 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,

City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

FIRST AID AND WATER SAFETY

“Types of burns, Classification, Misconception
and its Treatment ”

Submitted by:
Delos Reyes, Chris Oliver A.

Herno, Martin M.

Silverio, Jubille A.

Section:

BS Crim 2-Delta

Date of Submission:

August 29, 2019

Submitted to:

Instructor/ Fr. Daniel Ybañez

  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,
City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

TYPES OF BURNS
The risk of sustaining a burn is all around you — at home, in the workplace,
and out in public.

That’s why it’s critical to understand the different types of burns, and when
it’s time to seek medical attention.

Thermal Burns
Thermal burns occur when you come in contact with something hot. Typically, you will
suffer a thermal burn when you touch:

 Flames or fire
 Hot, molten liquid or steam (referred to as a scald)
 Hot objects, such as cooking pans, irons, or heated appliances.

Treatment for thermal burns depends on the location and severity of the burn. For
moderate to severe burns, you should immediately call 911. Then take these steps:

 Put out any fire or flames and stop contact with the hot or heated source.
 Use cold water to cool the burned area. Do not use ice, as it may further damage the skin.
 For mild burns, you can find pain relief by applying a cool, wet compress and/or taking
acetaminophen or ibuprofen as directed on the bottle. Later, burn creams and ointments can help
these burns heal.
 For more severe burns, loosely apply a sterile bandage or clean cloth to the burned area. Do not
remove parts of your skin or pop blisters. Seek medical attention for further treatment.

Chemical Burns
You may receive a chemical burn if your skin and/or eyes come in contact with a harsh
irritant, such as acid. Substances that cause chemical burns include:

 Chlorine
 Ammonia
 Bleach
 Battery acid
  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,
City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

 Strong or harsh cleaners

 Take these steps if you have been burned by a chemical: Rinse the burned area under running
water for at least 10 minutes. If the chemical has entered your eye, rinse your

eye for about 20 minutes to remove traces of the chemical. Then, call 911 or go to the
hospital if the burn is:

 Larger than three inches

 On your face, hands, feet, groin, or buttocks
 Still very painful after taking over-the-counter pain medication
 On a major joint, like the knee

Medical treatment for both thermal burns and chemical burns is similar and may include:

 Wound cleaning and removing dead skin or tissue

 IV fluids to regulate body temperature and speed healing
 Antibiotics to prevent or fight infection
 Skin grafting (covering the wound with healthy skin from another area of the body to close the
wound)

Electrical Burns
Electrical burns happen when the body comes in contact with an electric current. Our
internal systems are not resistant to electricity, so you may be injured if a strong jolt enters
your body.

The most common cause of electrical burn is coming in contact with an extension cord
where the insulation material has worn away. Low-voltage electrical burns can also occur
in the mouth, most commonly when young children place noninsulated cords in their
mouth.

A burn may appear on your skin if an electric current runs through your body. These burns
can be treated like a thermal or chemical burn. However, if you come in contact with an
electric current, you should seek emergency medical attention immediately. Electricity can
affect internal tissues and muscles and have long-term, negative effects on your health.
  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,
City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

Friction Burns
A friction burn can occur when skin repeatedly rubs against another surface or is scraped
against a hard surface. Like other burns, friction burns are categorized into degrees.

Many friction burns are first degree and often heal on their own within three to six days.
You can use moisturizing cream at home to care for it. For more serious friction burns, you
should seek medical care immediately.

Radiation Burns
Cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy may suffer from an injury known as
radiation burn.

High-energy radiation is used to shrink or kill cancerous cells, and when it passes through
the body, skin cells may be damaged. If you’re frequently receiving radiation treatments,
your skin cells may not have enough time to regenerate, and sores or ulcers may develop.

The term “burn” is a misnomer for these wounds, because skin has not actually been
burned. However, the wounds can look and feel like burns.

Skin must regenerate for the wounds to heal, which can take two to four weeks for mild
skin reactions or a few months for more serious reactions.

Care for radiation burns includes:

 Cleaning and moisturizing wounds

 Avoiding sunlight
 Wearing loose clothing or bandages over the wound

If you have an injury from radiation, you may also have internal complications and should
seek medical treatment immediately.
  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,
City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

BURN CLASSIFICATION
Now that you are able to identify the different types of burns, you should know how burns
vary. Burns are classified by degree: first, second, and third.

First-Degree Burns
First-degree burns damage the outer layer of your skin, better known as the epidermis.
Typically, these burns heal themselves within a week. A good example of a first-degree
burn would be sunburn. So, don’t forget your tanning lotion.

Second-Degree Burns
Second-degree burns damage both the outer layer and the layer beneath it, which is called
the dermis. With these burns, a skin graft is sometimes needed. A skin graft is essentially a
procedure in which healthy skin is transplanted to cover the burn, allowing it to heal.

Third-Degree Burns
Third-degree burns are more severe, as they destroy both layers of your skin. Hair follicles,
sweat glands, and other tissues tend to result in damage as well. Remember those skin-
grafts we talked about? They are always required with third-degree burns

INFAMOUS “OLD WIVES CURES” AND

OTHER MYTHS
Many families use a multitude of legendary cures meant to relieve and treat burns.
In reality, one must be very prudent before applying anything on a burn, as any
false move can make the pain worse, exacerbate the wound or increase the risk of
infection.

Here are some examples of foods or substances that were traditionally

recommended, but that should not be used:
  PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
University Road NBP Reservation Brgy. Poblacion,
City of Muntinlupa, Philippines

College of Criminal Justice

 potato
 toothpaste
 butter or margarine
 oil
 vinegar
 honey, and
 egg white

Here are two other common myths:

 Blisters should be burst. A blister serves a purpose—it helps protect the skin while it
heals. Bursting it compromises the healing process and increases the risk of
infection.
 Ice should be administered to a burn. It is not recommended to apply cold or ice to a
burn, as this can make the situation worse.