Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract
Students become responsible on their own They serve as facilitators in the process and in the
learning by giving them the chance to explore and be delivery of curriculum and instruction. They are also
engaged in their own learning process. With this, the the key to guide, prepare and equip the students with
study investigated and analyzed the impact of the skills to face the real world. Learner-centered
learner-centered teaching in English classes on teaching should be integrated and sustained in the
students’ learning skills and strategies in relation to faculty development program for teachers to be
the extent of implementation of learner-centered updated on the current learner-centered teaching
teaching in the classroom. strategies and techniques so that students are
The study was conducted to all English teachers engaged in meaningful activities from which they
and select First Year to Fourth Year high school develop their knowledge and skills for life-long
students. There were 10 teachers and 900 students learning.
considered as respondents of this study. There were It is in this light that the objective of this study is
three visitations conducted for each teacher with a to determine the impact of learner-centered teaching
total of 30 classroom observations. The researcher on the students’ learning skills and strategies in the
and the Vice Principal for Academics observed the English classes from first year to fourth year levels.
classes using the learner-centered teaching checklist.
The students also rated their respective teachers on 2. Theoretical Framework
their observation of the level of learner-centered
teaching implemented in the classroom. This study is anchored on the constructivism and
Using regression analysis, it was found out that experiential learning theories. Moreover, the
there was an impact on learner-centered teaching to principles of learner-centered teaching served as the
students’ learning skills and strategies which was framework of this paper.
highly significant. This implies that the more
learner-centered the teacher is the more learning 2.1. Constructivism
skills and strategies are developed among the
students. This leads to the enhancement and Constructivism learning theory states that human
reinforcement of some areas to be improved using beings produce or construct meaning, understanding
Bekele and Melesse’s framework on student-centered and knowledge of the world from their own
approach in teaching students [1]. experiences. The benefits of this approach make
learning more engaging rather than merely
1. Introduction transferring of information [6]. Moreover, this theory
explains how students construct meaning by linking
To become competent, students should be existing knowledge with new information. Unlike in
equipped with the appropriate skills to deal with the the past, it is believed that it is solely the teacher who
different challenges that they may encounter inside has the body of knowledge. Nowadays, active
and outside the classroom. In this light, learner- interaction between the learner and the teacher as
centered teaching serves as an approach allowing well as with their peers is highly encouraged. There
students to become responsible for their own is a good exchange of information allowing the
learning by giving them opportunities to explore and students to discover, explore and experience skills
be engaged in their own learning process. and strategies in learning. Thus, learner-centered
To be engaged in learning, students will be given teaching allows the students to be engaged in their
the chance to become active participants in the own learning process by developing their learning
learning process by providing them with the avenues and skills and strategies as part of life-ling learning.
to become responsible learners equipped for college
work, in their future careers and undertakings in life. 2.2. Experiential Learning Theory
The classroom serves is a venue for students’
academic growth. Consequently, teachers play a vital In like manner, Kolb’s experiential learning
role in the formation and learning of the students. theory defines learning as "the process whereby
knowledge is created through the transformation of variety of instructional materials and technology and
experience, and knowledge results from the a variety of strategies to make the teaching-learning
combination of grasping and transforming effective. With this, students gain knowledge and
experience." It presents a cyclical model of learning, skills which they can apply in varied contexts and
consisting of four stages. In facilitating the class, the situations. With this, students can become more
teacher may begin at any stage, namely, concrete responsible for their learning.
experience (or “do”), reflective observation (or Pintrich et al. [5] manual served as a guide to
“observe”), abstract conceptualization (or “think”), construct the researcher-made questionnaire on
and active experimentation (or “plan”) [6]. In this learning skills and strategies. This instrument was
case, students do active learning by doing. It allows used to evaluate students’ level on their learning
students to put into action or practice what they have skills, collaborative learning, and study skills
learned in the classroom. It also provides through learner-centered teaching.
opportunities for students to develop their own
learning and skills and strategies. 4. Methodology
2.3. Learner-Centered Teaching Principles This study was conducted to all English teachers
and select First Year to Fourth Year high school
In addition, the paper’s framework is also students. It made use of purposive sampling. There
anchored on the Learner-Centered Teaching were 10 teachers and 900 students considered as
Principles [2]. The following principles served as a respondents of this study.
guide in this paper: Principle 1: The nature of the There were three visitations conducted for each
learning process is most effective when it is an teacher with a total of 30 classroom observations.
intentional process of constructing meaning from The researcher and the Vice Principal for Academics
information and experience and Principle 3: observed the classes using the learner-centered
Construction of knowledge wherein the successful teaching checklist. It is composed of 42 indicators
learner can link new information with existing based on Bekele and Melesse’s [1] study. It made
knowledge in meaningful ways [4]. use of the Likert scale highly evident, evident, less
In the delivery of instruction for a learner- evident and not evident. This instrument was used to
centered approach, it helps students to construct assess the learner-centered teaching practices in the
meaning if they themselves experience it. This is classroom.
aligned to the constructivism and experiential The students also rated their respective English
learning theories wherein students are given the teachers of their observations on the extent of
chance to be engaged in their own learning process. learner-centered teaching implemented in the
In addition, it is vital for the students to link their classroom. The instrument was pilot tested for
prior knowledge to relate to the new concepts and reliability and validity. It has 15 indicators that
ideas presented in class. In this manner, learning is contained the learner-centered checklist patterned
real and tangible among the students. after the classroom observation instrument.
With the extent of learner-centered teaching
3. Conceptual Framework implemented in the classroom, the study would also
like to determine if this approach helped students in
This study made use of Bekele and Melesse’s [1] developing their own learning skills and strategies.
study wherein the principles of learner-centered are Hence, the researcher-made questionnaire adapted
espoused. The following framework was set for the from Pintrich et al. [5] was used for this purpose. It is
investigation which was also used in this paper. The composed of 15 indicators which was also pilot
extent of learner-centered teaching was determined tested for reliability and validity. It also made use of
through the following: (A) Using students’ prior and the Likert scale where students assessed and rated
existing knowledge, (B) Encouraging students to themselves whether they very much practiced,
generate explanations and alternative interpretations practiced, somewhat practiced or not practiced the
(C) Using discussion and thought-provoking skill or strategy indicated in the research instrument.
questions, (D) Using instructional materials and In this regard, it was used to evaluate students’ level
activities, (E) Providing a learning environment on intrinsic goal orientation, cognitive and
conducive for discussion/group work, and (F) metacognitive skills and strategies, and resource
Providing opportunities for learners to utilize new management skills and strategies.
ideas and to process information.
With regard to learning skills and strategies, it is 5. The Results of the Study
important that students know how to learn. Thus, the
focus of learner-centered learning environment is The study investigated and analyzed the impact of
that teachers serve as the facilitators of learning. For learner-centered teaching in English classes on
instance, the teaching-learning processes use a students’ learning skills and strategies in relation to
This implies that students were able to develop some adapt the skills and strategies for them to become
learning skills and strategies in the extent of responsible learners.
implementation of learner-centered teaching in the In this light, teachers are challenged to become
classroom. This includes making use of the resources more learner-centered in their delivery of the
available for them, exerting some effort to learn the curriculum and instruction. It was shown in the
lesson, balancing academics and involvement with survey on the learning skills and strategies that only
clubs, and the like. a very few have achieved very much practiced or
On the other hand, many students also rated very good rating as evaluated by the students
themselves only as fair in some areas such as making themselves. This implies that there is still a room of
graphic organizers like charts or diagrams, creating improvement to integrate more learner-centered
one’s own ideas and examples to be prepared for teaching approach in the classroom. It is important
class, reading ahead of time and the like. This that students will develop their learning skills and
challenges the teachers to make students practice strategies because these are life-long learning skills
these learning skills and strategies that they may use that they can use not only in college but in their
in their daily tasks. To illustrate, students may use future endeavors in life.
the Venn diagram in giving comparison and contrasts
as a graphic organizer. In this way, students may see 6. Conclusion and Recommendation
relationships on the given topic. Thus, providing
them more opportunities will help them to enrich The way teachers teach creates impact on the
their learning skills and strategies. development of child’s learning. In one way or
another, the teaching approaches and strategies of the
Table 4. Regression model showing the teachers influence the students’ learning skills and
impact of learner-centered teaching strategies. Thus, the teacher is encouraged to become
with learning skills and strategies more learner-centered in his or her teaching.
Making the students master their learning skills
Ind Var Dep Reg Reg Mul Adj F
Value
and strategies should be implemented in the
(x) Var Model Coe R R
(y) classroom learning. With this, they can be taught
Learner- Learning ŷ=1.8366 0.32 0.58 0.3 9.13 how to learn on their own. For instance, if teachers
Centered Skills and + 15 364 HS have organization skills in the preparation and
Teaching Strategies 0.3215x
delivery of instruction, students are more likely able
Table 4 shows the regression model on the impact to develop this skill. When teachers use more of
of learner-centered teaching with learning skills and learner-centered teaching in class, the learning skills
strategies. The effect of learner-centered teaching on and strategies of students develop or increase
significantly because teachers can provide more
the students’ learning outcomes was highly
significant. Thus, there was a high impact of learner- opportunities for the enhancement of the learning
centered teaching to the learning skills and strategies skills and strategies of the students.
of the students. This means that the more learner- Hence, the learner-centered approach is just apt
centered teaching skills implemented in the delivery for students to make them learn by doing. It is very
of curriculum and instruction the more learning skills important that students are engaged and involved in
their learning process so that they can adapt the skills
and strategies will be developed. This implies that
the learner-centered strategies of the teachers have an and strategies for them to become responsible
impact on the development of the learning skills and learners. It is important that students will develop
strategies of the students. their learning skills and strategies because these are
The way teachers teach creates impact on the life-long learning skills that they can use not only for
higher learning but in their future endeavors in life.
development of child’s learning. In one way or
another, the teaching approaches and strategies of the
teachers influence the students’ learning skills and 7. Acknowledgements
strategies. For instance, if teachers are organized
when they teach, students are able to develop this The authors would like to extend their deepest
skill. When teachers use more of learner-centered gratitude to the students and teachers who
teaching in class, the learning skills and strategies of participated in this study. They would also like to
students develop or increase significantly because express their appreciation to Mindanao University of
teachers serve as models in the learning process of Science and Technology for its generosity in
the students. Hence, the learner-centered approach is supporting the researchers in this endeavor.
just apt for students to make them learn by doing. It
is very important that students are engaged and
involved in their learning process so that they can
8. References
[1] A. Bekele and K. Melesse, “Enactment of Student-
Centered Approach in Teaching Mathematics and Natural
Sciences: The Case of Selected General Secondary
Schools in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia”, Ethiopian Journal of
Education and Sciences (Vol. 5 No. 2), March 2010, pp.
29-50, http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejesc/article/view
65367.