JULES NIKKO S.

DE LA CRUZ

Experiment No. 1 Filtered Power Supply

Number of hours
Required for
Completion: 3 Hours Date Due: July 15, 2019

Date Started July 10, 2019 Date Completed: July 12, 2019

1. Introduction

The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and
then voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a steady dc voltage is
obtained by rectifying the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc level and, finally,
regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The regulation is usually obtained
from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and provides a
somewhat lower dc voltage, which remains the same even if the input dc voltage
varies or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes.

2. Pre-lab Preparation

The students must answer the questions listed below. The instructor is to
review the answers before beginning the task

1. What type of input needed for the operation of the power supply?
- AC Source
2. What is a step down transformer?
- A step down transformer is a one whose secondary voltage is
less than its primary voltage. It is designed to reduce the voltage
from the primary winding to the secondary winding.
3. What is rectification?
- Rectification is the process of converting AC (Alternating
Current) to DC (Direct Current)
4. What is a full wave rectification?
- Full wave rectification is the process of producing an output
voltage or current which is purely DC.
5. What is a filter?
- It is used to increase the the average DC output level as
capacitor acts like a storage device which is used to improve the
output.
-
3. Specific Objectives

▪ To observe the rectified and dc waveform of the

output voltage of a power supply
▪ To calculate the peak and dc voltage of the output
of the power supply.
3. Equipment and Materials
1. Function Generator
2. Oscilloscope
3. Multi-meters
4. 4 silicon diode: 1N4001 (or equivalent)
5. 3 resistors: 220 ohms, 1 kilo-ohms, 10 kilo-ohms
6. 2 capacitors: 1 microfarad and 470 micro farad (25- V rating or better)

5. Procedure
1. Connect the circuit of Figure A, Set the input voltage to 12.6V, 60Hz using
Rsurge= 0, C=0 and RL = 10 kilo-ohms
2. Measure and record the dc load voltage. With a dc-coupled oscilloscope,
look at the voltage waveform across the load resistor. Sketch or take a picture
of the waveform, indicating levels.
3. Use C= 1 microfarad. Measure and record the dc load voltage. Sketch or
take a picture of the load- voltage waveform.
4. Change C to 470 microfarad. Measure and record the dc load voltage.
Sketch or take a picture of the waveform.
5. Switch the oscilloscope from dc input to ac input. Increase the sensitivity
until you can see the ripple. Record the peak-to-peak ripple voltage.
6. Use Rsurge= 22o ohms and C= 1 microfarad. Measure and record the dc
load voltage. With a dc-coupled oscilloscope, look at the load voltage. Sketch
or take a picture of the waveform.
7. Change RL to 1 kilo-ohm. Measure and record the dc load voltage. Sketch
or take a picture of the load-voltage waveform.

5. Circuit Diagram

7. Data Sheet

Rsurge = 0 and RL = 10 kilo-ohms

Vdc for step 2 10.315 V
Vdc for step 3 13.784 V
Vdc for step 4 16.402 V
Vripple (pp) ________________

Rsurge = 220 kilo-ohms and C = 1 microfarad

Vdc for step 6 13.387 V
Vdc for step 7 8.494 V
WAVEFORMS:

STEP 2 STEP 3

STEP 4 STEP 5

STEP 6 STEP 7
8. Questions
1. What is the purpose of Rsurge?
- Rsurge is used to control the current entering in low pass filter.
Low pass filters are used to remove the ripple remaining after
the reservoir capacitor. The resistance must be low in value as
the entire load current, must be several current must pas
through it. Including low pass filter sole voltage is lost across the
resistor, but this disadvantage is offset by better ripple
performance than by using a capacitor alone.

2. State the function of a full-wave bridge rectifier. How does it work?

(Elaborate)
- Full wave bridge rectifier produces an output voltage or current
which is purely DC or has some specified DC components.The
four diodes labeled as D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs”
with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle.
During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2
conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse
biased and the current flows through the load. During the
negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in
series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now
reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the same
direction as before.

3. Compare the output of the rectifier without filtering and the output after
filtering.
- Smaller DC output and less ripple.
ANALYSIS

The output of the full wave rectifier has lesser ripple than that of the half
wave rectifier producing a relatively smoother output waveform. Theoritically, full
wave rectifier has lesser ripple factor than half wave. Full wave rectifies has 48%
ripple factor compared to half wave rectifier which is 121% which makes it more ideal
to be used. A filter circuit was also used. A filter circuit also known as a smoothing
capacitor is added to the rectifier circuit to improve the output. Smoothing capacitors
are connected in parallel with the load across the output of the full wave bridge
rectifier. This filter circuit increases the average DC output level as the capacitor acts
like a storage device. The smoothing capacitor converts the rippled output of the
rectifier into a smoother DC output.

CONCLUSION

During the conversion of the AC to DC in a power supply, the resulting

output DC pulsates in rhythm with the mains supply frequency which is 60 hz. The
ripple contributes to constantly varying voltages at the output of the rectifier which
appears as a pulsating voltage rising from zero to a maximum and back to minimum.
The ripple voltage is unsuitable for most sensitive electronics equipment and current
from the ripple voltage may cause heating and damage of capacitors over time. The
magnitude of the ripple is dependent of many factors and the lower the better for
most sensitive equipment. The ripple leads to power losses and overheating of
components hence risk of damage in addition to inefficiency. It is therefore essential
to remove or minimize the ripple in at the output. This is done using filter circuits.

JULES NIKKO S. DE LA CRUZ