soil erosion, increased pollution and waste,
discharges into the sea and waterways, increased pressure on endangered species of animals
and plants, and heightened vulnerability to deforestation, as well as loss of biodiversity.

Mass tourism may erode traditional values by introducing foreign elements which are in
conflict with the cultural, historical, and religious heritage of the community.
 5. Tourism in the 20th century

The development of tourism industry in the 20th century was influenced by several changes,
technological changes and socio-cultural changes Speaking about technological changes, it is
primarily necessary to focus on the change of transportation system of the modern world. In
the early 20th century, the most advanced means of transportation were trains, while the
railroad system was well-developed only in Europe and North America. In the middle of the
20th century, the aviation was booming and air flights became very popular and available to
large number of people. Other important technological changes emerged in the second half of
the 20th century and they were related to the development of telecommunication and
information technologies. In fact, new telecommunication and information technologies have
changed tourism industry. Due to these technologies, tourism outgrew into mass industry,
while in the past it was rather exotic.

At the socio-cultural level, the world tends to grow homogeneous. In the past, especially in
the first half of the 20th century, the world was extremely diverse culturally and each country
was the unique destination for tourists. In the mid-20th century, the world became bi-polar
when two super-powers, the USA and the USSR, divided the world into two distinct parts. By
the end of the 20th century, the world has changed dramatically after the end of the Cold War.
The elimination of physical barriers to traveling and the fast development of economic
globalization stimulated the growth of economic cooperation and development of tourism
industry.

6. Environment protection and tourism sustainable tourism

Countries and regions where the economy is driven by the tourism industry are becoming
increasingly concerned with the environmental, as well as the socio-cultural problems
associated with unsustainable tourism. As a result, there is now increasing agreement on the
need to promote sustainable tourism development to minimize its environmental impacts and
to ensure more sustainable management of natural resources. the main policy areas regarding
sustainable tourism are:

(a) the promotion of national strategies for sustainable tourism development, including the
decentralization of environmental management to regional and local levels,

(b) the use of both regulatory mechanisms and economic instruments,

(c) the support for voluntary initiatives by the industry itself, and

(d) the promotion of sustainable tourism at the international level.

7. Tourism-related infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure involves a method of transporting, maintaining or preserving natural

resources; construction in the natural environment; and the provision of legal services,
recreational facilities and basic infrastructure such as gas, water and sewage. Development
and provision of tourism infrastructure is seen as a pre-requisite to become a popular tourist
destination. Infrastructure plays an important role in the tourism industry of an urban area as it
affects the level of tourist satisfaction; and adequate and good condition of infrastructure will
reduce the number of negative response received from tourists.

8. International and national organizations in tourism

UNWTO: The United Nations World Tourism Organization is responsible for the promotion
of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is the leading international
organization in the field of tourism, which promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth,
inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to
the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide

Hungarian National Tourist Office: is the national marketing organization of tourism which
has a single shareholder, the Prime Minister's Office. The main objective of the Hungarian
National Tourist Office is promoting Hungary's tourism attractions and services and thereby
contributing to the development of domestic and international tourism.