Welty Solutions Manual Word

Solutions Manual
To Accompany
Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer, 4e
By:
James R. Welty
Charles E. Wicks
Robert E. Wilson
Gregory Rorrer
C.l1APTf:.R , -=' vz f~
J
1.1 n = L/ 1020 /i,,;,

>(
V::''''; J< ~ R - r = /.32 x 10'" il1/5

A= r( 3
16 ;.,,/-
lg
,:. NA = -'-n OA = 1.04 x IO /s
4
1.2 ~p II + dP u
'V P = ji X d<j J
cv'PCQJb) = f'c v;: [k(cos I siYlI

+2)x
࿿࿿࿿ူẢ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿枥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
屚࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ 142 ~(
'51Yl I Cos I ) y J
.". \7PCQ)b):::;2,",,-2 [t (~f-2)X
0 i- ( 51~ 9] 2)
1.3 'VT(.K; j) = To (£.f [-k,\ Ca5 ~ ccsL, ~) ~
-rt(Sit1 ~ 51nh ~)g J

\IT(a.).) :::: To £k,[-b.(c.o~1 CO'!>hl)x
0 t( '5 in \ ~~h I ) Y]
V7(o.) 6)= -r;, e.""~ [l~I~ ~+ e.-') 5{
-+- (~i." / )G.-l-') 9]
2h
=Toe-~rC&>-:.1 ( 1+ e.-"2.)';
2.. L~
-to ~r\1 ( I - i:,2.);1
~
::Tc, (O.CJ~:l~; + .1?23 ~)
1.>.1 /(Jt",1j) of 'PROB~~/Yf 1.:5 IS
/-10,,"04 t!/l1c.ouS.
p~;;J O~ PEo13I..~/IIf 1.2 WILL
13£ )lO/f!OtS UV't! ocrs/ IF
12 -:E. ::: [ l\of 'S a 'l O~
IF ,)IE: Co/VVcte.S/ON rr'1C70R/
je I IS USe.D,
~~[ csk35 j.
I.S ~LOl.J PROP~RT/g s:
SrR~S5 / PRE.S5UR.~
($~ADIE./v~ II~LocrrY.
Pi IJ ID 'PROP£.Rrlz. s :
/z./I1?:£RA7U..e£ / D:E,A..)SIT~
PR£S.5 U. REI =':>Pfl:.CII=IC
J.I EA0 SPEED of Sou/1/D.
I. {, 9
'" ('" I ex + l" \ e"-.
e. r:2 ~r x A
er ~ ~
0 COS e~.x + sin g e.~
~ ;:( ~!,\" e); + I~ IS! e.~

0 -sin e ex + GOes. e ~j
..• Q. E. D.
A
- ~e
e'"
<2.~
d s
e. =- cos <2.;r - ~''(\ e'"
de ....
:::: - ([.r
• Q.E. D .
• •
=~ ~ +~ ~
1.8 {L aX" ax or ax ae
= fJ/i.
1'><' +~ ( I-X)
~=~a+~.a.-
oy ay dt' (39 de
r2= )(:1+Lj:1 )
9= 1:a.n-
1
-¥ /.1/ ¢ = 3 )(21.J + 1/ gJ.
Se e 0 \7<1 = (6X'g)x r (3x 2 t- 8!fJ;
II
dr - )(
ax - (x 2 + yt)'2 = C: = cos r' 'V r/;
(3) S) = Clo X f {,? g
0 =- y =- ("'51118:-sine
.... " . e ....
a~ )(2 + y~ ("2 '('
.afr= case = cos e (2..)( + CZ!j

5111
dr=sinG ~s
~ I ay t' 0 \1 ¢ • ~s 15 IN THz.. - 60 0
DIRcECTIO/!/.
-sineL
--r- ae '1¢"~ =(!biY'q)e.A' -r(3X2 + lj'JeJ
+ case L 5888 [cos e cZx + sin.e a:~l
r" ;;8
fiT THE PO/NT (3.1 5)
.-
V ~ " a.s =(90 4 6"7 ~ )
1.9 'V= ~ a.x + L i. + a- Q.;: f
;)x d~!i 02
• (cas -(,O ~ + sin -60~)
0 (cos8?r - Si~e~) = 1-15 - 5'2.02 = -/3.02
ax
1.12 FOR A PER F2CT CSAS/
+(5 ine.L of-
CO~e ~ '\ e
;;, r- c}9) ~ P:;O KT
+ ~ Qc M
=(ex case +-
;)2
~~ Sirl e)~ FRo/Yl '?ROB. J./~
+ y!:- (- Si118 + cZ~ case) 2e fY -= I'm ( I - X)

e.x I- "om )(
+ er..a.. A
ae .a... .... --p -::: fJ", (/- X) RI
"". V= a.,.~ "M
/- &
J .... A ;;
>(
dr +- f c2.e (}E:1 + er a2 . p~
1.10 MASS 01=' SOLID

II
= If Vs
FLUID
/I
== It If
x =p~ Vs =>- Vf = /- x r?s
f'sVs +,4 Vs -X P
V;
2
1.13 1p:= A,. sinB (I - -Fi )
a) V'1p:: d 'I'~ + ~ ~ ~9
()r r r ae
:. -vP = AOSil1e(1 -~) a
r~ e
~ ~ = -jfJv;.'-[~~r] ~
if
ffE? A- _.J. LJ v: 2..
r2;(l[ Ji
de fL.2 - 2r oC
L-L3
WHIC.H REQUIRES -n-tAT *-1

V7p/ = ?e I vlf'/ = 0
~lvVI =0: - 511'12.e(I-t-~)
5888 -~. - ... -------------
,-,15
+C05~(I-~:) = 0 (I)
lAKE R =- i AnA. Wrm s:'&, : 1.01
23 I \lIP! =0 : "!>lrleCOSe[C1 +~ f ?= '3001(1.01):'3CCD:; 217 AiM
23 (1- ~:YJ::o(2) L\(o
FRo;n (2) 5i"e case . L/a"4 = 0 AT Co~~ntNTlEMP,) .?""'\/
r':4 fOe I O~ \~~$ l,v 9 /
FoR. a;l 0" r'" 0;' sin e cos e =0
A lO'r\~EA$E IN PI~ ~o
••
. e--
7r
0" _
(3) t.l7
2
DEJJSrry:: \1 m W"'~ m
(3") IAlTO (I)
1'5 MOL&:::u...A12. Wi;(ah'T. ;.tr
G)=O: 1- a~ :. 0 2.~Q:;()'-, wt ~ W1~ \~ .
r2. ~ (lAwf>
.. a=f"
n ,:: n ?2SO,,~1
2~,,~ CS).L
IS
j>s .. l-
IhI PasS/SL ~ ,
=2.5'·10" ~(e~
:. C/.)AJDIT/ot1JS .4Rs. 3
ln
. e =0; i=a... ~lc;H AL.TrT'UDcUtrt~ IVf\~
G Is CVr~~. n~ L~'(O·~
3
CHAPTER 2 R='Po.tP"" 5 (\:2"); -PI ='"P.z
2./ V'P=PS j dP.... = ,.. "P2. = ~ t -PK 5 ( s") ; "?.s ="'P<{
d~ e~ -pc:, e.':j P'i= 'PA +Pw9 (~~) i 'P,",:: '?s
Po. -rPM ~(l~")=~+/tI3(2",)+~9(S:)
~t... clP = -p<] C' cl ':l Bl :'?a, -rpw g~~, '12'/- 2" -: tS'·sj
:. '"PA =- -Po. T 5. ~ 17:5\ == s:
256 = (JSn ~ I ?S~
257 STANDARD CONOlTIONS

f' = 1:>/RT
2.5'" 'VP::: peS -a) I.e.."PR e:sSURE
G'RADIENTIS IN THE DI'KEcT/ON OF (9 -
FROM ~.15 f1.IR=O.0"7651 I~~ a); I :5o'aARsARE ..l-
FROM ~. 15 -Po..~ =211h.2 ~ 0 - a.).TH E BALLOO"-l
CST'RIN6 WILL
fr2
h - (21/ 6.2 1J.F/f/.2.)(32.1'1i.f 10.... rt/'5:2/bf) 0 ASSUME THE (~-OJ g
t:>1'REGTlON.
0 (0=((,51 Ihn1/A-~';('32.114 fr/s':J.)
.'. 'B,AUoO"-l WILL
02 T/6~9 A: -0. MOVE Fo~WA'K!)
2.2 FOR A PER FEeT q AS) 2.6 EQUATING: -p 13EFO~E ANt)

'"'P=pRT D~\N6t ACc.:t= Lt:RI\"\O~ i
f3=;;(-¥)T ='p'RT =="P -p =P5 ~ 0 :=. P ( <j ;-0.) 'j Q,
l:ica. == ~ L1 <~
'3To. - .Jo 0
2.3 ~=-dV d'P
P V =7 0 MANOM£TC~ LEVEL
60E5 1:::>c)(.4J N.
. - AV ___L\"P 3000?S1 _' l
V - f3 - 30"., oc)o-psi - 100
2.1 MAt£; A ~~ ~3A
.: 90 VOLUME CHANGE = '0/0
Of2TI-4!;,~JJ. A
2.l.f Is IN 1n.2; 3J~ ~

MERCURI{
A•
04.7-3?K ~ g~h/(#
h,. 144 .11.7 t f4.7A
I
~~ ./'2.2. -= 2.2\ ':: 2'.£c; 1ft.

If
2.6
A
Hg
q -= ~ -JOlt. ~ 10 I
ST~JJG troM 16wr Aj
Pc ~~+Yu20a~ I
23 ='B..-dl ~ j'H2.0
'PD'"\/" -Sllff ~ I 5ru2rtA-q ~ ~ B./
B-~ "J~ d(1)- 5511;{j-IOgOt"0 ~ '" 'Pe-~,+dlfd3~~.Jd2Jf~
Pp = 'iIM JOII. :O,6JH2-D fuwtr~,
~ qf({!5 ~~~/ ~-~ ~-?g "'d2iJf~-(d2"d3)Off1p

=: ~(I)- !':>'G24=%.8fsP
ExPOt;$S"!M4 d IN .r~
2.9 Air
.~ -~ = SZ.7p'; =0.227 ~J
2JI F -= '? A - '?o..~A ==,oj 11 -(fR2
e.G.
PH:J O = 1000 I<~/~l) h= 2W1)
l<=.3~ F :: S~46 ~~/s~ =- 5"5"'-1 b N
- I
1c.p. -= vt -t- ~
1r'R·2.tM
2
q
~., gt d, j 5'H,.0'" Pa {d4 ~ +a~~9HJ FOR A Ct~LE J Tlob:= C"fr'R
- "'I
• v1 - 2M +1rR.~
~ - ~ :: (1-!i 1-~) ~ -(2 ):02 A
(2'Z \2- " "le.. p. - (~~)
qrr'R2
~- Ps= Z44,7pgf :: 1.70 ps = 2.0tl ~
I
5
2./2 ASSlJh1ING, ArlY1()SPHERIC AIR.
TO 13£HAV'£ I DEALL ~
AIR
&- -~Q -- ll
dg - r.) - "RT -
LET T
=a + b~ -- --
tJlTH ~/VGN IN FORMI1TION,
T.: S30 - 2l/ fJ
7; D.} ~i=~ =0 ON TANK
dE. -
-g dlj Ptrd 2 ._ "Pa.tltl. lTd~ _ 2!JO = 0 (I)
-p - ~5......:30~--2-J.!tl.ly/~ -1l- T
fOP .dE - <3 h ('-2lJd (':J/h)
23 W'ATER L£VEL INSIDE TANK,
1; -p - 2i{R 10 5"30- 2~(Y/h) (2.)
1n. E =- :ili- /'1 5"'0, "P = P ai", -to PH:1,O ,](h-,:{)
? 2.4R $""30 FRoM (t) AND (2)...
=
-p J O. "
"PSI·a.
h- y = 1.27S" Ft.
(3)
"Po ":: "30.11". H~ ASSUM£ ISOTHE.R.MAL COM-
.'. h. = q I g 2 ft. PRESSION <:)1= AIR IN TH£

TAN-
2.13 VrANk = -p [ ~/,q J
rg~ e
P = "3 -p~ +no.
o
:3 -<j
5 UBST. of ClI) I N (I) G /VcS
y= CJ.12f+.-
:r: -.. --:'- --_-. - 5888 h = I. '3 ~4 q..

b)
AIR "':-". --. -,", ..
1'lr='Pa To I'H;1.(J Cj ('-/") +-f'~ 9 (10")
PJ: =1':zz:
t
~ -~ = -L) a (~,'QrL). 'J (10") i1 !='y = 0
rH" 0 ":J r H9 23 =P....t- + 2.S'O+-f:
7rd2./J{
23 '1.63 psi 0 WATER LEVEL INSIOE TAN}(~
24 . PoIN! A HAS THE HI9HER P = 'Pafnt. .,.. ~H.:20 9 (3-g)

-P1?~:S5 UR.!. . F = I q6 (3 -'1) -25"0
6
"I>y ANALYSIS SIMILAR TO 0..)
~
(<<{ lj lf9 (h -4t-Cj) - gb~JdA ::0
OBTAI N(3-,)) = 2.? FI. 4 (" C9 h IJ -1)(3 'I'f +;;9 !I :L-16¥~JiJ
.e
o
F: Iq6 (:2.1) -250 == 293.6 /bf tJ
:=0
2.JS AS THE TANK CONTINU£S TO h = IS: I Y ff:

BE ?U5HED TO qREAT£R DE'P~ THE
VOLUME OCcUPIED 'BY THE AIR
IJEcR£AS£S AND 77IE b) FOR A TR.IANc; ULAR GATE.~
750UYANT FORCE THUS DE- dA: (LJrr. -Cj )d'j
CREASES.
'BOUYANT FORcE = 2Solbl £if (4~_tjl) [G!(h-4+y)-~#Jld~
DISPLAcED VOLI.JM£ O~ H2 0
= 250 = 1. 01 /f;3 =0
~o9
!iSSUMINej AIR To -SEHAtI£
h = 15: YQ"1 If.
IDEALL Sol AND ISOTHERMAL
COM?RESS/oN/
2.11
~+m A (3 P. ) In -P(4.01 (j.. f)
Ii-. .::z 'C..-fnt f-(-J9 c)( 1. 0/)
Z:: '15: 'i'l'
TOP WILL. 8E ('IS": i?~ 4. 01 ff3) STA8LE "posmoN Tl??ED
7Tlg;:.) (M =0) 'POsITIO~
eM)
• eo T()P J S
~~ b fI. EELctU J6 ~
o
M ~ C. '1f''3 Ll){ o.os-d A a

y
0 2 Sa ,- }(J. ~a dx L,.os
1 fig L" C.e (0.045"" - /2.)
23 = -0.0 31 (. :zo~ rad ) ~ J L r
THE HEI6HT O~ nlE WitTER co-
LUMN FROM rHE DIF;::: ElEMENT
IS h - Jll-g 2.11 Q;RESSUR~ 1~
Q.) FOR A REcTAN6ULAR 6Ar&)
d,4== ~'d~
clFw == [ ~ 9 (h-4ry) -rPetIfCJ dA THE 130UYANT FORC£ CAN 13E
d F". -= L 6P'S;9'/ilL! + ~ ] alA "BY INl"E~RATION
OBTA'N~D
OVER ,HE CURVED SURI=AcE.I oR.
~Mo =0
By THE FOUOWINq "R£ASONIN~: 0
~ <j(dF"w-d7=A) = 0 ~F~=O
LJ =I'IOIJ <3'71R2
7
F':J = BOUYANT FORcE ON suB-
MERGED LO<:i + Q, WHERE
Q= 'w'l:lqHT O~
'REGioN. '1IR~)
\420 \N SHADED
T
b'
Q = C"R:1. - T IfJ5
F~ = fJJ7r1?~ of" ('R2. - ~)1'9 J-
=,.og~ (J +-4FJ . ~
,0 [7!' + I-if] =,f~ 7r (SI/'JCE
F~ ='vJ)
p~ = ~ +J- = J. 06'1
~ JI 17'
1/:2,0
2.1'1
h == <i./5ft.
2.21
a.) FORCE 'R£'Q'DTO l/F=T BLOC.K
FREE O~ BoTTOM;
AS'SllM mows :
0 F~ = 0 = F -Flo -F.... CD~~~ ~rtr"~ &u.-
0 F - (ow 3 22. ?S'+-Pa..+ ... 'P'~s'J
0 (3',. 3'x.S)A: J
0 HzO Us\&!- A~ ~LL
F= (3 1c 3')( 1'",,9 22.;s:.' +R+.o. + . T(!)p
5";.g) y 12:= #
0.0 32/1971bf
gc, 10
j liP d F". llpdA
e ~ 1-
1 FORcE 'REQ'D TO MAINTAIN
FREE Pes/noN:
01.
dA:% z:~ eSWledf}
2 F~ = 0 = ~ - (3'x 3' )(,S'),4 9
-r llf-.: 5'1 (h-kbso<+~~)
-(3Ix~')[o4 +'Po.nj
, h::.S' dFlf ~dFa:>5e
F:: (3'x3'X-,S"')(A ~••,,) K3' 3'JR.+ ....
1C
0 (ll.';)(-Pyy:;. 6 I~/R:S) +f9R"){2.J'&:.. 2 /~
0 =J9'{LfO 16;
23 fim" 2.23 "BouVANC V FORCE = I'v =;~ =- 'F
23 ~ (h-~+~)sm~ dF =:E. "PRoVID(:::.D VOLUME'
Z7reSd C( dT T 'REMAINS C.ONSTANT
BoUYANT FORCE VARIES

5888 - (~-~\t~ t 2 (\ INVERS£L-V WITH TEMP£RATVR£
+aJDC)
'2 ~ OF THE /t1R. AT CONSTA-NT
'rJH~ Fa =0 VOLUME.
23 e~0(+2Q Q-fQJz1) 2.2.4 5.~. I. 0:25= @ If£" rn.

'3 SWI,"l.()(
~= I.O:25"!2,gh..
= (I. 02~Y /000'3.. V9. 101m V /8£ nf)
~~~ >>is'' sa.J.... '/
'5(t"\D( '" 'PIcL Q:)~ "/'rJfct- 2 5888 t. ~to X/O /, ~ = /760 kPa...
'" ~ a.
/-+ (1- V%t.)3~

n-: 11- rJid"
- + ----=--:.~
2.25
2
d 3DYct ~ "'-' Fan
~
- , . ---------- .. -----
E.>c.?At-JDHS<i IN S'tslZrfS5 0.30 m
1_ 2. (/[)
~ -+
.Ii S£ fc ItI;.)r
L
J 3 D~ L~ (t llf-
~ d:34~
nZI
/J.P" J"20 6l1.k
23999 k19.B\ Wl (?2')""-.
m~ $~ 10'1
h ~ 0.28/0 rn. ::. 2.4G Pa..
2.22 .J"D
~
de. =L)9r =tfge0
6%
T
(A'P_d(A~) (!,.q~cI~ = z:
)0 e~'w,e l,:9-,8
e -A~ /-,49 n
~ :::
~~
tj~ = -,13 in (1- ~ if"): 300}oook{i-.O'fq

5888 'D'J::~ Is~
23 J'P= ILl 190 P$;
~TfUSRA;~~
DENSITY RATIO ..e = e.~ff = UW11/ AN)DlUe.t1R; \VA~ tbwN~.
~
fJ=l.tJ~7~
9
Po lsT~~~.
~{sT~~~.
)(ls~Dt~~ T.
~E.~10 T~ ~~TU5
AI THe. CENTER of THE
\VA:Jr;e .. EARTH}
z:.:R
B,i?H~~::: 1?""~l"q~)f~
'UT2. (1 IZ ~~
Pc :: r;.+n\ T ffjo ~
~-~ 2 Ylla3a - ~~6~ NEGLECTINq
5888 =- P90 R
~+,."
:: ~ 6 '1·/()10~ .
23 7O.fo7- 15.~ .. 55.1 pJ 9.107'"
2 ml ~
3
• 6330./0 ",
23 352 x/o9 k::,
m5~
2.2'1
:-IT H,.,O
p= 2 ~k.!.'3~/1+.3
+
12'
MUO
1ft l
10'
p= 4 '5(u9~
t "'B
:=
24 j
t=A -~~ =~'J 12
'Pa -Pa..,"", = 2l/'j -1-40, = 6L(j
'Po" -H..tM. = ,ag ~ +tE J (f-12)

PAS -Po..~ = I.l ~ 12
H:z.O lit
F oRC.E / UN IT LEI{6rH r: f=
f=:: f (p - Pa..n..)a'A
~= C~ 9 f df +f~j'2 t(! j(l-l2})dc
12-
F'=Pw~( Iq2 kl)-t-~ ~ (s-OJi.'1
F::.2·~ ,/9; +l/'9'S'o = 18,790 Ibf
10
TO FIND L.OCATION at: F = Ptjc.H~
Z ::z I
"'EED ,0 KNOW' C.4 PosrnoN

AND THEN TAKE MOMENTs.
=fJw9 (~6 f20l{O) +-~ j (2.q~3 -20L/O)

~7 ___ f'<3~"!fr~
A 2
~t-C{5'_3~ Tf'<3 .. r.."
5888 2 'i~ '106 H-'/bf T, ~'~'I :2
r+9
2 == IS". 3S- ff: ~
2-
2! M) :: ~"t S"o..rol. + !] rl
~~~ I'Jc.
2.30 FREE !BoDY A ~h.t T!j "
(FORM INCLUDED) "-~ 1Ir 1+ 7(J. r lJ

Ij,
-r J
FORCE=f'~H NoW ZM" =0, SO
Am ~ 2 e MAw -f'~ .. ~(2 rt-tl~+f'Sc. (lrH - ~1~ f.2r)
:3
CANCEL to<Jc. -fXJ4!:1-'1. - A J
:;z.
A H'" = z,-l.H + 71:a.r3 - bT(,-3 - 11 ('3
~ESSURE FORCE =~<.H(t+~ .::. Z ,:;I. 6
A = f +:. +-Jf:r3 - £7Trl - 1.1...r:!
ZFx- =0 I ,', F:z =~(3e !:L'J. rr "f tf1
'DISTANCE FROH BoTTOM ==

"riO. 3
t
H"
+-A
2
AREA =~(~ H t~ 4r tJfr,=i( 0.1-1 +-5,'") if = ~ t- ('[~(-R-) + (~y r~l- ~1T" - 1]J
q= *+ r[~(R-) -
5,lH(JtY].
ZF~:.o
Fa =f'9c [2rH t~ - & - .E.c;:J
2 2. ;z.J
F. =f'Sc. [2 rH - ~J
2 .
I,
CHAPTER L/ FOR C.v. SHOWN;
1././ V =IO~ r7x l, f)c.s.f'(v.nJdA ... k fVdV =0

AT (2,2)~ {j- = 10 ex rJil ~j o
A UNIT VEcTOR IN -304 DIREcnON V= 'i (I-fi) fp:. ..
IS ~I )5('.s/,Cv.MdA = )fA/,(v.r1)dA
"'_Y3A I
+ ~~A1P(V-·~)c:lA
e - 2' ex -2 ~~
COMPoNeNT IN e. DIRECTION =f' [112 o.ve.. A;l - )oRq(l- n) :2'rrrd~= 0
~,.. q1r R:2. (f-.,"- -I) $ fps
23 e· v- (Y3"
23
1 !J
2" eN -2 lZ:s A) .~/ofZx +I'I~) 1J2 o.lI'c.., = ~ ..
=I2
24 5"13 - 7 = 1. 66 fps. 11 (1.5"~
l/. 2 {} = 10 ~x + 2 x .~'J l/.'1

0.) ~ = ~ = :Y..
>(
/0 d'J = 2>f
\1")( /0
V;= .of,., [J'--'-____ ;::w
10 'J = }{2 .,. C j (2, I) .'. c = ~

_ /0'] + 6 =0
He.s. f'(v.n)dA::"
>(2
))Ai f' (1J·n )dA + »),40 f' (V-. n)cl A

5888 - f)A'fJvdA + (( pvcos30acJA
,JJA.
= -~/J"Ah +~1.T~s30"A)o =0
~. =,q, , it - ,/
Yl )~2J - .., lie
.~ V; = A: ,,;;. = 1/6. /9 fps
. Ao ("D~"30 •
(1,0) )(
Q= IT ,.,,3 Q = Avo = o. S'S-S' fI?,s
::.
~ CONTROL
r- -- I
i~---+-~-r!'
VOWME:
L.. ____ J
12
:. ~ T let. 2 5 - 3. iLl :: 0
dt M
• S -,q.:z.t)
•• =~(l-e.J;iI
=Al 'LJ + 'TrD v-.!:.. 2. = V-(-n:~1 +1J' 0 L) M= Z33 I~
2L 2 •' V I='O"R t = '00 ""i""
V- = ITrO,,/q 'XV;) == V; S = 15'0 Ibrt\ .. 0..)
"irDa r~ I + "'D F'OR -t: =:> oJO
~ 1
= 1.1-1
~/s S = I 6 b. 6 Ib"" .. . b)
(t.l (S::z __d;.,..s___
Jl; dt = Js 3. ~q - 19!.3 s
, I
tI\
t -t
1 I
= -1:1
,Q.4
£.,.. 3.Zl/ - ~ 5: ,
M
'3.!q - 5
IQ.2 ,
r;;;-
0 -~3.S' k 0.39 :;; 6() mt'".
/.S'I
c)
1. ~:: /;/) rniH.-4.....-----
",(
L( ~~S-)4-G~tl + .•• J
IF THE PLutD VOLUME IS CONSTANT;
Q = 12.1" cf~
0
a.) 1) "= Q = 12.1(, == 5.~~ fps
dV/ - dVI
de I -
cit 2
0 '7r(fft AI if. = A~ 'Vi
1.1,. :
V; ~ = V; (~ r
l{. -; ffe.s. ,o(o-.n)dA + ~ 5f{~dV ~ 0
fL:$.,a(v.n~ = mout - w'irt
o.:l
11;.::
= -¥.
A., (
2( ..;fr)
r ~
2. = 127 fps
= IQ.2 '2(1Y-)= 0 0.2,
= 5'(6l/) = 320 fpsl.
?lfl /
0 .2.M=o
~t 1/.9 STEADY I=LOW .r. Jfc.tCv.n)dA:.O
M:" 70TAL MASS IN TANK
o (r d (p-.rft) = 0 ) . pA = c.onsi.
IF-" 5:: SAL7 IN TANK AT ANY TIMe"
If ,o(fJ'.n)dA =: /9.2(F) - 2(f. 92) R
~s. M JJc.s
d (evA) cJA f = EY-r.:!..E:::. '0
~ ffLc.v. pdll = !fl ~ V-A A "IF ,0
: . Q. £D.
13
[p(v.¥\)dA
+~ rrvpdv= 0
Cos,
~c.~
o 'STEAOy F~w
K~(-o-.n)dA = -1'11; (6cO + WtHoRlc.
• ~. d M + Jr d rn =0 :. ~E0 lb.,. + 2. 13J

jl ]!;. .ydy =0
di nees '"to • •
o3d
:
WlHOR\e = f 1.1,; (6d) -f>1I; (3d)
'1.1/
Vi ~ l~",-; v. =0 tit HOR 12- =-;:rll; (.3d)
~LIIP.
'j "I
I"'-;( ·1 •
fls.pCi/".n)dA -1" ;~av ~O

o
CONTROL VOLUME IS FIXED TO
WAVE FRONT MOVES WITH 4
VELOCITY v,.., TO THE R If$HT.
-,.0. A~ T~ A (v-m -1I;.J =a
:. 112 = Ym ( I -~)
'/./
~ .
r
2
v =f -vdA == 21'Lb == -2"oL v, b =-v-
SR 21T'" rt - ,..lY7 dr
~t
= ifmo.x"
'11 R~ 0
L R'J ) d ... == 2 W,side = 2 ifnr., d~
'
LET
;z =% de = d YR THUs -2,aLv + 21' fob v d.!:J=0
Lv = fob -z.r(y) d~
('
v-= 2~Jo ~(I -zf'de

LET q = , -& J d 7. =-d ~ a.) -u{ 'f)=!-AVERAGE' A CONSTANT
0 =-
2
vm J. 0 ( 1- Yl J 7Y? d Yl L 1.r = 14:vE b
=!1.J.v: ••• "VA VE = L v
(,0 ma;x
b
.·0 V = o. ilt'1I"mc.x b) 1T (ej)
= c. ':J + Cz <j2
~I
l/. 13
TO DcTE"RHINE C; AND Col )
USE
'4
80UN DARY CONDITION S:
LJ"(h) = 0) V"~) = V,."o.x
4.Ju,
0= C. b + C 2 b~
11"mo.x = C, b .,. C b2.

z
"2 1/
..• C, :. l/ V",&1L
)
C ~... =-~ 11' wrCJ.X

b b2.
11" ~ q V-*~" [t ~ (~t]

. b
slnce
LV =C -V d~
v~~::: -!:L.::...::v:.--__
q Lb[t" -(f)jd~
LET 1 = ~b )
跿ሀĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄ
ऀऀ
ĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄ
ऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄༀऀ
ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀ࿿ ऀऀऀ
ऀ࿿ऀऀ
ऀ࿿
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤄ
ᤀऀऀ ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀᤄĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄ
ĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ᤀ ሄᤀऀऀ
Ąऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ
ऀऀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
༄ऀ༄ऀĄऀऀ
༄ऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄᤀऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ
ऀऀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ᤀ ሄᤀऀऀ
Ąऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀᔄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄ
ĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄᤀ ऀऀሄᤀऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄༀऀ
ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄ
ऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄᔀऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
ऀऀ
ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄༀऀ ऀऀሄༀऀĄऀऀ
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ऀऀ ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀ
ĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄĀऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀĄऀऀሄ
l/ b 1'(t- yt'-JcJ ~
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L
V,3=5.15 ~
A.ZZ
~ MowQre Is ~
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... I>
o
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kr ~oh I \l;1J,.=fV, =IZC~
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0 j' 21l'Lb V~t-r
4: Vec,er ~ v l-~ b
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17
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'32H. l./ IbM ~
lb~ Sa
RELATIVE' TO THE BLADE:
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=50IOlbf AT THE LEAVIN6 S£:CTJON:
...
...
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ASSlJME VN IT L£ NG-rn
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f: (p, -~ )dy - DRA~

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L "
5.5"
r - - - - '"1.5"~
.
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I Cov. f-
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x ~---0-J
0
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g Val P,-'P-;a. =t"
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0 189 p~f=J.31p£; =9.MJ<A:,.
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VELOCmES RELATIVE: TO TANK
0 ~ =
215 lbj:
~9 = FoRCE' O~ FLUID BVTANK COs30-
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Bx ==-if(vx M) +(-m)(2. S"7J %) P, A, - fi A2 + I='x ==-1 A.2 ~ ~-;: A, 1I,.l
FLUID IN TANk #-lAS 0 VEL/JC.ITlI =;:; Q (Vi-1f.)
R~LATIVE TO <::OOROI NATES
Bx= (O)dM -m:l.STI=(157.. }~) ~(p. D12 -liD;)+K =1'~2(*~ -k)
a:f :s
X-{:2.57/~) = -404N Fx =--1f (P'D,2P"~~)+~f'Q:a-.(k-~
-Bx .:: 1<>4 N
SINCE ATM05PHE'RfC PRessURE
Z~~=~ ((( ~M +a- Vy drn CANCELS.....
~~v. -';)- JJc.s.
o 0 = p.~ -;: 50 posiC)
11"'1 OF r=WID l~ TAWf< = 0 P2 = P;2.~ = 5" p-s1S
B'j =-(rn )( -~OT )=(/57.1 ~r07~ 0 - -171(so.lq~XI)-(5'·IL/I{)--L-l
0 - 7lC.:z3.O#fJ
0 II(/N
+;f(O.i)(J.94X 9 )(;23.0~-I)
~=-I/Il ~
0 -5"630 + 392
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A,=O.2SOQ.:a.
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o Q =i()(J ~oJ/mit1 =. iCJ 2 R-~s
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2
= ,oQ1. (-k. -:k,) ~ Fx =KG'S. Vx pC von)dA

19
Jr ("'P. D. :z _ n 0::1.) _r:" _ LJ LJ(i1.{L
_J..~
LI \ 'r S ~ rx -iff' \ ~ OJ,. Fx =f (?I.;r.

9-/11.7 ·2.25") lbf
-,;p (1. 9L{'Q ~l{ .qr) 'bt
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5:9 • ~,--;-~~V;
ZFx =JL.s.~f>(1/·nkIA +~~
o
0 P. AI - 'FiA~ 5.12 (f)c.v. @
['.5 ~f'(-v.nJd4 =f'~ ~lr'~S VltAjYi~ ;;---~
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#////77///7/7177////////77//1/
FOR COORDINATES F"IXE"D TO THE CON·
BY CONSERVATION OF MASS,
(( fJ (v.,j)dA :::0 TROL VOLUME;
Jlc.s. ZFJ(&' fl'S~,«v.n)dA+~dV
1'~'Vi -~(As~ flliVj) =0 o
ZF;c= Fx
0 :: ~s lIS +~ 15- :: :!'1(iO/ps)t:~'{~ (( VA',£'(v.n)M =PK1f-}.f) Ga~e]2A
)}c.,s.
P [ v--v;,]2. A
1 ~ = li+ps Fx = fJA(v:Vc )~(C05"e-I)
0
1 B. -P, =£If(Jtl - :7{1oa) .. '.0;(<10)1 TI4'SIS THE FORCE ON THE C.v. AT

~.I"W
THE' WHEELS. FoRCE ON VA NE
~ -p. = lilT psf == ~76~, DUE TO wATER J:LOV,-RK=pA
(1T-1JC):t(j-~os~)
POWER TRANSFeRRED TO VAllE j
P; Rx V"e ::. pA 1JC (v-lJ"J' ( 1- c.cs~)
lOO ~ - "---::;~
0 --"',---'~}
LET m= 1rc/v-
p= "A11'ttt (lJ"-1J"nt)~ ( I-GOS~)
';'i:2"'~~JsA :3~
q FCR "Pmo..,c.J 1: = 0
F= k5. vccs6dm=(-z-oX-i.Jz I-~Ht +3ttt· =0 :. m= I aR ~
-::- FaRcE ou F'LUfO)ALso ow PU\l~
20
ttl::: I as MIN1MUM
.~ FOR "P='P~J =~ ~a.) v-*
THE VANE I~ AlTACHeO To A
\VH£El of RADI(IS ... ; NoTE TWA1
ALL MAss HITS CA'RT
M«j == I'Av-r[1Tc.. (I-'-DSe)vc::ose-~
COAISERVA-not( OF MAss!
0 I'Av-r (/- case X"t1C -u-) V,A. =~A2
m= VC/v- .
) MaM~NTUM :
, - ccse)(m:l.-m)
?= ~A v-3 ( 2F=f-oolm
@ - o' IAA _
~
dMot - ) nl - '"' - P.A, + ?(A:l-A.)-~~-~AASf> ~~
.: FOR -P-P,..,ClX I clc:N -11 0 /rv;.2A;. -;0 1{lA,
Q.E. D. =< b REA'RRAWGINq
) (P.-~)A, - ~ (A;l-A.) t- p (~-t\)
5:13
-f'9A<1 y =- /Y A, v,-(,;;:-tr,)
P. -~ t- (rs - P:2. ) (~ -I )r'S ~ y l.
-= jJ1r, (~-v,)
CONSERVATION ~ MASS ~ = H r4"P ) -v;. =V,i'A1f)
~M + 5d~ =0 A2 = At +.AA _
M =IfX T/,'~ -AP .... (p-~)AA -~4Yf -;>v,£IJ

.A, I
Jd~ ::: -~~ (UNIT CROS~ ~EGT10N) As AV-o-+dYJ AP-dP ~

flz i +//"i-/iV; =0 A ~ A • (p-aJAA ~o So
.1
X=Vw, ~=-~ -dP _pgclY -=..ov-cIv

~(1T"",-~) =fl';-~
. (I) 0. dp of-;nrdv- t-~ dY :: 0
0 FJ( =: ~ r if-cJM + r ifd.-H

MCt'\1ENTUM
"Pa-Pa :::?t (~x&)- V;tf~

0 ~ ~ l.C ~1f4 =~A (vw -zr) CD
A 1='0 TO? ",,:l A2., = .113<1 m':&.
FROM (I») ';;,.02 (~-~s) =A' It,1..[ v; == 12 tvJ/s LIi = ?'I{V tHis
.:1i-P, -A~1& R== 12i KPa.~ 11 = 1l.{5" J<P~
2.1
Q= Av; -= o.3l/"I'4 Ht"l/s F)( + P.A,-~~ = 1M (u;. -11,)
m /,Q= 841.1.1 k'~/.s F'x= mClI:z.-t()-p'A, + P~A:a.
0 FJ( = If"V;c a.-H o;A. +~A:a""~ +Po..t-.(A.-Aa)-=o
Fr +P.A, -P~A.;\ CD'5I)-~(v;.cose-y;) 0; A, =- Ii- -O',iA2 -l'o.~ (t\,-A.1.)
0; A, = P. A, - BzA.l -m(V2 -11,)
Fx =R" -=/,Q("5~e-v;).,.p~cose
-BA, 0 o.iA;l - ?G..~ A. +~ilt'A:z.
R" =(ZCff.1X-S".S'22) +1l/2~o - 9~9. 6 0-= L/922 ps; (IE~SION)
0 S"OS:S-JJ -~--- =-.::..----- ,
F'3 - ~A2 s;,,8 =;:JQ. (1{ sine -0) F~ ~

"R~ -':jJQv;..s,'r18 .... B.A..1 sine
+r:a2
0 31?$
'R~ = H, 3GJS'N·
Z F'= rc.~. vd m
R= r vdm - ( vd~= Fao~f·E.
OUT )n~ FLUID
0 2 fa 3Jf'~2(~)\~j t-f'ifo.l3ol
--;l, V;; 2 bd ....
tiAj (MOMEN1UM
SEC.TION ® OUTSIDE'
0 + 'P.1A2 - P3 A3 ::. ~ (\Jj -1,.1;.) R::'2,o~2d..,. 3p~~- 6/,v;,2d

Fx = ttl (lJi -1Ii)-rf3 A P~A.:z.
:J - 0 -r>Vold
o-A +"R1"m (A 3 -A~) - F)(=O FoRcE o~ CVLlNDER.: -R=l't{/J
o-A = Fx. -RiMtAs + Pc-mtA:z.
o-A:: m(Vj-v;,).,.(p~-Rn.,)A3 S'Jt ~ -~--
~-'P~)A.2
o-fJrof.)=E!' (33ao) t U:~~(:l~t
tJ;=10fps ~
3!U ~
0.) AIR: = 1130 fps
lfw
- SHi. ~ ~(12)· 1'= O.0023? slc..c.gs./Pf3
0--= I Z2/ psi (COMPRESS/Otl) A'P=~ -P. =Pal.{." ~ :(.OO:131XIl30)(,q
A.UID o;-A, N02lLE -
= O. 116 'i!ps;
- =:26.KQpsf
~
CD 0 \VATER: VW = 11100 fps p:" /.

<t3'l "5/W3S./ f+3
SECTlON
2Z
~rp= (l,q37X 41100)( 10) to..l1o( = 3E:§' = . ?03" oc == 3So
0 q,} oi'o psf : ~'33 ps; ;l<l.11
0 e. = 125"0
AXIAL. L04l) ~Fc }c:s.
S.!1 3 ~ vdm
VALVE OPEN ~:= J. 71 cfs v= <S2.M
FoR AN OBSERVER. M() V/~ AT
V': (i·?fX I 'lei) = 2 't?(. fps
~('&-I) vb)
3M/s} THE SITUATION LOOkS UK£'
LOAD = (t. ?lX6'IX 2 I. 1'): TT J~
~O ~lfw-3 4-V"~-3 ny~ '3:1. J74{
W/HcH IS :nJs.r LIkE! PRaa. 5".13.

I ------ ·· - =r
SINCE Vw ~ 11133 mIs,
Vw -3 = IQ30 w.J.s [ t ~--Lo=-
0 P == r'V",./A'V= (looafl 'l30}(3) r 1.2 in ---- y

---L..- __
KP I I c.v.
0 4287 c. I .'---'"
5:20 FOR STEAJ)Y F~W EMz =ffcfxOz)c1ti

"THE RADIAL VE LOC.TV AT 12 RELATIVE
To TH E: IMPe:LLE"R = <51
~:' &CO~. \( ~)(. ~6S"q fP \
\"- K11f\ )\ bas - cy.1 I ,
0 10. ;J.1:l tp!> ~ M~ =M~ TCR'<UE ON ~PRJNI<LE~

THE ABSOLUTE" VcLoc.ITV (TAN6EuTJ I3Y SHAFT:
0 Qr;- ~ =82.38-/0.~1;) =- {{ I ; x~1 ~ p(v.y,JJA=2(pAv't-r;lJ)
1'J.17fps. ~."5.
'I M, = -2l'Av 2 rfj

t ~= 10.21'2.
0 -2.('2.~1)'Tf( ~f(C(OO)!s.
-.-- • 8.2."38'
<jc.
-1. ~ U:)f-ff
VR~IO.""''l.
TORGU E: = r~ 'tflS5. f' VR A 0
T~ .l . ?2./? •.!d- . Io.:u~ {2frsY- 'J

12 32. 1?II 14{C/ 5:13 T= J(rxv)d.t:. =- "'R(\lt'si~
0 2()1/. 7' i+-Ibf -w~)'p2Al.fr
1=bWS< :: WI = 45: J" np 1= Mf
Mf = 2AfJ lIr R (vr 'Sit1ol. - wR)
23
~t
s~ ~~
)
L
II I x
i-- 3' • +' /" ----1 . =-
XM2 = ff~s('-xV~ -~o)l'(v.A)dA mitt ~out
0 sq r( La (v)-t dr -\I plfh = pv-(o. +b)
3
0 -~v:l.t [rP5]~=7'V~t(36) =
:. b-o-. hcosO(.J b+o.. =h
~ /') g L. b = h( 1+ cascX)
V = .::l..
t = 4-;~ I.:t = c~/ -.
2. .
bt'
0 -= h (I - cos ex. )
.: M~ =595"8 ft -lbf :2
, I t f I I IVs
ZF"~ ::- V'jdm f
r _______
+
~-v.
F:pv2. h sin ~
I L I
0 XMr :: )(0 X O)z dWi
F"~l =~ 1!f'Va -~ V";,vb
.:: pv2 hsiYloc.R= ~,Pv.J
2F =1k<iyp(v o n)dA + ;t} i:lf'V.:l.
[2pdV
,,_ I , (o.':l-b~)
FaR caQR'DINATE F=1X'G'£) TO cAR .{ - 2 h ~l"""'-
I,." )(- DIRECTlotJ Z Fx = l;
=J:lI(.Y-2coso(-f ~ ?f-2cOSc(~
r( V;r ,LXO.n)dA = pAj 11 (-'1>
C'5 .. 1I 2 h sino(.
. . -f'Ac V~ (-ve.)
f= 11 cotcX
&~)fc.v. V)C pdV=:. ('(Ae Vs :-Aj~')(O) 2
:.FK::f'[Ac.V;Vc -Aj1f2.]
I)J y- DIREC.T/ON l:F~ -= F'j
f~c.s.V 'jp(-(J·;')dA :: 6oA~ vsX-~)

;- CfJAi Vi X0)
~ fcr v. IJdV=O
dl: )J)c. v. Cj r
0 F!j =,0 Ac. vs:z.

. FORCE OF FLUID ON CAR" R= -~
24-
H2 = h~ + 2 v-:1 n/9
H -= Yh~+(2V~hY9 R= ? (h2 -L:a)-f'h~(1J[ -I)
529
Q,~j)()ny
V. h( =V h-z-
z
M.o~UJ-.1
~h.I~n.Z= ~Al)~
?"'So hjz ,~ =5'0 h,h
Wt,Ali :z Jv, hi (V2 -V,)
lC
~
~.-i~~" ~V.hJ (V2 -V,)
~GNnw(rr V2. 2~h/h~

dn~ (ft>~:) =V;~h, (~,-h~
0 USING CONTRoL VOLUME-lI) 2
~Fx= f(t:.J(xl'(O-.J1)dA f~V=i' ~1 ... ~I-Ya.
o h.: th, h~- 2 v,\~ =0
ZFx= P.A, -~Az. -""R=YnAV}(
1=1h - P:lL -1< ~ phYa(~-V.) ~~h2
R= Pah -~L-,ohv.2('X-I) ~l = ~ (~-"("'-~f -0
F'ROM HYDRO"STAT/C:~ 0 gh,\
1 ~U1i).)vrrY
p=: ~ ~i"c:X 1. )
Vz = 1~'~~ {1~~V;~k,)
«='f) 1.=f' 1,. =~
-
P. -=1' <j 11
:z
L5
5."3D r - - -, TAk:l1J<l ~ ~ 6
USD..r:;T~ l~ ,; I W~Tb>TW6~
~L~j. ; f:~~1 0 3'P2 A4T:3V SAV
Y
M=s>A h Vz - n:It: I
m, '"gAV: -~ AIi L _k' 0 3'4~l ~T = B.S

:: 40.3 R-~bF
~ + *dt<A, :.0
0
c.v.
. . 5,~ r - - - - - --,
gA n-- sAtt:rD
2
0
v,----+- _+
~(J\Jtff1 ls SAr{~USD L-
tv1~ LUrr14 t A$ + e.v-)J - - - - - - - -t

L f(f " ~ - t ~lJ~dM
Hg
roo. TH& C. V. AfDIE

~~~5 _Asas ~lQAL
L~: ~~d~
-~~~+sA %ih~)fh2
~+ ~ A,-~At% ~(V2-VI)
~u:r Is 'kz -~
fj~ V2 ~ ~Sf;{2~ Of
~J~~~JD
5.3l
~.~~~
'9, -fz :Tf4Js ~ k ~
o:=>&T~~~*
USWG -rut;. c~v. Af!CM5 ~ Is (Ll~ ~ As g~~)
Wrrf4
0 To TH-g ~(~Ha>w) Pc +Jwa(L4-t)= ~tS'-t+~tz-

LM~ :: Ccrxu)t>e dM ~-~ ~~(J~fJw) :z
j J' l:
m01n~
=71.~~ \ZPa.-
V ~ ~ := ZL19 +t.;~
, A: y~ +l: L =O.442 W~"L
Q -:::.A,V, ~
mi'J'
'Z 'IT (.08)5 =0.02.51
4-
rh: gQ tzrs
:z 2'5_15
V :r V, ~~J
2
'" (2.8 M,i
~ 2 m(V2-~)+~-~)A,
~ 2 19<O ~ 3«) 55coN "2
5.??J
SUSCE ~S~ 15 Cbv~

WLW = ~CUT=S<4Xt)LO st~
tno..q = eo] s/~
mOOT ::I :2 5'0) fJ-dY
0 2J152 fa-ocps ~'( }:IY
()
~2glJ2[Z-~]
~: lf2 = ~ 1!- :z 55.0 ~~
4'[-8
2..7
CHAPTER b FlUID APPEA'RsTO BE H;z. 0 ,I
6.1 ASSllME' NO 'PHAsE CHAf-IGE;

I--~ THEN 11 - LJ V - l)
CD I I I.Z..,.= 22 -2
'2.-r,) .1.- I
---, IT '
P,=:/S-'"~L -t-_J ~:: 175"KR..
0, =.25 Itt WORK D:z=alS'2~
,. - ~ S(et!)d.;,+ ~ rrC..:;{dV
o J~S. ~~-
0 -1r= (et ~J ~ -(e rl), m
=~[, ~~-u.2. R :l
lU,,-U, + 2"- + ~'i + ~(~-i')J ';"I
S/ijCE 12 =- T. U 2 .: U,
,/
0 =1025·.'2(= 21S.2Sk1ls
m =f'Q
V, = Q =4.278 M/!)
AI
V'- =Q = 1/. S7~ m;~ n-\ de.( T U ~ :z homl~1 u =CvT
A'l <H: dot n
IS
P, ~ IOl/3Jdt - · ",HjAf- '3~'!?I;) W\ d <-\ = (no - u) WI IN
oJ ~ :M.92 il1 ~ J ~t
C", II =(Cp To -Cv ~Es.)0Av ),N
= 'i/~ 32 b Po.
dt flV
~= (§; To -1R)CAv)'N
SU&STITUTION YIELDs
~$W '2C
AI.., = 35.9 KLJ
cH =~J1916 V V
5
MIUUS SI~}J I NDICATES WORK To :::. ~N 1" V,./
INTO FLUID. 2Cp
::: S30 ti'I()J~{J. 35ST:1') 'B.p..
(:) X. 21(){ 32.Jr'() f.l.lhf/'os"l{t(xl()~j
=- >31.01 ~R
~ = (1.1{ ·5'31.0{ -5"30)71(~ tOlo)
~t ~ 10
0 2"'. io/
1 61!J "E
'5
((ore. + ~ )(0 ·il )dA
6. 'I sa _J'fAl.:: - [lJs = M~f'Pl. -~q~ + 111 :I._l{t+- ~~l
de cit )lC.~_ de [- (->9 .2 'j IJ
r~ ((f 4dV
~t »>f.v.-' =(lXr.:J.l/) .trnO+b)/I{I(.r, t 53.7-:2'.0
o
+51 ~L- 62.1./ 9'" t;(32.J~'I) j
JL.ie~ +-'%)I'(v.n)dA =0 .
0 dW.s = 2?iS-I Ff -If".
tri. +t(I+~ =f+~ t~~ r} dol:

=: 5"D.6 hp
5
U:z. - C v .1T
(..(. = P. -~== 6.1 ~_____
to
AT :: ?,-J=i c v --I ~ CD • ®
fJCv
Ib,.,eF (fW-u----==----
=IO·lq" = 0.029'7°F Ah:: 2.5' em.
'2.'1 (IX??l)
6s - ~~s = ~c~+-~)f'(O'n)dA
[£J = gQ. 6"5"0 = qo~ 000 ff.~tf
s
. K2
tit P. -B = 25"",. 10/, 3:2S i=h./a;fns
~ (e.T~)o(v.n)dA =/Avf>1-o _~l. 10
2
10. 33 mH;.ola.+m
~~. 2 == 2l(5'.;; I=b.
+.! ('Po-~) +- ~ (l:\~ -'jA)+ C~l v/' = .3.& = :2 ·2'15':2 = ~02 ~
f' 0 j P h22 s~
Ps =-aws/dt- t'ii tell' -,-LJa (!.jA-~ ) V.:.20. 0 I+t/s
AV 2 Tf- J B 0 = Av= 7TG3)2fl-O) =I .t/I? mJs
-q-
=(-2010 t 3 g 5"0 +- 3CJ 25" -I- q~7)
== 5'0.0 ft3/S
0 G 702 psf"" =~6. S" psi""
6.6 ,7
D- IO"
®li=LiO~
CD 1?= -6ps'I~
29
2
-~w= I.:U~ I.'1l1m 3 20 ",~ MOMENTUM:
de M~' 5* ·2SS
f>. -
~ )A. = p~2A, -1'1f,'lA,
0 346 ""oR .3Yb KW
= 0.465 hp 0 ,0 t!i '4 A3 ccs.G
P,-~ =
1 i ENERGY EQUATION - STE.ADV ,..:" p
hOI + 1IM31103 = Wt:z ho :{
A'S p=c/ v,AI(CvT. + ~~ t~)

t V3 113 (C", 73 + ~3~ t ~3 ) = ~ A; ( Cv Tz
2
r~) 2 b,
0 V.l
2,.0
+ ~2[43~ c.osB ~
- • VI-
AS T, =- 7;) p, ="P3 I ... Ihv3 A.
r
e= v T, l'~ v,A, f
,u
V:.A.3) t A, v,3 t"A!.vf
2: 2
A,V,
;'2
=V:zA2 (Cv7i t
+- ;)
FRoM CONTINUITY;
112 =V. -r 1r, ~
V, A, + tI, A3 = v2,.A:z J
~A2 ~V (T;1 -T.) + P=; P,] = ~,~ lft~
+ A3tJjV;~ _ ~ Vl.1&2.
2 :2 6.9
CAN ELIMINATE Z6.
Cv (72 -T,) = P,-'f;i + V. .!:1,.2 + AJV] V3~
,.0 1f:2 A;:~.:l
_ V.14 « p(et~)(v.n)dA=O
T Yc.'S. ,-
So Cv(-r; -T,) = P. -P:a. + I 1I,;\ lL ~ V ':1 + U13 - £.lit t "Ps - ~ :::a 0
ve, - :4
r' I t A3~ 2
2 ;z>
A,V,
+ A-!lI3 V:::)" M( It
1+ 11:):1. VA ::= Q = 3f1o/s =3. B2 fI'/s
AA 701 (19-):1
l
_~-_~ -- v. 3 3
A3 ~ tA, v..4 ;;. A,'if Us = Q = ~ tI~ = '-IlI.4 =15.28 fl;ts

I
Ag /fg
~ -~ = Vs:l. -'{12. + c.{~ -UA
I' Z
PA -~ - 10','" + . liSP.
109 - :2 (3J. J =?'I)
~-""B3 = 2./S' Q. of flt.\id
Z~r = rvi! dtH ;:r \( p(O. Vi) V~dA
c.s.
fCj
0 = Z f1- + 2. IS A of flt.\ic:I -F -Lv'+PA(A = -111 VzlA + ~(o)
0 4.15 w- at flu.lcl. USE GAGE PRESSURE ~ R~5Um
FROM 6.10
...-I:t!.{
6.JO ----=-t r: := -t.J of- PA/A + mVz fA
w:: p Q VOLUME
-= 6:l.l./nr~~.s + 'lI) =1/1. / /hi
( ~S-7" j.'1
!/rIA = IIlAz :S'1.51(2.7r'12 '-b-)
t\4 t-1T. 1~ -;
fps
lIi IA :: 3Z.6Q
VA: 2.1{'5'"Y
F:: -111./ r 10 '!!.1.+ 62.'{[,3S'X3r..,
"Us = 3.gj V I.{ 52.lrl(
~:l:: lI.JI V
4
1:!§..'-= 1.:3 V2
F = 1399 16[ ON FLUID
FoRCE oAt LID IS
2 2 /39'K Ihr 1
FaR TI-I~ COlJTRoL VOLUME SHCWN;
b)
~ - ~ -{if:: f{(er ~>,(V. n)cM THF FORCE ON THE LID IS
o 0 t. 0 t +~~C.SpdV. THE INTF6RAL 01= THE' PRFS-
SURE OVe;K THE' AREA O~THE
~t
o 'C.v. LID. WHILE "'BE-RNOULLIS EQ UAT7 0 N
G t ves lis P=PCVEL.)
0 -'PH + VA :l.- Vl.'2.. t ~ (l1A - ':i1. ) ::. 0 \viE Do NOT KNOw THE VELO-ern'
fJ .L VARIATION ALON6 THE' LID.
(IO./l/L/ Ibf/f+ + y2( 1.11-"7.3)

2 ) CD ®
6:2.'1 lh""/f+3 6.12 Q=6~ AIR
~G
0 "32. r;L/ (-;" 1 -:! 0 0 'S :lC\LCOHOL

y2 = 1'/2.3 y = 13.5" ~ fJ=· ~J.I:tQ
"P. -~ =0.1 WI <l.lcohol :: n L/ • 'l~ Pc.
A.="'U'(6)2 =.2'83..,.,~
6./1 L/
VI = ~/A, = 6",,'!./~ /'j.'83 ",.,:1 = 21.22 "]If;
~LUIO
WEltiHT f + ¥l. + tj rl =, -t lj2 + ~ ~2.
31
- -' ) IS INTRODtJc.e:D (ST'A. fa)
A;:l· Ps .,. YJ.~ + S ~5 = 'P.s ~ V'B~ + '3 i!,.B
P 2 P 2
~ 2. = <j d - '118 -"Pa.+It1

p'-g=7gJ.f. 86 N/rn2 = 6LfO.2~ 0 f'"~.o
0 1.226 ~/m3
2 a) B£11J£EN STATION lA (AFTER
6'10. = ~~r-J (2;2)~r-~ AIR IS INTRODUCED) E@ I
'R ,,2 :l
~ +.!2 -t <j l,2 == ?A + V,A t SZ,.A
~t=3."ZLfI Az= .510A, =a./II'1ml.
PM 2 PM2
0 =. tl29 n1 0 = 'Pa.+m ~ V,2:: II,A I Z~ -2'A =htd

.1. '"RA- Po..i,"
.
6.13 -- CONSERVATION OF MASS ..
V. ::L _ V J. 'j"') . .
l. 1+ i2.-p,= 0 mA,R + WI H~o == ~~I)(
0 P
V, = 5:1 fps I
U;1
= U.S" ~ ~AIR +fH~o A 11113 = PM1r A16.
11-p. = -2.0'15' Fl- of H o tMH:z.o » ...nAIR (O£J.Js,T'{
,.oj 2 'RATOa:.' IO!)
= - 2 .a45 " H;2 0 ( I'fig 0 '\
13.b "H;1a)
-0. /5"05' 'H-S -: -/.1r' Hj

0
MANOMET~R 'READING''SGREATER
AT (J)
6.JlI .: ~= 2 V2 (Q.fIXI.K)('-P;r]J ~
h
0 5'. 9~ IHls
~4---~ ..'~----------
..
d
." .....~~- AIR 6J~
CD :.':
-
USE: SfRNOVLLI £QUATION BfJ1JE'EN
A) SUR~AC£ (5)*0 BEFORE AIR

h - 6' ·1
1(- ~"-!jf/=f{c5.(e t ~)f'(v.n)JA
31
0 "'P. =B -FrS" = 136./3 ~
'F?z ~1'o -~~ = (1.21 ){24)1.=3'1'l.<fift,..
.2
~?=B - ? ='3Ql,1I1- /36./3

0 :J/~. 3S- Po..
AH = A"P = :2IJ."35P..
o.16~oj (O.1~jJOOO~/m3'Xq·f1~
I
6ft
IAJllfRE K, = 2 A P J
K,. = :2~
P APPLY CoNSERVATION Or: MASS
TO TANK:~M f =0
0 -~ ~ ~K' +K~(Yo-2)'fs -(KI+K1YO~ ~ + c.s. d~
"t
0 =Tlo2.hp
~AT = Gbf = 40.2~ '5~ 4
K2A-r ~ ft ~M = '1l"O:1.f' dh (c1m= 'i/d:2..pvc
;it ~ at' )c.'i. LI
.,fP =(5"-3)09:- 46. '6 ~
t}l. '7IDf dh +- r-r#dlp ~ =0
't(,=(2Xlf~.~)(r~.'Xq)(3:;.JflI) 30 zfP'
i.J at 7(
. (. KS") (.1S-)(12)(~2.") = J. 4h
...I
d4 t - Uc - O
S4 ~t- 0" -
~"'J<:l.('1o-:2B~=~CJ.i+2c~p~ 12.21£ APPLY' 'BERNOULLJ ('QVATION =
AJ BITtJ£EN SURFACE i 8
I
[I<, fK,. ~y =[3D2.Z +.2~(S~ =2l/. 99 ~ 4

0 - 'i1t'AC = - lie. _ '3H
.: r= -~o.;J.S(~.J? -:2¢,9'1) ,a :2
0 109. S- S :: 1.125"',..,;,.. "'S.) "BETtJEEN '5VR~AcE' ~ C \
Pc = 'Ps =~T~} Vc.2 =2 <j L

.: 'Ps-i?s = -(L +11) :: -It! Ff
f'9
Vc :: ,I;2.qL = 25: 3~ f'ps
35
Q = Av =trd:2.Vc. = O.I3i! '(:t/
~
0 +..£ Vc: :0 0
dt: 0'"
Vc -: y 2'jL - (h o -h) ho=I1@t=o
LET 11-h, = z 4h = d~ Vox- = ~. Cbs 30- ; VD<J = VJ' 'S,' 11 30
dt dl: I
.". ~. :5.'25'"15
dZ! d'l...,r
dl .,. D~ V2'jL (I + z) = 0 Q = VJ'A. ::. 4.42.10""" m?s
HEAl> = 'j+ ~."J.
- 3 dr :: -d':1.Vl~L -
( (' dt .19
)oYlf2A. D:l
Jo =.6+1.6' =2.2.1 1ft
~~. @ t=o h". 1,. ,/B t =T ho-S, = 3'
-3 c
2L '/,- 24. ; . = -::1..~ '{JaL T
o 0:1. J
T- JL D~ ( )
- d.1 Y;2c.3l I - ..; I - 3//..
A
0 105"1/ s== '30.9 /H;".
Br;:T1JEEJ.J CD f ® :
~~, + v;i r ]( = '3<12 +- V;z'" t- 'PI
6J185~=/21;..7f.ps~ T:l/o-p oP.2 .~ :z;p
Vi = Y;2'3(tj,-~hJ = 35". q fps
PAr... = p~j"~J(1O.?.3 I~ "=2051.11!1l. Q= A;z V:z. a.)
~} fl.2 = 0.733 .f13/s
fJ=:E ::. :205"1./";') =. OO~ 39;< slu, VA :: Va=Vc. =Vt:> =A.l U - ~
RT (,115"
PAlM + ~2t7}2._:E t
~()O
020P
it!
= "/.9 rS -Fps
A ~
-4'
b)
f> ;( - ,0 .2 BETWeEN CD A : *
?A =- "B+TAt 1-,.0<3 (~I -<:1.1) -,0 Yd. 2-
AP =(- 00~3'P 'l!5912 - #l1/()o) , ::z
0 1.3(,6psf =O. tXBSpsI3

= 2'1.12 pSI
'5LMILA~Lc,lJ
P= :J.05"I.lr.r/.3" =2052:5 ?sf 0 = 11> = '2;:;.12 p'S~

:: 14.2Cpsi 'Pc: = 1£#, IS- P~'t
6.19
6.21
-= 6.5S fps
A = ".193 fI'J. ~ v= ~
,+ g: +':11
<j -= "P.1 t
lfl" ~ + HEAD:. v~ -=
.2~
S:21"O
6'1.Q
= Z2.S-f}-
2 (),p- P () ~'P= 11'112 = 5'279psf =3'.~i
11.= -f:1.
-
Q V?_ -b(3.l.1'~(/) - (US)) .
I' J 2"- --r ~I{ THRUST - Q V I V-
AnJs
= -t.1,.'L ~: hp -- Q Ah
p.:: -(62.'1 1~)(f.".2. AJ~) =: -2.i,7 ps;~ • Til RUST -.. Q. {i;i; _ ~
/
~lf ,,~'" .• hp Q AIt yAh
.: HIGH VOLUME', LoW PREcs.S()~E'
PUMP.
b.'2~ 1>= S'Ops,'3

CD D: Il I" ~2.
A = CZT'/.,
STATION : AT SURFACE O~ 1-1-,0
P. :: 'P~", ) \), -= 0 ~ '1,:: 0
V, = 3.6'l,f,,!o
Q::. 1.9 cfs S.<i. - 0.'0
STATION : AT PUMP IN LET
':h = q'
I
~= 'P.... hL = 'B - ~ + v, :2, _ Va. J.
P:J :lj
~rAl +0 +0 = '('+ Et t 1I~:t -1-4' =(1'141)(45") + ,'I -"1211/
~ ~
2", (61. 'IJ.O. "S) 6 't. 4
v:z.":Z.. _ BT.t\ - B- - "8:JLI,/U'/.7-.2'O.) = 130 - II :2 ':: Jg ft.
~ - p~ 62.'1
-~ = :2S:~
6.2'
V:l.= ~().¥ tpS ~ A= 'iT:Ja: :2'7.1 ~"2
l./
Q= All = "7.Fo ct5 c..I
Q:: (7. loX (0)( ~sol ;;W~
J;;r) FROM
~
6.~
= ~ cl- -P,~ - ~,.",

= V \8
:z. f' tt~ 0
PIA - P,mM = tj (h+cl)
6.23 I=RoM DATA OP PRoBLEM S::ZOj
VElCXny LEAVJN6 IMPEUER ,oM
J 'lIr=I".~:z. fps So "PIa
I -1?1A = P+I:a,o <3 d - f. ~B:z.f'~ 0
Vt; = 10.22. ,fp.$-- J w r: : 1,.:2. fps -~ <j (h+d)
t L..
10.2:2 .fps
'7:2-rps
35
.,..---:--~-----:-
'6~ 9. iIXI.8~X' -1 !) :s 3.113 IM/s
I-~
ACROSS SECTION ONE J THE VE

L-
OCITY CHANq£S BY A FACTOR
OF ABOUT 2. UNLESS THE:
MOM£NTUft1 OF THE AIR IS
SUF-
FICIeNTLV LARGE -ro ACC[LERATE
THE FLO~ THERE WILL 'BE·A PRESSURE:
DROP, A CHECK OF
AIR VELOCITV "REQUIRED YIELDS
SUPERSONIC AIR SPEEQ, THUS WE
MAv N£~L£CT THE AIR
MOMENTUM.
t AmP. AIR : v,Jj~~

0 BEFORE AIR ~ 4a-t -~ -
l
rl~
ZFl: = ) Vz drM
fiB -11... ) A = m(v 2 -V,B)
=~A~ (V2 - ~ '4)
,a~o
"Prs-"PlA =-~2.(I_g )
. fJu,p
TOGE.THERWITH BERNOULLI EQVA.
~ vt(J - ~o)= CJd~oU-tJI i-
~)]
I
Ll 2. v.l.
-- 1M J..
2~
~,. = c;;!d PH~O r, -

~(\t ~dn
p,... II - A4 )
\ 2~o
2t "Pc _ Fa ~ L~ -rJ!." _ UA:l.
0 q 2 % REOlXTION. ~=
<:JL
Ii Ii If 2"2
/'.2'1
tM ='pAh
::f' 7:;r'l(hfho).
~= dh
p'TIJt
d-t .~ dt
~t :: ~fi1 vC(At = /l![t.:J."; 29

h
~ :: -d 20 \.bur = -d~ i
~Cjh
t)2- D~
Ch~dh =(~-d~ ~ dt
2~ J D~ ~
o
:n~ I;,:: -~ vSS t -= :2(J-m~-
b.S&3
t: -(-G.st>3X/5)2. - /''-.L7 sec

- ~T
i~X-s'J.r~i{) ( ;Y;:2.t .
Ift;K
= /l0.~
I~
~~ A
p'~-_....J
1FIlJf!EN A ~E
2
} -r V.A of- ~ 2!A = ~ f Ve;.2. + «j rE
2. 2 Pz. 2
-PE :"Pc: -I;'~ L2 I~ =V
50 ~--Pc
Ii
= -Va~, '3 L:z. C~ -~ ) f t1 V1
:2 2"R2.
"PA --Pc. = ~ L2, (1- P.) t Jl..2. v:L (1. - ~ ~ of-.!. t; ~ - t" ti - A )
~ 7J 2 "R 'R"'Pa 1 'Ra. If
2
ASSUM INq Va ~ 0 =~ ~ THEN :z Rl.
Pa = -Pc =P" 0 <jL:a (p. ;l! )
= ~ L:z. (~ -0
L
0
v 2 ~ 2tj :z. (P./,p:z. -I)
1+ I-~~
"'R~
6.2<1 FROM 6.2g'

0 -Pc; :: -(! Va:4 ,
':r ~.3{)
""p. - p =,.g U:l + 9 L2 (~-f.') -~ ~~ U SINe; C. V. AtdOUJ-ll> ~ u,..s.
A C:2 :. I :l 2
y::: ~. At-~
CONT/N VITC/: p. 43 ::l) ~ :: ~ V
I 12 _
e+P
'R
.'.e. A HEATER "8 tV !::: 9D(J\ J l)~::: LfoUr
AsrAo<
So
Vg ':l,. :
a:l)l Jll. ~
LI. l. = JL: ~~~ d~ IY'::;Uot.:rr t-~~
~-Pc. ::
- I
R:1.
-A (~rz~l
;4 ~~
.: AU "" coAl"" d A~
:1( f?j 'R.1. CU--=C'f=4~DD S/~'IS
"P -"Pc ~ ~ }Ll. t~ L-'J.(~ -f.) -Ii Vl
A 2 ~
ACROss f.fFATER (PRESSURE ORaP)
AT:79.<a(~ l~'" ~ ~
rVx drn
s
~ F« Vs-f- -i-UA 0 4~r
- P1 1 ---0.
?s ~--' <j\
AT ~O.~5P~
(P-s-"PA )K=I'fi'Va (VA -Us)
I
.. 'P~-?A =t!'JL(V -U ~)c: ~'lf_A)

2 'R R 1< It -;<:1. l Po
COMBINING WITH 'BER tJOULL, EQUA.
Ii "L~(I_ ~L) = -p,r ~l. _ ..121~ 8.)2
1(.1. ~ 2"lp' 1<1 '2
6>.'31
tJ~ur;a-£U~
TW*~C»A f -
OFT~ 'JJC1DM~ AI CZ-,1 ~AP
T~~ ~TC46 V~~L.
0 '<'lA5t-DS A~= M~
1 A'P:z1?~ 9An.\ .
T~ ~CJJLL' ~~ We~ ~t5N
J~ Iw> "\.. "2-
TS(!; ~AP '(~ h :: lJi - u;. + h -h
L:?, n £. -
23 2.
l
'L,
~~=. ~+l)~
s Y 2- lr:~JJ(XJU...( ~. is VAL-fP
>
TUO$ hL. =D. Urgscg w~ Mu~
o:L ~ (y. .z 7(,]w> S~<n nL/6, Twcs <:;'(/E!;~
~:z AP
Z Ie $
- :it
~ ~y Be; l.del1FG~
0 J>
1 /~ ~27~2. h2 ;, ~(Jt~B-l) 13:: 8~
2.. ;-
;Jh,
T~ J7lL)W ~ l~ M =~Q)
Il-=- u: ·~2~ .~«r ~B~S IF'h~211,.~~
'\ ~rr ~{s
Q :: 76.7 ·Z4·"2. 1 49.4 ~'%' ~ ~ ZUi (1.f./J-fB)
[00 F
M., ~ <st. 76 b~1s SOB<M(nm).J~ 1#T<2 ©
9ol»~ ~'" 2 +~_L -(~
t'll -4 (0 26 2B
-~. '" 1i+~~)~(e~~)J
o~ ~LA>S ht.. :zoD JOe ~
A~ h1.>D FOe 5>8-
38
0.33
GJerr(].,f~ NbPrF 16.D
&fo.O.JLL{ ~
~$CC c.
£! -t Y2,."1. ~ls;- = R: + ~~4hL

?J 2(1 J78 2(j
k)Zl.c) ~ ~ \?: : ~~ J ~zO USl~~t~
25-2:c :::Z H ~~Aw9~A
LJ:'1..
~ J..(~I/l-=. a.+w-
'4
~ + hL =H= 367 ~
2(5 tS
t (]
W~ ~ 2 '0/ (Je 9.32f;-f~ Z

0 20 ~ 20
q Al& ::: f;.CE6·ro
2
L
cfs
~:~=: ~"~%2WV
~.'34-
LSvg:; fu (;. \() ~ FOe
A C. v. &J:I03Wc:fr~ ~p ~~=-2:5VW=L~VW e
-?JA = ~ ?-?~% Ail? ~ (%~vw \1')P~
at g ~
fp'lM:~tR
Q =~Yrm
-z b.%
: fr:) Z l.~ ~
3 Lcr V-=A~Br:V(r)
Q4-%a) $·r
V(Io) =0 A +f>G
e 2
:0 A:;z -~ro V=B(r-ra)

Qf/?;;: (1).\44 ·1.25~ ~ I
}/0cur;I2 ~ ~'FV\ V(~-)2 wdh ::z -etr{ -~)

fBI U
%
:z' ., ~ V(r)zu.rl r- G
~fJfl .. ~ s fO'~
2- (.-_~
( 10
E ".Y~:r~ ::.4.1{, ·10 !!!c. .F."....

59
'~ hL~~J~t:'6
I-I~ V: LY2 }%i~ "lJ~
1. 1-
h
2 t...2.~% 3th
&T~JJ ~ AJJ.t> Z I
0 ,. t.5.... t$ '% nL-~ ~ + o;'l.-of,
<J Z%,
~z.
~% cfI/~f~)
S(3 20 ~~
~2 1< u: zl) r. --"t U -z
U2..:Z l3~ ~
a -- I;>I S 2-
~ 0:
2 M, z Lce6lz~
2+hL%~
J kl-~D}lo ~l£,
II
~.3B
t52 %@.::: (4,0 Mt ~~L'-r~-----.-<-- It-

M:: yAUC :. Ill§) ~ (sT/.(lS~ z;>, ~
~@ h~'%()J ~
As I~ I ~
l'iiG
L1:2~ A~A~ ~ ~ '-~
} 1.6
z L(O~ ~~d)) ~,~ l7·S9 ~
I'!L "3~ }.b ~
~V~tfz ~@ / \-!2.%2~J
0"2. '" ~ '"
.g,291'V1i; :0 ~zJ2 ~(!)z~t86~
10/),:6,(£ ~
t6e. An2-
C1-lAPTEQ
I ~'lS{~ ~? Aa;
7 7. W
Q'" 0
QI40 :::}d32. _ LIS:> .10-5
~lN6D ~ ~£x. I .
OF? ~e I A~ Z6, ) ~ & Q32 /4M - (,34::).IC-5
G:: .0177 QIM) ~O.~2

O 41'32
.{){)70L
80 ~b~z-(3~~!
.cor28
ICO 7.4
z =N c
= No. OJ=' MOLECULES
CROSSING A PLANE W =
.r.m
MOLECULE'S / UN IT VOL£)M~
I t<s mole CONTAINS 6.0;25" • /02J,

MOLECULES
.? HAs A VOLUME
O~ l
22.4 m
6.025". IOU. MOLECULES
2;;.~ W\3
I
\ =2.6Z·/0 2S mol = 7.6"3'10 23 mol
.Dloi 3
fP
- RT
m
= 15'0'& fps
-/Z
.W'S c- 7r
=? ''8' . /0;).3 • IS-O'S
21
= :2. 1'7 'IO~' mol
eo i tP,~
7.5 7'=.,i/(d~ \ .
dr )R
4l
z~ Foe WAn3f2 C(IV '}
2D-1D :> 7
J
Q.~::: 11.32. \
~ /~ :: . ' 1 ;::.
'-\'32 PI+O O. ~ ·10'" .

~~~:Z70%
V; =1Tm~)(D -(~)J =2VAVEE-(~)J
d1,fx = -1./ "lJAvE Y'
dr ~
r; ::. -~."lA 1.TAVE = - 1920~
tf = -.~~3 i/:"/R'a @ tCo·p
<6 = k w} "7 = 2 CcJ,
2-
~2 = 1/ <1,.
INCREk5E :. <t2. - ttl _100
"IV:::: 2,," 1/".2 ~ E¥' + ,.37 '300 ~a
<b,
J<Z Raj
6
~ = 2. ~6 q3 -/0 -IMT
1,.('iv)= 2-;2v-2-..... f' +3(fj] ,252""
4. ('T'v1 _- 0 .r - I
T:. J"15K tr = 3. 611 A
d... J
J
~ - Y"3
M =21 ..0."" = I.lq 42
N\TRO<:iEN £Ah<. = cU.S'
1.'7 =I.ql
.~ -O,a = 1.I<1J{2 (UIYEAR INTER?)
=II. S 1./75' . /()-6 Pc.·s
1I.5'5",P f>a·s
APPLY ~/RST LA\,! of THERMO
6"LJ= (( (e.t~+~«r ~V
L - I___
tfQ _ ? ® 'o/S
dt dt - Jk.?I'"'-U ;eJ~ JO
>- 3.1
~AU VISCOUS lJORK
~s
~ = £lJe- CD I >- Lf
d-c dt CHOoSE: Cov. MQVlNq WITH SHIP I
[!de :: (Tvl dA ~ F= ~ V d", STEADY r=101J
c:.s. -§
dt J ~~~
IlTJ. b cu"olo.~ - ~ r' -'
Ftk;d = ~x -11" 0!.A.t5;2~'"
Irll1V - , ..... C"_ )oX
v1 OUtct'" bouJ'\d o¥"~ :: 0

wrrn RESPECT TO Co'! MOVIN6 AT II!!!
~
Po" ;: 0
T =","!bl = p. rw
d':i
.
t:.
(LINEAR PROAL.£)
GAP
~O'~TANce
F~ = -Pix = -V;; m:z - (-.q H1/s)
Ir( lal ~/s)
i~ ='rvA =0'~4'XrwX27rrh)
F'fluid = qO ~'" = qO N
= s: S"? 52 l!.:!- = 5.S''l W -
~
J=rl • I -F_L'
n~CI - ~IIP1
=
l='5hlp 1 IN THE'
1.1 j = <fQ= kw2
dt qON
~=J<tJ,4 Wt;'GATlVE X DIRECTION

I
42.
III ~7
VOLUN£ CI-IANlii E RATE
Ii..,i!- AAKle+"t - A.1)t'~
~L/ a.) dUX » aU;a'jax
4¥+ 0
At-+O
A AX ..di:
---:" =lit1li-r
AJ(~o
'1r (>ff6X)AT: -
A>f .1t
\I"r ()()At= dl4
ax
[J
41: .. 0
I I
I
.... - J FOR 3-D\M:
BOrn AXIAL STRAIN RATE AND
VOLUME CHAN4E RATE ARE
EXPRE SSED AS
iJ) a~ t d 1.1~ + JV2 (5EE p~oa ct.3)
ax ;;9 dZ . .
7.14
r- z plo.ne.
Z
2-0IMENSIONAL (;(~y) FLO\..!

Vi! =0 OZz =0
av -..0
=
;)J{z
12-)( =0 =?;,z
av~ __ o __
~
;?<j ---- "TZy = 0 = '<1r
AXIAL STRAIN RATE

li"",;i lfJ((}(rAK)4t-u;,lX')..dT: =~
~K+O AX4t ~t
45.r~ a
43
1
B-2 PLAN~
?J5 H~1T i
1
•
~
t
'j/t ~h
--1 E l-- f
1 LL
E=.oIGMt
-1 0 t-
RESISTINCi FORCE' = f:z
F2 = STdA = fcr1l'Ddh=rJrDh
'I= ,P dv- = ::y:
elY ~
.. F = n v-7tDh =.aV'.jl'ltDh.
•• Z --E ,-- E.
F;i' = 1000 C.osX 3:t ./O-3)/olS-J7f
l"lo""
·.S~2 (3./t)
V"-8 -PLAN~
{C07a, f\J
r
"lib Fr. = W
FROM PREVIOUS PROBLEM
F ::;; v"'}:: 7TDh .I ALSo" Lv' =;7\9
z E
:. jJ ,/:u7rD h = I')'t~i
e
1.T:: m9 £ = b8tJ·9.1/-;o-r
pif7rDh a5"OU1XIO~~.~
" .61:
= ~~O rVrlGt6B -Vr Ie ".. = o. 7f:>6 nils
Ar~O t )"'11$
+ r( ~ 1,,+6,. - ~J,.)l
= ..!.. C?Vr ~r J dA: .... d¢'dL
-r r l.. (~)
r;Ie dr-~r
• -,.Jrr
IT d~ f- r d (Ve)\l dL =~
sin 01..
.. 're = 1/9,. =p tr ;;e ar r IJ
M = .M~ A
l 1 ij,1f
,..3d~dr
h SIf1C1C 0 0
.: M =1T'~ w D.y
32 h '51"''''
lvzO
~
(?t-~)~: \'Trl)L%(J)
4P 41"' = 21.7 rsf4\ 7.2. \ ,
144'5
;<"
L D ~% 0·76 ·ID-
-,
jLl2():Z: D.~~ .. (0 .,
Xe~:a-5l%
CHAPTER g
t.1 -£ = 32"uv. Q
2
cJx 0 v'1f!i
: ~Q 13 CONSlO£R THE CYLINDRICAL
dx 7T IfI SH£ll ELEME NT
=KD.'
Q2::: K ~i ~I __- L ar .,
K = (-:&\Jr
. dxjmp. THE SAME ANAL VSI5 AS IN SEC.
S.I OF THE TEXT LEADS TO;
02 =20. Q4 ::: 16Q.
4..(rTJ = rAP a)
CHANqE = Q.2. -Q • . 100 dr L
Q,
LIT R ::: OUTSIDE D
=1500 ~ INCREASE.
KR= INSIDED (K.(,I)
K.20RlG/NAI STARr 4O~Km=-_=EN=O:.- ) def'Y) = ) t? rdr

Nat 22Km I '~Km r"T;: t&""P r~ + C,
2L
®~-------@-
= -;« dv = .1'Pr + C,
dr 2 L. r
-dP - -.1P
dX - T
Jdv= -.1P (rdr -
:2L.,.u JAr
Sf d,..
ORIGINAL: ,;, ::: KD" (-:~) V= -.A!:.,...1. _ e,k r + co2

I./)-'L ;U
-t1lf.3 = LI.) ~
41 "B.C. v=o @ r ="R J r . KR
0
C. ~ R~(J-I<~)
(£) =rHH
&
Nat: -A'f.2=LI'l~ 4L .t.... VK

L 1'2 K1)'1 J K[)'I
~ = 4"PR:l _ 4 PR2.(I_~) k'R
f..I1.P) =. t\1N/a..,1 ~L. ~L AYK
-.dl,?3 = L.2.3 mN
tL J·3 KO"* 2K04f
. V:: ~-Pl?:l.[i- rl._ (I-KaJ.tr1.]
'IAL R~ t.. '1K r
SINCE - 11"P..310l0 = -41P..1/Na.J-
Ali
i
Lu ma _ L .. :a. ';'H + L.:1-3 mN
g.Lf i(rlrx) _ rdP = 0
K D'f - K [)'12K()'I dr dx
46
'Tf.)(= ~ dVt :: ~ l: + c. lic. Va '1:1 0 @ yo =""'ROc.TT£R
dr dx 2 ... 0= e,Ro-S&
M
V.{:: -L. 4E r2 t S. .t.-c r + C;z
Va =(JRu'Nf~ @ r= 'RuIHER
lfA dx oM
B.C. Vx • O@ r co.Q. , ~ = V@ r =d w'Ri= C,R; -..£

A
:L ;z
C =# CiRca c, = wI<:
C, = -A r; -L.. dJ>( 11
R,-'Rc
k~ LV+ J6,.u dK D~_da~
d .
= G)~ r _ w-"RiRo
C2.= - 2 - dP ~_ C, kl2. Ri -"Ro I<\' -'"Ro
~A dX 'I .M :z
=w"Ri"Ro (r _ 1::)
F :: fA = rC1id .1) OR
.: F::. 17" d,uf} :L (V + ..L. 2,!: 1(0 -Rl 'Ro
d£..~ l! 16,M «x
c...J~i ( I - r"fRo )
d
&J I-K~~
(D~-cF») + d
~dx A LINEAR PROFI LE .'
8.6 1P.,; 207KR.·I:==::;j========@

- . 0.63501\
<D =. 0165"1<1
FOR CONCENTRIC FLOW IN #:: 1/10 X/O-& ~; ~ms
THE. e DIRECTION J Vr =0) Vg = F(r) JJ= 5"3.0 Ib"JR' =
'l'l'i. <t5lJ
~/,"3
Ire = A r~(Ve) a.) INVISCID.; USE BERNOULLI EQN.

d... ,..-; P. + V.Y+ ~ = B + ~~+. ~
P elf: '0/ 7 T / <
I
P,-~ :: £11'
=y2pP m=,aAv==w;o'"f 2jJ.AP
J
Pte Ar41i! Q= Av =1J]).'-Jj~P

X Fe 0 I P~ ::. ple.+c16
:II 1./ --r
7r ~eAZ'lr+t.r -,(,48621,. =0 b) VISCOUS" LAMlNARJ
SO THAT Tr = COt.lSTANT OR -!!P = "32,.u it· -dP = ~p
)l ri .4..(~) = C J d(lfG) =~ 4r dx 02. J dx L-
dr r"
INTEGRATION YIELDS:
r A (2-
v: AP D2.
T 32...u
~=c, ... -£
47
m= pAri =~7rO~ 41P 02. =1TD;..oilP
'I L 32r' lli Lp
=1J.2 B.c. Vx =0 @ y=O

UK =V @ ~=h
j~t ) 7 J 7 J; II
GOVERNING EQUATION JS c, = A ( v- 2:!: dP)
!L (~)( ) - JfP -= 0 C~=O
., .2"u. dx
dy dx =D =0 " d Vx )= 0 )
FOR N£WTONIAN FLUIDS IN FOR ~>')
LAMINAR FLO~ -;;x -=fol d ~ Y dY 4=0
dy c, =0
- - ' -d? tj~ 1- C, u t
• V C;z
dP _ 2).( V
•. x -:J"u d}( Z;"J
dX' - h~
ae. @ INT£R~ACf (@ y =0)
Vr =V:zz:
CONTUJUITY: dP + ~ (Plh) =0
'~r = ~XIr dt ax
~I dVg -=,I-{Jl d Uxrr MOMENTUM: dVK + Vt JI!¥ =:1 aP
dy d~ at ax fJ ax
5
1.1
til
T
'ieM
'f' S5'e",
g:p = ;11 d:l.~

+
dX dlf
\Ix =...L
2"a elx
~ 92.1" c1 Y + ~
M
@
1
BERNOU lLf f='ROM S TO I v)( =~ + CJ. Y -,.0'3 y~
P5
p
+ ~ + <3 i!s = P.P + ~ +
2 2 Q
r :2p
- J'
'B.C. (J) C, = -V
~ = 9.di!'- !t B.c. (2) C2 =: ~
P 2 A
l-IAGEN-POlSEUILLE EQN. FROM 1-
2 b) v..= - V-t ~~~'TJ(~J{~J]
c) Q= "'evA = -ihfv+ alr~
(NEGLE.CTlNG, MOM£NTUM)
Fa -~ = 32-" 11." = 11
L D2 L
- ~ h'"<:I"l cl~
32 .Ltv, :L :: f (9 AZ _ Va::1.)
2~ h J
0'1 L;u
Q= 1rD~Li," ~ = </Q Q=Uh-P9 h"! +~3
q) 7rD~ :2.u 6.,u
= 1iDl/ [~t.r ~] - vh _,.o:rh 3
121 G. L 11" 2 DA# :3).(
3./30 = Ve Cr) ~
?12
tv ~= ~Ve 4!'~ + Ve(r)~
dt dr dt
FOR FLUID dr=o:. dO': VeCr)d~
at di dt
d~ = ~ X'~. w = Ve ~2
P941X4!:1A~
dt } r
APPLY MOMENTUM THEOREM TO ~ = ~(-~)
THE ILLUSTRATED (LfMENT
~J=x =0
It-J THE UMIT dT ...... pg -= 0
de
:. -d \I I --
r
-e
U :2.
fl..,.
,..
2 d~ dt FLUI -;: -
D
~= -pg
dy~ ,Lf.
a.) "BOUN DA1W CON DITIONS:
@ <1 = 0 , Vx = -V (I)
@ I:} = h , 1=0 .: ~:~Ih =0 (2)
49
8.~ BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;
@ '1 =0 V=R52 .0. c, ="R~
@y =h V= 0 :. C2=R2-APh
.
h 2)lL
THUS
V=1?.l2(I-t)+ ~~"rr~r-*l
~b"/ FLOW RATE
/
-- - Q=i"'vd~= h (I \ld~)= l<n.h_
A"Ph
o
3
..b 2 12p.L
(NO PRESSURS CHANGE IN e HENCE AP= J~f L [~h - ~
DIRECTION ).
EFFICJENCY: (il~)
g.J!; CONSIDER"PASSAGE AS A STRIP '1.= "POWJ:R OUT = I' 62 P)
-POWER'N llR(L (-10))
To IS SHEAR STRESS ON FLUID
AT THE INNER
WALL,
CONSIDER FREE BODY OF -r;; 'S SHEAR STRESS ON

8.£MENT Y n,- IIy-t~-AX·/ THE INI\JER WALL.
z.~ =0 pi&'-I-I:';LF1A'(.1 70 =.",a &1 = ~~1l_ API,
(NO MOMENTUM IX - ~- X+~ - dy Ilj=o 11 2L
FLUX) Tty'.AX"
)(
THUSJ 12~(R.o.h _ Q\
(P\X -1'lX-rAX)AY +- Ci'f:S+.6'1-1ifj)6X ~= G. 113 2 1
=0 . .a~r;u1?.Q. +!1.!!'~ Ql
DIVIDE BY AX Ay f TAKE LIMIT Lh Zt~z-1
E' = d'P = f'B-"B.. _ to?
C1<j ~x L - T ~ = 12~ (1?~h _Q)
NoW '1=..udv
d~
50 Ad2v= Ll"P
d~:1 L
Sl.RjJ [¥+ tr~h -Q)]
SOLUTION IS V = C, +S'i + A ?y:2
2pL "(= EE.. ~~h -Q)
"R.Q.n [L.JRSlh - 6G.]
50
SHOWN BELOW' ARE THE' VELO-
CITY PROFILES FOR 3 CASES;
= - 1 IS MAX. Ei=1=IClENCY 'RSlh 3
=1 IS MAX. FLoW' @ ZERo

"'R.Sl h 2 AI=>
<1
h
I·
.6
Q=O
ruu, .
.tt
.2
-:(1 -.'f ~2 0 .2 .1 .6 .Y 1.0

V
-RQ
8.10
~QJTk"6~ ls-
(1~
~== 2J (V--P~PJ6
t::)
A}.JA~~ Of!" ~ta.c U 1m=;

~ A~~Y~mt;;
?~~ 51Ax::l5 T I-tG I\J s:r
5\
B,17 \V
1 8.\B
~ ~~ -- --~~I- l' k- \% QA-VL.-/ ~z LTIM)Z
A'SS'~ Tul: A1 1- rl' r 'rlrt.. 1.
" \L_ _. 1_ - _ L_I
!VET ~lC4L
t
. I
{
I
tr z ,,(e{~ik6+~}1-e(~,~)
~'T~ f1..vx.-
j
t ; Ar l
I"S~ SO Lf::tD ~ ~ 21v ~z ~
i:
W'+- 27f f( f A.t- -1'cr"r'l{ Lxi r.O
rt.(r r
~~
\II 2. S(j 111 ( Are

4Fra--rA~w::t lKG LMtT As Ar~o
J<A r --t d (rT):O
U dr
to ry ~ dU;lcir
(. "" /'\..-.. :.\ ~y'G i !1'""'~~o.lJ
L.Lb ~! AL,\J ,j~-,~_ VV'~~~.
'jCJ, t 1. ~ £L r%. a~~ "2
U'2, / dr-
AT ,-"z Q{ h 40;% ~
/ dr v
t.4US
pra: :z ~ ~e~n):'r)
1~004~ ~w Wrr'i q(Q)~
~v:zr7
Ufo % 2t(c~1h)\.~+~O-4)
52
CHAPTER q (0· \7) TELLS TH E ~ATE Ol='
CHA~bE "DVC TO MOTION.
'1.1
~D3
2
e~ t
c1r
r CONSIDER 2- DIM. PLOW
(I)
VOLUME = (1'2'XW)
+ &~~!.:dV =0 CHANGE'S IN
I - ( i2 )( '32) ./
[c~o.n)dA ~ PVr(~iI'"A(:;)lr"~H' 12 = AX~ 32 = Ay
1'21 = A X t [V)(J<tAXJ y) -Vx (X,'iU&
-l'vr(~r~e)lr +f'\l9(~r~Z)/GtA6
3'21 =4<:!+[V'1(X+U)y-tAY)
pVe(JlrAi)le +pV~(r~~r)Jz+4& - ~ ( X +AX J y)1 At
-p* (r"6BJlf)J z Q2x 3:2.) = AX ~y

L~ fJdV = E.. p(rAGtirJlZ) 0':2') (3~ ;).') =JlXJl~ + [V~ (X +t.~
de JJ c.v. at
~i-A'1)- V~(x+lI.)(J~l~x~t
5lJ8STITUTE INTO (I) I D'V'D~ -sy
(r A,edf'A Z~ TItEIJ TAKE' LIMIT i-[V1(XtAX,y) -Vx (X,!j)J~~~t

As Afj 6e~ A~ - 0
-1-[ ]At"
!.S-(rV,.) s
+..!.. ;>V + dV2 =0
r (' Y' d9 ac TIME RATE or: CHANGE OF VOLUME
q AT A -POINT
,. = Vx I" ,.. t
~
.2 V ~;c T ~ ~ V fC.~
z = lim ~V
dn ;}"..
t'7_~ fj
t~}+o AX'A~ .1l1t
y -
~1t.)C + ~ "''.1 t aZ eJ
~t
(0· V) = Vx !x(il( .e;r) + tI~~(~.~) VOL. CHANGE = dV~

+dV", d 'j G;)X
Vi!~( ez -€i!} = 'I-v
NOTE: ei' e~ :: 0 IF i.;I~ "BUT v· 0 = 0 FROM CO)ffIt-iUITY.
=, IF i. = i
:. (fi·V):: Vll'~ t V~~ + Vi! ~
53
42 = ~o + d r dO + de ;;0
a.) FOR SlW\ALL V; ALL TE'RMSOF ~(
dt ~ di dr" dt de
~ = ~V~ 1"
aVe p- + v. ae
%f + 0 +vv) ARE SMALL
t 'RELAnVE'TO THE' orHE~S
dr dr ,- ~ r -e r W ?RESENT.
-T Ve~ie
l,) F"OR V SMALL. I3UT V LJm6EJ. TH£
dr
"P'Rot>CJG"T at=' SMAll V AUt:>
~ -= ~ ~ +a\j~ +Vt"det"+ Ye~
2~ ORDER OF l-AR~E :; MAI{"BE
dB ae I'" ae ~ ae SI6~IF1C.AklT COM1=>AR~D TO THE
REMA/NltJ~ 7eRM5.
~'-'
,.. ~ = ee~ = 0
~-:= :;}er
dr ~e ar dr
(}e,. = - ex slY'et ~ case = es ~ = ~ - 1. V'P+ J V:2 0

()6
Dt P
SIM'LA~L'" 9€e, = 0, dee = -e
r
if T Vx~~ T ~~ = '3x -;~
() 0 ()
, d(' ';)8 + v'V':Z~
HENCE I :;}~v.
'V :2 2P
i'
Vx =~ = 1
~ = ;;Vr i(" -t dVe e ~'1~ ,.u 'dX
dr dr ar Q
A ~=J..~Cj+-C
= (~ - Ve)~r i-~~ t-V0 ~ dlj j.J. ~ I
=-L Q)P ':1 +e, <j t C:2 2)-'

2
~X
FoR Q.? To BE 'DV ; ~ = Vr
dt bt dt B.C. @ C:j = :t L ~ Yx ,0
de = w =Ve ~=O C 2 = -..L ~ L'J.
d+: r ~"" ~J(
.•. -:g2 ::. ~ -rIV('dVr- -t!!dV,. _~~ . Vx =..L BP (u';l_L;2)
;:?~ ~ .J
r
I..
~~. dr ~
rtr
~v. ~VB r V9JV t vr Ve)~_
g
'lr Jr r;;Je r ""'S
ct.S USUJ6 THE n",COMPRESS\'BLE

Fo'RM OJ::"THE NAVIE'R-CST~ES
EQlJS; D v =§ - V1=>+ vV 2
y
Dt" P
'V. V= 1.£.(w"R2 )= W'R:ld (,) - 0
r Ole r r- --y:- de r-
:. CONTINUITY IS SATISF/E!:>.
+'i]-()J~:)t 'J.~ VVx )

'i.jVp=:¥! + ~£t' = - V~
Dt ~ d<j ~~ ,.o[;~)( + ~ dVt! + V'jdV", + Vz dVi?l
-oV; (R, e9j~)= Pc ve-~~ x
~x ay ~i'J
=P - ~p - d I2 IJ/~ +;~+-~~
p
9
AT ~= 100)000 tt-) V= 20) 000 fps: ax cfll3'\=;lX'dCj 9r')J
I2£ = ~~ 000 s+-/s Po e.-
1I 91
. S" +.£...(,ud~) of- C1 (.u a~)+~ 1M d~)
DC- 22., 000 ff: a a ~)( ay (}X ~l ~ W
= ~ (O.OI06)~ = a ()o96 Po x
s
i-!x(M~)t~(Md~)+;0~)
tJOTF: \JHElJ 'V-v=0 } A 15
CONSTAt-lT "TERMS '

~
(; ).{ V- v) f '7. (M ¥X )
AR£ 0 AND TERM ". (~'il Vx )
'BEcoMES ).).'0'2 V.x.
'1./2
GIVEN: f ~(rVr) +~ ~: = 0
0.) f~ Ve=OJ ~(('v,..) = 0
.:
r"'Vr (e) =Fee) J Vr =F{e)
r
b) IF Vr =OJ ~Ve.:: 0
-;;8
Ve = fCr)
55
9./3 FoR THE INCOMPREsSIBLE
LAMINAR CASE)
rli:)
OV ".. 2-
J
Dt"=g-7+ V 11
FOR 9 NEtSU6~LE')
"D V== -yp ...
Dt I'
Jv:2v 9J5" COI>JT/NUITV: ~ t :x (p'lx) =0
VECTOR "'PRoPERTIES DETE'R- MOMENTUM: p (~ + V)C ~ Va~: :tf

f.lUAIm . 'BY V E VP l'cu ax) ax
~
wHIC.H
I
ARE IN"ITRDFPENDENT; i.e.

EFFECT. 9.1"
CAUSE i,
Usu:4TwG; .c ~(()kJ A~
.: MLJST LIE IN SAME -PLAN~
La') ~rTtVG 'O:wAl~ L1?~20
IN ABSENC.E
FORCE'S --
Dv
O~ V/SCO()S
.fJ
-V?
AND ~:: t< r) EC( E -~
y.!WS
Dv I:>t
- direction
~E'7E?M'NE'D 0"1 -\JP~ (a"- .~ v. ~ ai)
1¥or 'J
v
PWc+ 7ar +~+v,-r;
Dt +pg,+/J- 1
J HAS
=- 2
--a (av,)r- +, + ~2
Pes/TIVE SENSE 6lVEN ,
[
~
z r 0
,
"BV -VP OR DIRECTIoN Ot=' r arar
DE'CREASIN6 -PRESSURE -b)
SIMILARLY" ANY FLUiD.... '5TA11C

OR MOVINq....HAS nils SAME'
'N~WENCS
e I WILL MOtIF
oR
TEN'D To MoVE IN THE 9..17 A5$OM,W~ IN ~t&ea
DtR~CTION 01= D~CRf'AS/N<S
~WJ (bm(}.J()rrY ~ Yt6t.PS
'PRE'SSVRE • c)
rU"C :::.~~ l.J~GLS ~2~=O
E -4 TI!5U'S
9.1l/ FoR I-DIM STEADY FLOW;
Vx = VX' (X") V'1 == V = 0 r direction
z
p
' +v,av,- +v-.%t' - i +v, ¥Z)'
0 ~~
NEGLECTIN
g
9) rtt ar r 0 r
ap
z
il
=--+P8r+/J-[-(--( ,))+,a7{_~~+ij;,]
1 il i 1 , 2• i,
ar ar r ar
Iii? ryao
Pz
pVx ~ = -pof" 4. [1.lp~tf"J.{itx r
dx (jX <.it [~ 0.)( J oJ(

Tw~&~ 9.{9
~ (P~3lYi)~ Jqr £ ; - 5" '(fS. DS
2-
or 0 IJ direction
(iJv.+.LV'+~~+~+Vz av,;(
2 Pat /fiJ, "iJIJ /, Tz)
~IB
laP-+pg.+/L [iJ- (1- iJ (ro.) ) +,~.() +?2~+1z!JIJ .
Sf.t1(.oTw @ -lfe e,., ~
= -- a, , -iJ
1 iJ(} r ,
%
dt r ~ ~ &~ ~ %(je~O
tre :zfCr) ~ trrz~ -z0.
W~
U-sUKt ~-\6"~/~ T~
TJ.tt5~ \.-sTt«5 Lgr
~ % peJi e..(n~\
at or\: 1 ~~))
W~~(Dg ~Tf4tS E"nli£r-«»JS
~.
9_a? A~<.we: ~y t1..ow"
, direction
av,
p al
av, v. av, v/ + v
(- +v - + ----
' a, , aIJ,
z
av,)
az
~~~~J
~[.L d. (r LJ~)l -:. D
ap [a(1 a ) 1 iv, _2 av.+iv,]
= --+pg.+/L - - -(rv,) +,. -=aIJ ? iJIJ a?
a, a, , iJ, ,
dr r dr 'J
.LQ...(rtJe}=:~ ra-
r
~~
'tJe ~ ~I fur ..... Cz-
Ar Q. LYe ~ 2.12.-.1
/tr l4 L1 ~ I4. .a ~
lJe".!fe~n,t(Q:Q2Q~OJ~~.
r(' )..J?~~,
=1 ~ (rVe) - 1. ~
CHAPTER 10
r ;;r r C1e
Wz = ~V9+!(\h _dVc)." Q.£D.
ar r' I) ;]9
JO.3 d '1'= -~dx +vxd~
-(VQOsirtoc)dx +(~cosoc~
0/= -Voo(sirlol.)X + ~(coso<)~ + V'o
Ja'i V·O=1~(rvr)r..L~V9 =0
r ar (' ;;6
LET r Vr = ~lP ( r'~ 8)
()8
V'.O = J..r~ (tl) + 9Vsl.= 0
r Lar 'as O'6J
10.2 b...;;. ~
-~
(9'1' tv.J - 0
-~y- 9 -
.\I
•• viii
= -.g]J!
-ar
~ ~r t3 :. Vr = ~ ~: } Ve = -!f
tt~t
Q. E. D.
Wi! = ~ (0( +,s)
cAt. 2 5 3 2-
ifQ.r1-'1 (rv81rtAt"-r~I ... )

la~ rb 5 xY
lirK 1 -:: -- X. -
At... O r Ar B....
At: S~ lJ":z V 0/ J
{bsnJ.J<XTY
(V... le+A8 -Vr!e).Ai &l (s v..Gzo DJZ Vf-:'O
I
.At .,. to..n-
r'Ai9
Ust~ ~
J 2'1 + P.l ~O
IN THE' LIMIT,' TAN ~=Z ~'
ayJ/
G.;Z = li~ .J{r Vgl r+Ar - r ~ rr) \0)6 - '0 X ::30{)
~} .... ~ Ar
t.z lL ~ :=
2 Cl!P. :z 5~Z
x ~
Vr 18+6.9
rAe
- V... 19
a
r
5e
10.7 VI' = \'/oe CoS e (\ - ~~)
ALONG STA6NATlON STREAMllfltS
e=-~
Vr- = -\Jo,o ( l- ~)
/O.b IN CO~E d"P _ "v~ i.e. w- -p'IW
" -
dt'
- -tr--
r
- ()t
b) ~\lf' = - 2 tLo a.a 9Vrl _ -2lbo
Dv:-V:l.C,.
~r --;:-3) c:a. -T
ar
r
:
Of:
V= Vmruc i "00
?l~) - "P(o}: P UM~{"Rrd(' =e.lJttt2

1(2. Jo 2
I1?ROTATIONAL: (r ~ R)
'P + U2 : 'Poe, '\1=Vt'H '"RSo
p 2 P J
r
PoO - PC R) -= IZ u..,.2-
2
THU 5.1 "'Pot::) -1(0J -=,tJ \J w?· 10.9 "Pi" pU 2 = CONSTANT
:.
U
2
= ~fP =- ~ VtM=126f~
I~ ~ -=+>00" V
2
2
= Vo02.
,.0 .002<f
HENCE J \ Voa I -= \ vel:: 2 \b,
a.) MAX. WIN]) YfLOOTV = 126 t?S si)19
b) OSIN6 ""BERNOULLI sl~e =.5 .". e%! 30; ! ISOO
1=>00 -1=>
= !!~2: I'~~ (~ t-= IOpsf 10./0 a) <p =V... L [(::f -s:tJ
pUm2=3~ .... ~ :
"$l = J.q o= V rp = VX' €)( -r V~ e.~
'R2 20
f.::13=1.5' VlI == ~ -= :3 U ( 2_u 2)=a
;; )( ---e >f -' ;)u
SO T/rvtE % (31'.5: 131.5 = /.5'6 5 L-~ J
l? V'j -= BaS _ -6 Lbo )(9 -:: - ~cp

c.) IN CoRE B -= P-r ~J.=r:jP'; ~~ - L-:t ~x
fJ V2. = P\1'".r: -= :3~ r-t

Ra "R~
'IJ -= g
L2
~ ( ,.,2~
:3
_~) 1- f(X)
"Po =(2116-3i ) +-g~~

Po = 211' -3'l (I - t'.t/R~)
'" = 3 VoC) X.l. 5 t- '1(~)
La
VARIATION = '3"'8'Psf
59
WHEN '-P=O j '1=0 OR <j W~£N ~=O ) .
=!".J3 x
x
----l-----":~~x
4/::0
¢= u,,¥! 10.11 Cf= 2r35ln~ J ~ e:J ~ '# 0

=- t} ¢ = u., 'j -= ~ ~: D (Se~ fc Vf(: )TUQ) LQ 'f~~
Vx
3
ax T ~g (6r9A~04~ +~~) ~
~= ~ = ~X' = -~
afj 1: ax ,2: r~ 1~ ASQ-ULtS
¥= ~ u
2
+ f(:xl ' 'P= -\.lx, )(.1 +~(u) 2s~~
2L :l I) - 21. \.J
8/~ r ;'PLar
'('
WHEN 'V=O j '1 = :t X

'1'=0
t- 0 -= lf r$ln9 + Q S
------~+H~----X
lO.t2-
tD
2i
¢; = Vca L 1M ( )(2 +~~) 6'( OeFlAJlTr61J r~OJ ~ If'! ~>o
2
Vx = VaiL 2x _ d lJl
f:ao Is-W& lwe. 8=6 \.e:Tltl;
2"" )(2.+'j2. - Olg ~v,;; \( Ax,$'. ~ li_~O (f"~ ~
VCj = VooL~ --21 G:;irrTo L~) I OIJl;
2 X~2. - - ~x GB"~ Yzee ~ \2~ Q.
St, 0 '(
Zilttl
'I' = ~ ~o.." -f(.!i) + f(x)
2. x x r ~2IilMit(.a \
e-+o ~w.e)
IV = - ~ L ~~ to..,-'(~) T <3 (<j)
'IJ= Vd)L[tcl~tl(t)-io.n-I(~~
CONS.TANT
/3~VRCE AT ORI61N !.p= Wte -p + tpv::t =
p2Tr
'Poe f p uc%)~ = -p f pV2
m == SOURC.£ STRE N6TH t' i-
FREE sTR EAM tp =Vc:o y O~ TUE HUT v= 2 (/a:I 'SI'rtlt
TOGETHfR tV= Va) g t-

211"1'
~e
P="Poo t-! PVoD~[t-l{'5;",~e]
Vr =! ~tp =VcO C05e +..ttL F ~= ro £t'lleo2E-l/~;n~~ +45;~
,.. ae :.27Y'r
~~ r'sine 'R~'rle de
F~ = 2 f' 14' Rr'LSin~e-~iYl~Iv\~
Or' =0 @ $=11
(;) de
AT a =71 r= ~ _ Q.
zrrP l.4x,- 2'ii~ F~= 2.Rp~ [j- - 2'5," 2eoJ
lall.{ As ~iP = pDv =0 WHE'N
Dt
10.16
=pBft V(~2)-o. (V'xv~
/WD FLOW 15 STEADY AND
lR'RoTA-
TJONAL I Vp = - P \l (~)
OR v?= -p vVv ~~TIDkJ 1blJ:r'S tLc~
BUT AT STAGNATION PolNT v=o S~ Bv QacLe.5.
HENCE vP=o
10./5'
LIFT FoRCE : F~
d,cj = d 1= ~iV1e
= CR -~ t ." mosiY\ede
'..
1~lae . t'ov ~10'.e) '"'
(ir
F~= Jo (1=>~-BYR'5IY\ed8
FROM BERNOULLI
EQUATION
61
f
h.
-I.1~ ___~--L
~5~ )6
Sr.tq.u..trl~ 'G/\Xj
<1- lfa>rsut6 + ~
2'rr
_g..~AnClJ -g,AJT
O=-~D ¥1~s (Jr: ~2D
lJ: =..Lo~ _l.(~ + I.[r~\
r rW r 2IT ~ Y
0: ~ - LJtp := - If. ~v.tb
e:> or c:IO
~10 e~1T) ra:sn =k=- Q.

n~
S, Ar ~~JJA17o.~ VDlAF
)("Z -~ -= - l.~ :::- D.02~j.t-\...
'(:() Z'i1tTll) Z'il9
tf= - Ie( ~ r ) ue = ~ l.J~6,lJ b. &py lJ~(Gl~
Z'ti 21Tr
Ol2(qw 15 Itr \krtk: . Sr~N.crm ~1...Ll& l.5
.~ ~ f(1,o) ~ K ~ K. ~-:! I5QDrStnTI + Q1I -z ~
2it Z
Z'ir(2a) 4~a.
~ . ~vs
Lfe (-.:tJ 0) '" -I(, e~ ~ ~ ~ rSUA<9 +-~
4tT<l 211
A~ If(a,O): -1 e WH~ e:1t~ rSUA8=y:z..
47f(l. tf i?.J~ -~)~ $.0.007"1
s;'~ 'f -= +~1r
VO#!J'Q(. ~ - t:t. 2.'iT
G2.
A.7 Lt~s?~6. ~ ALL Tf«; h.olV
b~AT (,)0" W~
Q=~(2h)
h:z ~ = I.q z D.Cf>33W\
2o-lt) 2-S
d ~ tv1Axl),AJ.,W) ~ ~
'0,22.
\.EIlMM~ '"V Ple)
ZE,=O ,.GlT,p. ' GT
d
11 O-I:tr - ~ 1'P 5 Ilt8d9 =0
o
1/: ~TM +~ J(~:-U1-~ LJ:-2'tsm,.g
«
Iff"'~D ~M~~')p.jlf2Ijfs2eJ9
I~T ~ (~. -~A\1t'\'D +.2. O{y"z.. V
.,J' ,j (, J ,LV
~O\za 1.257~N
T ~ 10.\ IzN
CO"RE 6 Ra./P (P.I 'OJ w)
CHAPTER"
fI.r 1) (1..) cv ( 'Ii;)
p (MIL') Q (L~/tJ
H ( L) n (MLYt3)
2 "P
9 (L/t )
i = rt- r =- Z - 3 =S"
CORE ($ROUP (p I "OJ w)
1l;=t1 (8Y INSPECT/ON)
11; =fQ, DbCJc H ~=~
11.2 (LIt)
V
D (L)
(MIL')
. 5"-'3: 2
P
t=
CORE GROtJP (D, V, p)
n; =D c4. Vb fC,)J.; 71i = Ai _ 1-
r;rvjJ - 1Rc
7T;. = DQ, Vb pC: e ; rrr; = L
I>
11.'3 ~'P (M/Li-a) D (L)

P (M IL3) 3
Q (L /-t)
w (I It.) )A
(MILt
)
t: 6-3=3
11:= A'P
r;r; = pa.. DbWC.~""p ; BY 'DIME:.N SIONAL ANALYSIs:
112 -= I fJDV ='DQ.w pC 'P b
pq Db w Q j G
~=~
I = La. (Vc)b (MIL~t MJ: ~
'O'3w
17; =f'a.. Db W c,,.a ; ~
-c3
77;= '-t=-5'" b:. -3J c=-I
PDaW
tjI
I/.¥ :. 7(, = _:Po.--_
T 3
,ow D5"
FaR DYNAMIC SIMILA'RITY:
I
~
L
'"P ( -- P
BV GEOMETRIC 3
p4.)3"C~ model - ,aW D6 proh1:'jpt
~=[~ ·?f·jff.r
SIMILAR/TV:
d =.J2. v= J. V
.I L 3 3 I 3-$'~
7r =..L 'Tl'D'2.L 1)~ _ 31 _ 3d
cl2J = (3.3-~/"3j3 = 3-2/q
i/ 3'4 d2 L - 13"
- :. l . )p: . O. 'T13........t ----- 1:,)
. ~:: (3)~ :: J.I./l/2'"a.)
tC4
11.5" MODEl "PRoTOTVPE Cmo.x 0( f3 M L fJ 9 1<
D D ,,1> MOo I 0 I
V V 20 knots
20 00I -3 ,
p p p tOO0 0 0 -2 0
).t A M .: ~ = '3 -.....------ b)
F /Olbf F
A (bD)2
1)2 l= n-r'= Z-3=S
FOR DYNAMIC 51 MILAR ITY ; .: No. OF" DIMENSIONLESS
G'Roups::- 5' -~. -------
~'" =1~;p ) Dvpl == DVfJ 'iT; -= 0<, 112 =/3

( =M LJ., ~ c C¥MX
'IT3 0.
,u rtf
A- ?
I =M~ Lb (LlP')c
M L)lt ~
~:: Vp(~ . fI;. .¥t)= 6v p
a. = -1 J 10= -/ I C = -/
1TS = C I'Mtl.X
, I I
.: v~ .= I 20 Krto-t5 a.) ML~

11~ = 1::1-
1lq = ~Q.Lb~cf ;
ALSO FOR DYNAMIC 5IMlLARm' 175 =
71S = twf' Lb~ c 'R ~
£u.~ =EtA?· "R-c.)
L
ELA-I - fAI 11.'1 IRe = L V J, = I '2..&, ~L .10-5' ,..,4-
p U2 m- ; V" ?
(}t. %. ti)=
1) "llIa.,.... . oJ 70 5
r?:: F,.. @ 2iOK (~'1.6°F)
F~ a.)~ASE'D O~ LEN~TH
I 3b J.ri. = (r:s.'1X22.2)(/OS)=9.21_'cP
J.'3~76
. Fp = IOlhF
"BASED OW ANTE NNA DIAM.
Re. = 6.1/ ./0-

3
(2.2.2 )(102-
/I.' VAR tABLE
1.3¥?6
C~o.x
0( I~ ;16" (1.97./0'1)
S '/::a. U4
M /1.1 JI. = COIJSTANT .."., p
---
L
p
~L
'-m Lp
9
1<
11.10 NAV/ER- STOKES
= ~; =0.1
EQUATION;
Dv = Q _ vP + )) "12 V
V-p 'Dt ..J
P
--. \1"", = _31 b NONDIME'NSJONALl2JNG;
MODel SPEeD = 31. 6 dlo OF
VC)C)2
DO ~ ,.. P' I ;2 r7"~
S?E'ro O~ FULL SCALE SHIP. - - #' = S - VoO v r"
L ~L;:"'P~--
Dt
2 2
+ J Voo V'.,. 0:/1
11.9 RJR SIMILARITV ReM =~FULL. La
DO~_ 9L v¥p*
SCALE
T£MERATUR£ NOT GIVEN,! J v~ o~
-- -- +-
ASSUME 'H o = 10°C
2 Dt* U~2 L~
JH,. = I. 3x/o-6 W1~
o
~ = ..!.. - V~1l'~ ~~ fj>Jf:
'MR = 2t;OC Dt Fr 1t?e.
JAlR ~ ,.":>(105' ~ 11.11 SYM80l.. PIMEWSION
LV I -L vI = 2.'1'l>C10-6 wsl
.u. -,
vFI.s.
J
~ LF.s.
~ MASS TX COEF. K Lie
J - IT .. ,..- L 'DIffUSION CQEF. D Lo/t
~ h~ .J DISK DIAM. d L
VF,s. m
6
ANGULAR VEL a.. \/t
U = 1l,·2.4Cf·/o- .q :: 122.3~ DENSITV p M/L3
m /.3 ·10-" 5 Visc.osrrv » MILt
K D 0.. M
M d P
L
U 0
2
0
I
0
0 -3
I
-: )
t -I 0 -I 0 -)
r:'3.1 V1=b, i.= 6-3=3
77;= d/o..~pnk; ~= K
cia:
~=..D.
c 2a
l
<"i73 = olAa. Vp~. rrr;=~ =_,
(K.. J;L
J
f'd~o. my
4
) lReJ) = 0 .. a.
I'" I
F"l. = .0262
h )
F.S. ,. da. d o.
VAR II 0. AND/oR d
Tl-IEij ~oR FIXED VALUES oT: ~
'RoT I:>Af;1Q. vs. ~a... b)
IU2 SYMBoL PIMEW510N Jl.1L( M L t
V\ 0 0 -l
FLOW RATE" Q. L?/t L 0 \ a
DIAMETER 'P L 1) 0 \ 0
5HA~SPEE.D N \I-t P \ -3 0
VISCOSITV A MILt: T \ I -2
2
5U<F. TENSION
11"; = L/D , ~ =~"J.pD2
0- M/t
DENSITV P MIL:!. T
o 0
:. nD'W= t ( LID)
I
o -/
0 O'R V\ L Yf -= f (LID)
~YM. PIM.
r =3, r'l =b J
L=b-3=3 II.IS"
COR E" G Ro()~ -= P N1) POWER P M L2/t 3
G DIAMETEJ< 1> L
11, = p a ~ 10 D C Q ----=-ir, = "ft:>:' RPM w \ It:
'112.= p~NbbC,L{ _11'2=pND~ VOLUME Q L~/t
"M DENS\TY P M/L3
113 = p~NbDcO"" .-113 =pffiD3 \I'ISc.oslTY M MILt
r=3 Y\::.6 L=6-'3=3
" J
CORE (f\RDt)? : "'P"DP

1o ~.1:...
~ =- P"''Dpc. W II. =pD~4i
11./3 tt\
0
L -t ~ =-pa.DIIa pc Q 'IT = ~
M 0 0
M-rn 2 P <;(3
,
'D- D I 0
L p
P-
m/L3 -3 0
9- l/t2 9 0 -2
(7 -
fV\lt:1 r:r 0 -2
BV INSPECTION tLl6 FOR DYNAMIC SI MlLA'RIT'I,I
)
~ :.lRe. Fa L...L ScALE
. tFlM == UF.S . LF.s. JM

\.- r\\ J t=: '5 •
VM =60~(~)F.10~ = 2LfO r)'\ph
2. 10-5
67
/I. 11 AS5UMIN:S /NVISCID
EQUATiONS)
DO = -tiP +PS Dt
MAKIN6 EQUATION DIMENSION- 11./9 I=R =~~) r = &.
LEss: V := +(~ )t ~ I ~)
mode.! ~(( SCAle
t£o L L ~2.
:2.sr""/s
OR JL = f(>< t~) L O.lfl n\ !2. '15" ~
45'0 rpwt
'f;L L"J L
~)5IZE"
=2 "" =.005~6 ~
"360
VE LOC 1r _ \J ~ v"" =~ lM = O.qc;q V =671~'.~
lTV V L I J::S. ''5
~-~ F.S. F.e;.
Vm: ~~IA60
=. 422 ~/5
TIME- t: Uoc = canst. a'R 1: - 1:.

L '1.0
t*- _ L ~ - Lw.j.Le. -.l-
wt
f; - L P Vry. - r; LW' - J1. <i TH-~05T: EM =E~.s.
tltt:: ..!1:. 1,,. = 3~ Hti..,.
If.t:t
~~a ) Fr:s. =F)I\ p v~\ F'.~ Af'S
pv:L\to\ PrM
FF.S. :: 2'lS (,. ql./)(-..-L )2(:2.ct 5'12N
II.JZIRe. mode.l -==~ 'Pl'oto~f:e. \j.q'l .'10<} ~- .~I j
I'M =ArM. vp L? A FF.s. = SZJ '300 N

PP VIM L.W\ ?
OR '"Pw - ToRQUE:
= 1)401 )1"", vp Lp ~
M Q --= FL :. QF:s. = QM(F"• .v LF.~
Tp ,up v-,.., Lm FMA LM
QF.S. % 20 (5'~30D) (-:2.({~)

:ailS . £/1 )
25',5"/1 Nm
1\.20 1\.2'2. a (/v\A: ) )1- (J.vLT)
IN he$r~NT(,~/~ Is W~
J lM/L~) V (Lfr)
g W=-\7f+)AV?ll~ -I)
f.!1t$(~
d(L) V(L)
~ I \~
l£~ o-~ ~ u-/~;\t~ v;,-l/L
__ .\_ /_ \ f. r7 •.,r;:?.y<
\~~ ~ ~L.-~Lb..JI'" v.uy
Ou;~AtJ\C
-
r
ilt:
"-
\
,let::5~,
QY.E.. ~~z~~+31~~-l)
J L/I/ n.+-" «.~(5c::Z)W' C 7D ~tVt~ l~(O~) I tv5
o!.-Il·..
~~AJ d J
l~
Oy'1)
T ~ GrO D="THE ~ vrry YD )
~}./\To mt. hpzn~ -rt~t ls .J-i~~
/
X> 3~ ~~ i\\l-g W~$

D) ~) V f() ~7 {JD~V 7,
1ilu:; J
JIr = ,~/ :lEi. ) Gli'l
I \.Z I
E 0't cfr2-J I (L) D
'I\ /«- 'j'V")
S (M/k 1
t (T)
..
)
1\_'25 5StEW VA2L~
TIJ~ Is ~ 9IMENSt:)N~"5S
A? (r!Lz.) ?(~-t!LZ.)
q~u? t=.t L ..
Q( L'L/t; L (L)
-
~rS Q(L) r2(L)
We.~ 1,. , "'\
f'S.,.
lz.EtIs @ net-I)
T~lJS T~ ~LD £Sf; 4~~
~ug
4r ~ Z. tzEt VIA {~(D(;; WE UA~o 0/. 2i ~
'\) L e
12_ ~ cit S "8 r4 6JLt ~r j
/0 . A.
J;.. ~N h:X7C~
.-7
/:4\ .i"2 5 It
~ ~H.&) L. z ('?/~ Q 6.111;, , i.Mr Grow
m~ d:4:~t~ A- Yr~/z, ~TAl.V~Q - ~Qh
~~---~-",-~~-~
69
CHAPTER12 1)= ~ pV2 PI ~=.l(.OO23?~JJr([;g"'AJ
2. 4 12
2
J.?bb . 10-S'"Cn V Ibof
v= 1ReJ __1R.e.(.ISq)cIO-?)
15 l.bS /1'-
= 1.'5"61R~
3
10
V fp~ 1<e CD Dlbf

J.{3~ ?l5"0 .1.11 .021
So
?5' .If? .
122 "DRAG = ~ pv2AR C]:) SO 611, ?'19
100 Xb,505 .lft .0'03
Df =.!.pV2~C-r 12S 108, J3J .11"1 .130
2 ~L>-t 1,0 J 29,759 .lIb . ,'Z
~ (. 002 3"Y1!rfa)(293.33/"(ito f 115' 3
• liS'
200 1'T30/0()I) . '311
21100 (.011)(.75') Ibf 225"
2S() 21"/262- . '10 .li~2
=202b~)(~O~p~} Ib f 2"15 25'9, ")15 . lin

3CO ;"3
a) WHEN p=. 000 'T3? ~IUlj5/r;p. 325 ,-ZI/I'I2 .2 ·373
350 302" ':;{/4 .I .21&
V= 500 ""P'1 lfOO 31f6, 02.1 .08 .220
Of ::'3Q21./ I~t ( 5232 hp)
WHE~ P =A, (SEA L.EVEL)
V= 200 mpk
Df = 202b llof (IO~ hp)
/2.3 SPHERE IS SIz.E OF A GOLF BALL

1ReC.R\T1CAl. == 2· lOS" 100 200
\.J -h:>s
300 '100
AlR @ 20°C J= }.1/9·/0-5' mys

5 12 S" ~ TRANSITION c:: 2:/05'
~D= 2./o'ii" V= :;'10 ..;2, :
l/ / D
~x =~ J X = JJRe.TRAf.ls
If=:J.·/o'!i . f.'19·/0-~ = 70. 9S Wf/S V V
3
l/2·/0-
X = 1.l.Iq -/0-;; .2. ·/os = 0.099 vYt '30
12.l/ GOLFBALL SIZE SpHERE 12.6 F/UD V~ @ [[)5E OF B.L.

v~ =~ ( Jxl.OO )~ ('It'-of)'1. =5 12.9 Vx = C, +~ f:j + <:3 y~ + C"f ~3
Va-
OR ~ = 2~ (IO-8.2?92)= 0.1" "BOUNDARY CONDlnoNS:
~ v;Re;c
(I) V)( f)} =0 C, =0
3
T= loo"F JAiR =O.\ll·16 V't( (F) = VxF
HIs av~ (d) =0
lRe.)C = x,\VtlO:: X"'gg. =~O/S76 x" ;/':1
v \2·. Il) '10.
3 VA' ~~ T ~ dVx == -JP +..M~
dX" ~ c::tx 9lj:l
x" 'IRE-x v~ -Ff/s
.s 2/)J2~ 0.5"32 '1=0 .. v)( =V~=O
J 'IO,S":; 0.376 :. ;)2Vx/ =..L 4P = - I PVooa'4
2 '61,031 O.U6 ~ ':S.2 'j=O ~ dx ;a cJ.x
:3 121,5'11 0.211 ... - ,
FROM 13ERNOULLI EQVAnONV
:. ~ 2 VXI = - \/00 cJ. Va1
d~.2 ~ =0 ~ d.X.
~$ = C
2
(i) t C3 (iY- t C~{Jt
FROM (2) 1= C
C2.+ !>+C,{
FROM (3 ) 0= Cz +2C3 +3C'i

2
X" }=RoM 2
(~) -F dvao = 2C3
J ~X
12.7 NO, "BERNOULLI's EQUATION
_-. Vx =- ~..1 _1 (~)3
IS NOT VALJD IN A '"REGlON OF V1(S 2 $ ;a E'
SEPARATED FL"OlJ. + £2 ~(~ _ 2(Y)!f!!~)
4J dx lJ 0 It}/
/2.10 \Ix = a. sin bg

Vx=o @'jzO
Vx = Ve:%) @ ~= 6" v~=
a. S;r1bE
~VX =0 @ f1=d
~~
o =Co-sbd:. bF='%:. a = '.100

1J
12.1/ VJ.= 2 V~ ~
Vx =VE Sir11T!i = 2VQlX SlYlltl;&
:2E it u
p=~o - 2pt&,2 SIr12B =~-2"oVC: ~
2
= -L/PVaJ x
dX 0.. '2.
- d"d'P= To + ~.(dpV/' 0.'1

dx· ux Jo
-Veri)~ pvxd~
~ = II d vx \ ~::o == 7r)J. Voa>:
o r ~ a. d
~ (" EPv)(~&~ == ~p v"'~\t (dX '2.
ax )0 0.
2 dx)o
,_ eos'Ti::5Lr dg
- 2-
= 21' Voo:2 d (JX'J.)
0.
2
c&
Vs ct)~ p V" d~
= 41' Voo2 X cI rax"SiYl7i~ d~

0..
2 dx Jo :::zE
~p Vco-:J. >< i.. (d"x)

2
'11 0.. dx
COLLecrrt-lq 'iE'RMSj
4p"&1{~x) = qreU ~ ')(+ 2I'Voa2d(&~
----------0.) a. t 0. :z
.: 8" -= ttxo.lS.... Q. :1 olJC
zpv«!..?)( d- (bx)
~ 7rc..'" &x
"fret $)( = 11A ~,I)Val"Xo VQ:l'X T
a.E ?~
YJllof-$X + d clr~p vco~)C,... !PV~ ~
'1ic..::1 -ax[ a.~ ~o..:i.J
IN LIMIT AS )(-+0; dS ~ 0
a)(
12.12
12.13 FOR THIS "REGIME) 1<& <:103
11771/11111/11//777/7/7 1I?e.= Dv @ 60GF J:zlL{t·IO-S"~2.
;( X'+dX J - J S
XF~(( VXpCO·n1tAt~i(<< ~~dV
Jlc.s. oti).4C. v.""" "Re. =oba Y ; ~ =I J '1'::0.001/6
~5 ~=\asI '1'== \.1"3 Wo/s
g~=PJ"I)( -RtI)(t"AX
.: 0.0016 ~5 ~ V < \. \"3 ~/s
-tP}X+.4X +r1x (J1X -J/ )-1; AX
-----:2-- tAX x
f1.s.vxpev .~)dA -= L[pVx:ld'1\xtAX
AIR. @ ~o·1=
-Lip V/d~\x - VOJ(~:f Vx ~~ IXtAX V = 1.5"9 ·10-41 er%;
R~ = (O.'2/12)(OZ) = Q220
- tdpvxd'j}x -V'joAX) 1.S''l·/o-4/
, FROM 'F16. 12.2 CD ~ 1.:2
I
REARRANGING f D1VIDINq "BY AX: Ft>: /'3 '0. .2 )(1.2)(O.O?6lfXIT):J..

l~ 2· 32.11Lf
-'P\X+AX-'P'~ JIXtAX 1" (Pi XtAX \
~X 2 =.SOII"'f- .: Ft> = . S'Ollhr

-1'\ pI -XI1)(tAX -~IX)-T
~+ I)(. AX 0
2
j:pv/dY\XtAX - S: pV/dlj\x
~x
-veo i! pVx d~I)(TAX - fa!' ~d,:!~
+Voo~o
IN THE LIMIT AS dX - O ~ ~ J; ....~..-------- ~
-a ~ = To +I(,,~. + ale ~~ pV:c!~
b) VX:' aSlvt 6j "B.c. V.,.(lJ =-Vx[
_ \/, 4.(c3 P~~
CD ~)o ~ =51r1 rtr;:i ~:x (S} = 0
REPlAC1NQ J'f =1x (J VCXI~ VXd 2~ .:J
FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
WHERE Vx$ = 2 VQ') 51"(\ 'L
0. }
VxJe2._ 0.'11j)( 5" ~

T - V)(~ 0 V,,$
s: Sir15(~)d~) =¢ =fS\Y\~~ d~
_ - Si\1 'I~ cas ~ _! co.; ~ (Z +Slrt2~) 2'19 /s
5 ,s IRe = IQ.l ::: VD
=. ! - J. cos. ~ {2. + S;r'l~~)-SiY1\cos~ J
15 ,~ 5 U = (IQ:1X ISq'IO-~) = .IS fps
=~ ~ - G?s ~(gtq5in2~ t3sin~~] I/l/~
THIS INDICATES THAT THE
~Gl2= o.'1f[1-cas~('irl5in:li T3~in'l~li EXPRESSiON t5 VALID OVER
,) (2XI5) sin'x s;Y\~ A WIDE 'RANGE O~ VElOCITIES
a: 0..
(AT v= .ISfpsJ IT IS Nor VALID)

et.=: o.47)~-casl (~tL('Sil! +3~j,,«*~
~ VOl> Sil"l6~
a. 12.1'E D -= CoA ,oVco2.
2. 2 =.S -(2. '29 XI.
VxJ;2 2 Va, sin ~ 22G)(30)
:2
As x-o dR. x«a. j 631.1'0 N
74
POWER = 30m (631.10)= 1095"o.Q\V
s
25". '1l1p
FoR b 'hI/s HEADWIND
12.22 3
1D = .S-(2.2~)(1.22b)C36)2.
2- W=VV= t~VCoAJ2
'109. 6'1 N
PoWER :. 30 !t1 (qoq. 6'i ")
s
fo" :: O.CXJ2(9i9 5(~/fP'
=2721''1 W = 36.b hp ?ttO~ =6. ll'220 7
FOR 6 Y)1/s TAILLJ1ND a -, ~ ~
lD= .5'(2.2'1)(,.2.2')(24)2- W=~ .2b'R·ttJ (lOZ."1).?i(25.i3J
£!2:)
2.
: 19.~ Yp
;;: "I (j/. 2. 'HJ
'PoWER -= 30 ~ (L104.2Q ~) b W= gEE ~:: 15.70 tr
:::: 1212<1 W =16.3hp 5>0
12./9 L= CL ~ pv2 A IZ.Z3 -? "l
~\ F 6
;;: a4(1.22'}(~4.7)2('2.2'i) <.:Ay T=UJ 'v -p"? O.{{i8·fO ~

~ CL. ~:: '{Q:: 139.3 '2.~IiL
::: 1122 N =
f
2~.2 \b D,I~-{6-3
12.:20
D'R A6 = ~ P V2 Co A~ = 2f)2, au I ~ %0.4
FOR EQLJAL DRA~ AT TIlE
b_1kt~ ~ = ~ SN'LC't> A12-
SAME S"PE ED <;A6R= Ct,AI~ATE
<'Mi='0 - ??~u..~~(··_/~
Ct)A~ = .5"(2.2<1 ,..2) -= 1.''lS"M~ .) - . __ C)\...... ~if
CD APlATE = \.01 .'iTt> 2. ["iRe. > \0'4]

'1
JD:: o-lZ8I.16(1~.33}i"-ID7
.: I> -= l.20J ~ 2. i44
ID :? 0 .42 l~f
12.2.1 JI)::: Co A t pV4 C. LAMiJJAe ~LA$J2.
=1.I1(irlb)i (.oo23nXI7(,)2 (As D'5d..~ krYtr; END
'at:~ 12.2).
It.2.4 :} 1~.2S
'2..
J}~ 0.16.1 ·/0 ~~ . S'T4rlTtN~
lFT:Z~fV ct~ .. C~ ~! I V~44.7~
AT ~ -r7.5·'cf I Va 92J~ frs
2- 2
L =: 5(\'2~(44,7)1.Q) (2.29)
1Dz~~V ~~~== V 0/$,@
-z f. 8CIE tJ (W~ (~a::of\-!)
J
~.J64 V CD 11>
7.5 gz.lB ~ .072- If.2~ W: S~ Ot; = o. 52~'b
10 12'Z.9( A6 .1014 L= W~ ~gV'2,A~CL
'B4.% .47 .(~ Ae 2 ~.B{ 1~1. / C,-:% O.
224
2.{) 2'45.82 .44 .128
Z5 307.l7 .10 .16k,7 ~l)5 gQ ~ Ll42
V
ilk lb .Qz{5LO~:: 240 @at/s
~Too kApID.lIJ.t ~TQ\E..
/ Is O.372s.}J~ lY
;' Slt1(X)Thl
(~12.4) Qw~~ Is 88.5.
I
1/
.2 /
122'7
I
f S~ U-Y(k',D)iG ..Tm;
NAVl6Q- -~~ ~ At-
T~ lJtu 1-
/
JL ~ :d?-tJ(Uf~
8y1 .r~d)( iJ( Y20
1b
~A~\3
I= ~f\J~~~jh/(Ja>
I~ .. '
ls- lYm M5W WIND ~
%
TI-lOS
~~·~W~5PmD ZI?e :%.lJ~ .lY~~~'\~'L
12e2kjJ.a:me~y O:(1~3r)
12e=~ I.,O.I (Iae~ 2:91t0e i~~

128 % (~+Vt~~+tft.lf:'
15.3 2CJl3A:z 044~ ·{o'2. cPs
z ~ ~(lfa>-t-~~tr:(trm~V) -1.
- 1 . " -- - V~d.>* ~ ~-k2 =- 14524 ftk
4- ~ ~ l5~ L +- lSi,t. o.44It3!t~ ~
T~(p
v.~ os O~C:1~ _(O.-t; !t~
~~t~tJ... V)+ l( ~~J".. ~')
V45 ~ '~57 _\O-s .ft~
Tug Clt~ ~ TD V (S
a.~" ~7ft(z)(r4S2) ~14('87
t.~,.~( V~2'(JtDV) t!>.~i . \0- t;
I
lW~dN fu ~mLt; DJZ

ak.1?O ~ \
~vt;_~~T~ 4}ffi)
KWl5Tl~ ~tt &-r~ T~~R.u~ b~ £ ~
z 1\7_ (§\ ;: S 7m
rlD I.S7/ )
~Nor-~.
'~:2.
NOTb.T~-rUi; Buz. ~
Nor 'Stow ~1Z.L~ \)J
155
77
x 1Re.x dLJ~ ~~ G4't1
0 0 0 0
.I 2·1()5 .111 0.321
.5" .2«19 I. Jt'
I .352 2.0'3
2 .'1Ql 3.SQ'
'I TRAHsmON Pol NT
I
~=2'ltfi
= J+n
FOR TURBULENT FLO\J~
d'_ O.3'g1 IF Y);: 1.
X- (""Rc).2 /
f.JAR ~
--
I 2. x
X, me~
13"'7 v= Q == .~b
= 0. 3'1 Hot/s
13. S' ~L = Lv = (Y2)( LlO} = \-:l~ ZOO .7 A l((.u;)4.
J} .Isq .,0-3
T
CALCULATE ~t f Vt ~
0.) TlJRBULENT FLOW
-2
r: J~
Cfx -= O.OS?6 J
( ';f2(x) 0.7. 1';;'= a 022 5'f V;< ma.x --~--
VXmAX ~~
FOR THE Y7~ POWER LALJ
efL = J. (L CL ax =O.o!;".f' (L -0.2
L..Jo TX L(Tr2)0 )( c; v= o:Z{? Vmo.x ("PRoB. '-1.12)
{x . VW\~ :- O. £f 16 t\1/s
~h1o..x == t:J. 07!J WI J ':::110- Hil)S
b
~ H~o
LJ )-V _ I
\'vxmc..x ~tl1Q.X' - I3.2ct
0.07-2 == 0.006"07
JO.l/51 :..jJ;. = O. '{It, ~.022!; = o.ori'll!!
D'RA6" =2(bJ P v2A Cfl: FOR 2 SIDES p 13.2' s
LAMlNAR SUBLA YE"R
=(O.~2373X I600XI.5)CfL
~+= ~ijJ ~ ::: 5
s.;r4L =0.0392 lb.
J
LAMINAR FLOW
= tj+)1 = 0.292 n1m
eft. = (~~Y2 = 0.00375
~,",(p
DRAG = 5. ?CfL. :::=.0.0214 lb.
b) 'BUF"J:"ffi LAVI:R ~ M ~
30 > y+ >S' .: ~~)C = I.?SI./ Mtti\ AY q PV~'2. ~f'V~3
0 0 0
= 1.~'2. ~tH .~:z • CJ()l/ .2S1
.ofq .1./92 .3f1S-
c) CORE .126 .5S3 .4112
1'5"-I.?£" = 73.25'"......... ./68 .601 • ~6b
.2.10 .6QO • 5/2
.:25:2 .61~ .5SQ
13.&' MOMENTUM ,- pV2
EN ERG Y P v3 ,, - . J
ON 6RAPH:
@1i?e -= IO~ .&- =~·S-Jk)CO.2,\ \) MoM-LAM 3) MoM-TURB
6L l-s i~ ~~S-J ENER6.Y-LAM q) ENER6'1-TlJRB
= 2. '3'1 J.o
v= V«)f(~) .X
MoMENTUM =pV 2 f2.(-rJ .6
oo
.q
MOMENTUM nuX' = f 2(iJ
P ~2 .2
ENER§V ~LUX = f3~) OL-~~~--~~---
() .2 .'1 .6 .8" /.0
Y2f1~3
M £-L
LAMINAR;
sin2.(i 1J)
pV• .2 ,~pVco3.
M =
p Veo 2 L
r3.Q "'ORA6=CfL ~pv2A -2SIDE5
E = SiY13j~ 1r) = T·l/O·2= SbOfP-
~pV~3 \-CL 2 D= ~(.OO20qqX205)2(S60)CfL
~ ~It{~ rrt) ..M- E = 2~" JEq .eft. Ibf-
~L &1- Z pVoo2. ~pV~ "IRe. = vL - 205·? - 'Z IL/O 000
1) - 3~6'1'IO-7 - J .I
0 0 0 0
D02.0~
.1 .J5'b .021./1/ .OO3E
.3 · 'I5S' .~ol .Oqq 0.) LAMINJ¥R
.5 · ?O1' • SOO .355" CfL = 1.32X'= 0. OOL/65'
.1 · Zq .195 .?aK
.q .qq .t/f .'i7 ~
1.0 l. 00 J .00 /.00 D= 11.26 Ibl
b) TURBULE'NT
O.OS'1&
cfj( = (vx/lJf2
79
4L:: 0.072 :: O.Oo2QQ eft = 0.0000664
~.2
L D= 265"6 N
$:. 5".2,0 =. S'/O-2~ ::" . 5"em
fl/·/oJ
13.10 ~)< =\0" 13.12 0.) J"~= 1,(1- ~.&)cl'j
COM"PA'RE' C" ~ CfX
LAMlNAR ~:: S"x
fi& ~ s: (1- ~) d(~)
TURBULENT s:" _ •3?6 ~
'1"- 1Re. • 2 LET ~ = t{
X
C;- _ .3=1€,'ii"".).3 LJ ':UJ
J~ (. ~1 I
- ~ If"e :: -"T7
~ = )0 ~ -(1J d~ = 1- lti;-
LAMINAR Cfx= ~tt
I +YI
TURBULENT CfJ( = . OS''7~
'iRe)(.2
Cfr _ . 05'76 ~.3= S:'17

ef£. - .66'1
1"3.11 Tl1R13ULENT:
o _ o. 3~ C _ o. on. =$ V1
X- "Re".2 tt. - ~L..4. (rt+lX (lt2) .

1Re -
L-7
V.L
2+ .E! = 2 +(21X"H'2)
T= 2oD C, J=IO-b ~}§
e (~)CV\)
'IRe 2D. = Lj./OT 2 +~

2 Vl
D= fPV Cf A
=~ ·IOOO·JIC)O''1·200
=1I./0'7Cf N
efL = .00137 D:::r 5"l./, 'l2S" N
6' = .31(;, ·20 =O -W3)')f -IL/.3cm
~.2
Bo
T\-IE SOLUTION \5
u= eSA{
= e- fPr.x)clx 5~(x>e ~ P(lt} dx c( x
13.1£1 2 de
J; = V, I cl 2)
Vxd"i
P 'X 2t e t-Vxcr G&
d;"t e <
O.022S Vd f. In )~ WHeAl vxr.s CONSTANT

\ V)C~ (mIXr1t2)B ?CX) = 0
= vx~ d lJxJ"(2+3"\e +- v~ de
=Q x -t C..I c= ul ){=o
,dx 11 j dx
I~J"
MULTfPL Y eY ekI AND NOTE TM£:A<XS»tE1;> A~ tSb
eX! de = %Je
5N Tm:.. VIcM~IM~ S1tn>~ ~~
&t~
; deSfil + e5~(2 +3,,') d v'x~ ~b-r~~ ~v,lk(~~~
L
5' dx \14 n} clx
~DtS~~<1~ hJ 8~£·
=0.0225 fr~+I~(Y1tiJ~ (~J~
rS./~ LET eS-lt = U

EQUATIoN 15 OF J="oRM
~ + 'PC)() U =QU() ( l)
WHERE ~} = ~(2t-3"\dIAtVxi
Li Yl"} r).y.
Q(x): ~O.022S ~. IhQ\~

"tl)(m-2)j tvxiJ
Ux~ MAy VARY WITH X
EQUATIONO) J5 KNOWN AS A
L1N~AR FIRST ORDER
DIFFERENTIA L EQUATION
~VX
=V M (~)Vn -'-
oCj ;t"R ~
'3.I8VlC'''(~yJ=~O) t ~~./L x AS ~~o ~Vx~(;x,
~Vx'L 7'l1!...2 d2.Vx'/.f As Y =>"R

c;1~
~ vx ~ v""
+~ y+ X~ 2 + ;;y 2. 0 Z
~'1 ttl<
"
T ~VX'I X~· ••
~J(d~ 0
SiNCE AS V-Q .. ~/~a
.~ v/(X, '!J) "../c, ~ T C,.~4 t-C3~ ~

;;;V'
I
~ 'j=o etc.
~/ (x,~) :> 'jtb,. «:j:l. + ~)(~

;} V'; 1 e. te.
~4j ~eO
FRoM CONTINUITY ;)V'/ + ;;Vtj' =0

;;x d~
So~ C~<j+ •.. +b, +2b2'1+b,3X",=O
COMPARING COEFFICIENTS OF
X-/X/ ¢ ~' TERMS.. WE OBTAIN
bJ=o} ~=0.l C 3 +2b2 =0
HENCE ~:'(XICj J = ~ y +S y2
C3XY t-
V~I ()(,<1) = -C3 '{2 ...
-c C '{3 - c., c .. y~
-
U ... I /
)( v'j - 3 I ... 4
TAKINc$ TIME AV£RAQ£

VX .. V~ .. t- HIQ.H E'R OR DE/{
= -C g C, '1.3
TERMS " ~OR MIXlN6 L{;N6TH
\fx'V~/ ~ ~2.
THEORy
BZ.
CHAPTER ~ ~ == ~o...~ J "P2 :. 300 \<'?~
ru V = ~ = '0 ~'~~o.J ·~s == O. 56 w.~
S
(o~~'f ff)2 J= 4.~)(IO-b Ml\2.J!:>
l.fK tps P = 2'10 ~ /~3.
\RQ. = \) V = V.l2'1/i l)( I. Ii) = 2 q 5" ~ - ~ = (Pow£R)
8 -Io-S'LAMINAR 1t cH
AP _ ,- - 2 r L V2 . £. = \6 o =~V +ffCe.-rfrM.it
-- -"L - )~f - ) 't o
~
P P:: ~ [\/2. + 3.. 't 42 +u 2
2
1)
0.0542 z p J 2
A?:: 2 (.OSq:;J~ (1.II)2(SV
= 66-=1 tbf a
0.0'2
q .b3 ps~
32.2 -Or +~dt,+U.,~
l'i.2
R-'2.
~D~.111 p= ~.;.[~¥, + ?j;; +~-i:'lf"J
2 \1 = 2 tf .b.}L2
A P -= \5" ps', L
o~
Gl)ESS
= ff (1Re) %)
LAMINAR FLOlJ
1Rt!. == VI) - Q. 4 ~ 25'S 000
g = '32.f<2 OR ~;p _ L.. 32Jv -;) - 'iro"'J "
D-r c
AL '[)2
~f -
e = . OOOlS fl., E:. ,oooo~'{
V=A'P S .Q.D
fj'j2 L
lS".I&ttf ~..J. ~IO~ 13.2~
~ %= -3.bl~lo[~ +(3~D)~]
5'? 32 ~o \2'Y f""ps
=: '(,./3 $i :: .003'Z1.{
=~ = 13.2'1'.\ lOS:: l'3.fC1 V = I. f5 G ~/s r2 = O,~!; J
~
Y 12·1
h1.:: 2(.003~)(2i'O"O'l)(.~s"I)=1:l17
.: LAMI NA'R J:"LOW .62 ~
Q. = AV=1l'D y;== aOOO?22 CfS

~
2
r>::2, -'P. .= 3'00, 000 -/~ ()OO ~ as.;z ~
'i c:J
,o~ -aIO ,9. 'lo~
oR Q = 2. 60 ff~n1in, = "lettS ~~
=~p~ ::. if.XV1·¥;lO'.Sb~ 4441
N. '3 (i)~__ ___
?= 4'141 (25',2 -250 r/2/":1)
Ar 2c?O~
;::-250-" 'D=.b2~ ~ ::: '/,413 I 30b . IJ, "'1/5
2 = ~~ 13 KW DR.. 6"'Q,! hp
S3
W.G ~ 'P.: A"P, +- A ~ + 6 'ij
GIVEN "PIPE A? MAltv' n> 'P'~E
J
V 2. ~ "i:) \J 2-
2
A'P-- .f PV - f iA~ ~+~=rpt~
P :z. ,a T t#o
FoR l=ULL'l'iU~ULE"NT J:'LOW, A'P. -= \lp :z.

p
f -= fUNCTlON O~ e/O ON L Y
~
THUS ~?_ ~2-

2) 6."PFRtc.notJ
P
THE \t)EA 'BEHIND WATE~ A~ =ZK~~+t(f.f~~~
P 2
B
t; = ~PlZK or 'It!-'cJ
CAL IB'RATION IS A'P.:: ~,~
~?2 w.~ P.
So t..~2 = A'PIIo.O (~02.J p..... '3) A ~NOZ2~ :2
wHa,o ;:;0%
.:1 'D _ \'2 (~\~ 6:2.'1 - ,'"~"nc;' u.. ~ PI" _ VEX,T
.:.L-+ r --
1°2 . - ~ 2t.3J ?o - 7. T..c r -' 2 T2 .
, 3.20 KM
AP == V i-xfT _ vp:2 == ~ ~(V£~ IT- i"
1~.5 I p ~ ~ 2Vp:1 I)
6 jlM2/s C.ONTI N U lTV / Al> Vp -= A\lOiZ ~ VE)OT
~= 6."1 '/0-
p.: ZOo I K~ I ""~ :. A~::: \.?2.(Ap'2_ r
v='.1~/5 D=.l"~ p -"2 AN:2 I}
e = . 000 ,5 ff- L:: 32q DOO~

ADDIN6 T06ETHER
'D
e=
\~~3 / ~e.:= llbJ Doo
~:: Vp:l fi'"t"2$ : Llf b + Ap -0
jJ t:
2 :f 0 Aw?' . 'J
= 13,Q"? ~ = .005'12
K := !/ f! L~ ID
= l/t~1~ 2K =;; -a:; 3.1 +1.5 == 155
t
p~ t> ~~ t)/e. == ·'=1¥:J,·5'fOb) = I~
~(.OO51:2)(32q ~) (l.I):2.
5" . 1
\: ,-:rl J ~Y()7
M
•
~y '" 1'1.5;<)USIi v= 1.57 0
/0-5.
Vp2 == 1Cfl1 lSp ~ 9.iripc'

= M~L:: Z'D11L (.'1/)2(1.1) S"~1.1{ ~ r
35.CY2 + I0:2'-10fr}
~
= lq41 KW
FC)R 'DIe. = 1.2.SZt)lR.c ~ 36 12"
) ~;J
~- ::: }8.35 I
fF= .005~1
U:: 9.81 fps lRe. ::::3~09(/~Vp
e4
Q =Av =~~i~l~.Ul= .~cfs _pA? = 2K 16 (i?2
71"'''' Dc{
13.~ 6?M Q~ 2 'Ir~ D~~ P 2
71 135'
~.1 AP = hI. : 2 tf 1: $2 32 K;

K
32 (s)SK
P D Q
:= (4.'15"'1'4'1) = 3304+2/S~ OPEN .JS .2lff
fJ 62.'4/32 .114 ~ CLOSED .KS .125
2 '12 CLOSED
hL = 2 i"
~.q .055
2S0fjli/6OJ = 31ls" "3,A a.os ED 20 .02.s'i
.£±
S ."3
D &D~ D
Q
:= ~ -:::O. lOS"," ,"5 .2
DS 31:2S "!I
lR~ = Dv =- D(ui/bo) .1
\4 '10-" (1TD)t~)
Li 75' ., oS Yz ~'1 OPEN
D
ASSUME ft = . 003...
D5" =. 02 "gt.{
D =0. t.f91 Fe
~ = 3.i".2 x lOS ff =. OOl'{ 5"

MODIFIED 'BERNOULLI ffiUATION
fr = .003'1;-
ASS(),tt£
BETWEEN I f Z
DS = .0'3:1.'1 D = o. S"OI-l fI- 'P. ~ v.~ ={'= ?2 1" y{ + 22 t- hL
~= '3."72·/O~
tf= .OO'S<l1 p§ -. 29 i'; fXj 2~ T
CK o V. 2. L ~
~::. ~.,..Z2
+Llf -;;1.
f'3 2g f0 ;;z.~
= Zz. +- :1 (1+ 4 ~ L)
2~ C
Q::. Soo tS?~ ::. 1.1l c..fs
v= Q 5.b?~5 'D = 3333

:
A e.
'i<.e = ~ = So 6:t ',S·,a~ = 1.D3·1()~
~p = '1K V~
II I.'t ' - r.:;oo F
P9 .2~
l ff =.00 '(q
ASSUME "PZ = PATM = lor kPo. % :. 1'5'.136
v2 ::. ~2 16 = Q2.
~:2~
-1'2,= '3' .f ~:l.( it 'I"O~'1'. ~)
.S
A2 11:2. 1)"
85
- P:a.
~
= "S. S I' FlOW 'RATE = 1F (t fl.1,0.<f9
o. q,S c f's
'"Pz =-~/q ?sf~ :: -'S~ 'P'$.~~
"'.11 UESTIMATE: VELOCITY

IL(./O 4f"OIA
USING
UNE
&RNOULL'''sEQUATION
'2"1)IA
v
2
2 q An =v~ 25' fps (A 11 =10')
LINE 1UI5 IS A MAX. WITH NO LOSSES
?>fTWEEN I E2 I
USINq hL = K3L.l == V2 DUE TO A
<j('12 -~,)of-V:22_v.2+ 'P:a.-P,::: 0 2-
2 to SUDOEN OPENIN6 AT ENTRANCE
-20~ T '1/2. + 1'z- ?..rrM -=" (SEE (;c. Ii -p. 79) v2 =SAh
2 P V= Fl.i-t'P5
BETWEE 2.f3 2) GtJE"SS v= 10 fps
N WITH WATER @ ~OoF ~-=b10c0
~(~~ - t;i2.)-t v·i -V2.\. 1'3 -P:a. .J.hL=o tf = . 004'1
I
2. 1
~
v:1
2 v
P a~ = Zh + Y.. ='h L
:1 f'
~ +_ +-
2.
V3 - V
2
a"
+ "PATM -'Pa t- hL =0 JI L Z t5'2. 2 .2
2 P =0 :: 11(2 + t4 fr~)
ADDING : -20~ + V32. + hL
2 .!: :: 2~6 (FULLY DE:VELOPEO)
V"3 = A:a V2. = t4 ~ '[)
'i~~ =5".<-11
Aa
n =( IS • O.? +- J) V 2 ... 2 t; DL V
2 D
L \ ~ 2 v-= 't 32 fps (CLOSE EfJOUtiH)
ELBOWS (ENTRANCE Q =AV = 1fL~q)C '1.32) =.0 5J cfs
2
::r~+ 2f JJi"lv ,q. 'H, G'PM
Q/,2J
Lz f
PRESSURE AT "PoJNT'B
1 ASSUME Z-R O~PIPE BEFORE B
(2.25' of- 6"QOf;}v
-6'4~ r(2.15"t 6QO)V2. =0 Z. + ~ + 1r. = HL -+ Yi +;' ~
ASSUME f ::: 0.006 • l 2.; Pj ~ 14 I PS
V2. = 6£1l4 = 1,2q.5'7 ZPRO ON SlJ1<F'ACE'
2. i5 r'i.1'1
V ::::. IL '31 fps 1Re.. ::: 0/.2 (U. 3t) ~ = -'4 - vi -hL = -1./-Y'"~+4t;.!:.)
'.22 'IO-S'
1Re. = '3.1'10 5 P3 ~~ .2sl" fc
fj:. = . OO~£ -~y
-'1- J.3S'O(3.n)::- -q_2~ ff
V2.= ~~~+3.J :::/l0.S"\/: 10.Lf~1Ps
~= 2."l·/o5 tf -: .o~t; Ok P"B = -4 'f>'51'~

= '1'gO, • .!- = JLI. O~61 ft =.oOSog
ff
V= Q
A
= ~ '~'1 :::: 225fps
~,~
hL.=4G b V~ = q·2·5"270·'bG22~
o~ D:;2 S rrr2 1)'1
De = i A~£A = 2 '21 -.:: Z'''' =."6t1
l' '32 hL =22" Q62.!i = 2QO.3
OS
~ = q~J 3~O ~ -= • 0«'5 ff
jl = '30L05"(2QO. '3+ 175')
= L'3 33 ~ :: . 005;Z q ~r +.JI.(~gO'2'll.lf)
I1P = p~ "T k v:z.
= S 153 '321 /<:!t'"
Dc.2. :l..
"/
= .oO:2.3~· tJ . . 005'21. 22 (22.S) 12" "PIPE

W3 2 v= ~ = 5.9/0 ~/s
:' ,~?7? }:)sf A
=,ocHq U~O
~= ~.~7f·lo5'
. ~ = 1/16 / 'iff::1'I.2!)3
II
'2 II H~O -= 62.Q ;:>s.f

+~ = .OOQ92.
Iq.l'S CAST IRON e. = . ooo~5 9: hi. = 22962 off :=. It~.
Q= 3·/0' ~Qj/do.~ = 4.6417 cfs 03'
%T ='PoWERCOST + Ulrr/AL COST !)S"
YR
_DfI (INITIAL caSi)
~V'K5 ~r = ~oI.05"(.J.n.o3)
-+- .11 4( 5"2'80.2'1'1.7)
$ - 'PoW£'RCOST + .II (INITIAL
If, IO~ 787
YR. - CO'!>T)
1<1" "'PI'P~
F'OWfR COST: ~ , it'60hrP v= <:) = Ll.31..[2 fps
KW"'r lj("'
= P. ':: iL[ht. KW A
?eWER +112]25':l5. 5
.g(5S{)} 311/3 ~ 1Re. -= 3.07'- /0
'D l"~" .l- ItJ 4~ I fr=.OO~X'J
'f.t;:-
. oOl6QS ~GL t/l'~ KW e: - ;) r
1.
T oJ "
PoW£R t = 1.03q~ (~ Ib;Xhl fl75)

hL
$/
=::5"/.10
30J.OS(:226.IO)
/~r
301. OS OlL t 175") ~,. .{J-CS2"'!o·2 ·'b.n)
10" PIPE: ~ B7,&82 /~r

V= Q = ~,5JO R-/~ .", Iq" -PJ'P~ HOST ECONOMicAL
A
IRe. = (5'1' X~·S)) = 4, 3 ~/OS 6" I(
l.b5 ~ 10-5 C Lf •24 "
87
'IRe= Vb = I06 VD
0..) SOO<3~W\= ~ :: I.ll~ cfs
~(7.1/6) 'T
=G2. a.)D=.2M "~+f=·l<{
A :.1rD~ A, = O.JQb3 ff2 l<e. =2 '10
5
V e = .000 !"S" 6'
A2., = O.lq 61 Ff2
=??:z
l{
'D/e. ~ = 1~.:213./ ff= .005"73
v= 5'.b~.fpS (IN ALL 'PIPES) I
b) I~ ~ Io..~t loofl~!::: .00171

'iRe=>c:o .: V => '.O~ ·/Ol» Of<
n Q.= 0.163 3
m /s
~ = 5~ J= 1.22 'IO-~
e. 2
V t.f-':: .0'16 q
'Re=~= O.S(:;.6Z) =2.33 'IO~ 'iRe. = b~OOOV e = .000 IS"H
(.22 '/O-~
J1'ff = 13.1'3 fr.:: .005'8 "l1'e =1£165 I~ 13. 53<{ =

++=>.00 'S~b ~e- ~ 00
A'P= Llff ~ ~~ ~=1-f'V:1=3/.'3~
FoR ~= . DOSO V=> 3..23 ""'/5
t = 200 A?= l./{.oot;1)(~ooK31.3)
'IRe. :;> aU~JO()O ~ = .Oo4~5
::: I'iS.2 ,?sf V= '3. 2;2q ~5
41P :. 1~5".J. p-;.f ;::: J .0041' psi 1Ke.= ~S/OOO OK, v~ '3.Cb WlJs
t-HOOlE 200' e
1:>
=
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=4 «~
~ S. Vf W1<..5 _• ITl ::r
k<:
p 3-..,; V~ 4:
ds
e'tn {t:t.)
{11)$ c/t?t'IVC7liue,) dtyp,) t?! 2+.2, 9
O.
uaU
eClBS
d<f ) '-f50zgrne (Sf A).-
5~JVf? hY-'<:p 6~ rj:StJlv~t''' rt
(V}tt ::: /"(;IOtJ
fl(y )'YlCJ / e
fUl1chc;'n Of? If'(ce / {f~tJjsheet ds A -= 11 I), J1 m
'.. CD.::: 0. I 9 b 0;,1i 0 ~ /,o4x/
~
a'(I'rl:L1s
Problem 24.28 Excel Spreadsheet === - C!afaICl$e (spec/e5 /3):
H8 :::. .;2S'g CltJtJ 9{jmo/e

tp df(tp)/dtp ds) e :. /tJ, 41 n m
0.02 1.90E+00
1")<::1 -1 ,I
0.03 1.54E+00 vlJ-f/;P = 1,/() ;.t.IO em ;)./5 .
0.04 1.29E+00 ft18
0.05 1.10E+00 l1
-r;dns{Jorf fafle e ;l1
0.06 9.34E-01 i
0.07 7.97E-01 trltJ/e cv/t!'s ~r't'l/cf.k cJ>P'r6? S
O.os 6.7SE-01 O'lli !Jf/Uld aldieI" I(..S" Cl )1/l;Ije
ytJ
c.1
0.09 5. 72E-01
0.10 4.7SE-01
d//lw;~~r' JJrtl~e~s,
0.11 3.93E-01
0.12 3. 17E-01
0.13 2.47E-01
(jJ1t ~ d.5A :::. 4)~ nm
0.14 1.S4E-01 dfO v-e. d pc; yo e
0.15 1.26E-01
0.16 7.2SE- 02 rpf3 ~ ~ ::::: /(1, 11 nm
2.42E-02
0.17
0.18 ·2.02E·02
0.19 -6.09E-02
d<fore d (to ye
0.20 -9.S2E-02 1 5()Zc;rnej srfec;I85 A
1
0.21
-1.32E-01
0.22 -1.63E-01
0.24
-2.17E-01 r; (CPfl)::: (I'" Pf~J:;'
0.23 -1.91 E-01

0.25 -2.40E-01
f;..., (Cf(4) :r..
/ -
1... /1l1 ~ -f j. 09 fJ,/
2.00
'"\ I - -
dJ 6-
0.9,5' lit
1.50
, l'f;e effecf/flg o~f/z;6"!(/;f,1
G
er
1.00 \
~e~ D:'HzO r;{%) fjJiftt )
"0
-..!t '\
:c 0.50 -' !! i
CJ m j>!.rl / n 9 tile ':Iirv 0,'-::' )

, 0.00 ..... C i/ If • /' /
·0.50 .. " "--- - . 1;_,.<:'

, \,.,
)'4{)r];"Il/ 11 Ii
\. vC/'"
/11 -ftFrlJ/,( d/''/d:Jc<nj 1.5'

;/ i:~
;!;k
,#...
'
;,:J IJj
-,
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

IP_
the rt:1(7,1- C,C;iJd/I'Jc"',:/ as./~t /If£"::?
df 4; /1tll7~;'edr efth::1INJ~ /5
If .r,,/ve r Ij Mile ht'J/1 0 ~ liJeros-oil; E)(~e / ro Ob/all1 df!..[f~ li~~~"1
I ------_
I Problem 24.9 Excel Spreadsheet

Solute Mol. Solute Molecular
Wt. Diameter Diffusion

ds Coefficient
(nm) (cm 2/s)
Lysozyme (A) 14,100 4.12 1.04E-06
Catalase (8) 250,000 10.44 4.10E-07

= 14.3 nm
dpore
O 0.394
DOA-H20 I D S-H20 =
<PB = 0.729 <PA= 0.288
F1(<pA) = 0.074 F1(<pA) = 0.507
F1{<pA) = 0.080 F1(<PA) = 0.443
D'se= 0.006 D'Ae= 0.225
cx= 15.00
21,3D
- t) -7 ,/
oAe
D
~ 3".1t, x /0 emf'S
17 (~) Ii (tf!t)
'AS
.::: ~ ()
/:1..,31 nm' - If.2 (/

dS A :::::
d fdvc> ~ ItJlJ n fJ') =J, 1" x lofoi7~rl)(a 743)
41 ::: dSA """-=- 12,gf{nM:::; t),I'2ilcf
::= I,Cj7K(O'eiYJ~)
IJ cirp{)re Me n fI1
"2..
F,( 1h):: (t - ~)~ (1- (), J23?) :::: ~,1617
r;, (~) == / -;z ,/04 fh f- :Z,P'! ~3'-0, r5'tit ~r
= / - :;',/04 @, l:J.3t)-f ,1.,(1/ (011:85/) 3
-d, '10'(rJ.I-:2.3 &,)S';:;:;. 0.. 1-'/3
~07
Z$',~.
DAe = 5:() '1-/0 -7Cln~/.s
dl(fr~ +- ~Y"- 0 ,.,~_
~~ fI~tJ .:;: /'J? ;< /tJ-t.em Y.s aE d'f' - """
dSA =-:1, t
;1ff'J
- C Dh8 d~ - c liAtLd~ "-~ ()
-~
nz J'ft..
-1 ?; (tf1,) ;:; (tt)
G',~ 1- It) .:: ItJ'! x/tJ WI&' C!lJl}sftRf)J. C ond 7)1t~
d''-tI£ t - ~ '2l/ ~ tJ .~",,------
(), 1.2.~)'::: (;- 4Jr+J '2.(] - :<'/~1% + :i1t2flfff:: ~ q-4.!i
02"2. dr~
-P/!s %4"] dJJo.. ,::: tJ @ c:::' /../:1,

~:tJ,lf.! d2:" ~ &-.:;:. tJ
{) Clt}j. ,f.-:-:; L
,/fl -=
ifJ",. :: 0, f f3 cd .5~_
ifi -= .1,1) @ y.c R.
d ftJrl? <J~::; /1,0/ dP r-:: ()
dfP...-e ::- I~,] f tJm == £7- £ ;)/11 ;l6, :3 or A e///ed /i-tfm i'V
O,} 8"3
/lie I- ra/e
~x A!Allx+-~,. - /IIf+y.A1I!Ji: /y.
tJ!t1 AX 1 b J;j-r,6./I- --- hit:! I1x 6 11:1
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tlf1c.A.'I../J.~Jl:r-b..c - fJI-1F,6J<6tj Ig
I,e R.., =.0 J f<afe tTf- ticetll11,///eifuuJ III eft
J. eras stPt2ce 6e.fNJt!'t!'n .,ta;(7 a/,4/C r..$
C}!dt. ~,,/lu A.l-
/s sla!"t:I'7;j· m~/e~tI/t2r dlyC~s/~n
J< ale dt; (I
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f7
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d Con.,5erva!/tJP1 a';: Jrlass
Alit?: tJI'J Aill r
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I.~ Sft:?()dy-sf"fe dl/~.:f"ltJr/
-> 0/Y'fo
N~x AJ41:sf'l:-rA;-_~~J( A~.~~1x
\1t IIf, . -= ~fr
l'jff
AX!:1:16.b
d)/It~ 4- oNAY':.:; 0 c!'-<--
01. df" o
tJ'1 A 'J.A1:./if"Ai - J.I~ AK/lir-
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&."
Nd.4r·}I~
r NA~AXA¥!~r~-~~AXAi~
by., !fAt:
~jJ' - ';
f 1: - R.ff =- !J
thfi3 ejVq-!rCJ'n reckC'es f-c; e()r;cenfypf;., ...~ o/')/ ~ r'=:!(f'/6
I.s- k"iJ'? '" t/('/11 C1/~ d C.o /1"; -f.? I! ,.J.
~)< I(M;: ~~~ -f NnV &rMI-'t.?, f '1r COI'7C en fror/c::>'n -or A @ Y''t<. If
4x Is C tJf?s 1011 ~ Cjll '"~4P/p'
,
4ft4 .'/ d- j}b 1111XilJ/1 Iii q't7S ,¥"QceJ
t- ilh~J~+4,&--~* Ie t-~ -Rfl-=O J?7 t) lee1 ./ /.a t' d; //--1/.5/ c1 n
Dt- clf;- ~ I S -fea d!l- s-l-p Ie d we Ie'

/1m; f (//s Ll)) ~J 6.l;~ CJ (!~J1$' I-d' /1 f C't:J1l ce II lr(.2f/dl{'s
E vtt / I.h' f~.J / h
(,/-/- r~ f! Clnd r;:: /(.f'/c1.
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ot' Jr
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dl f/"",~idn ;pofA.
o
v· fl t dfi. - r;, -:::. 0 eI) IiHr =- 4,8'~ i-f.< r'N'1I".-h.J
fl
dE f1
if. / Q nd 01'91$ a y<s ass tI #7ed -= - DItI.3 ~ f '/Fr NilV'

-
Csn.;rrPHf cJr
V~ rA -=- - C Olf6 dill
~ :::: - 01f8
if
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v·nll r = ~J;jlt ::.. f:t/P
SU 6,s'hfu/)t') r? [lIt? Id..s
If- Iff/- /VI gas .st4t!~ /5 dllule
dfj. -'-
rr Dl4e~
Jf - Dne \7~ I
f V:i ::: 'A
WAY''=' - C
Some b()Uhdary
:zs; 5" cond/f/dr/S
-1--- -((t/O~wt
_ _ :R
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I, Lc1l4ff JYI/e c/; /h5/L7~ NJ cni
J
r- d/ree-f/o/'i-
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5fJ herll"f2 / ~
CiP~ rdlrJ4/if!$.
SpherIcal
/, r qnd Part!' (J6,;siQf1.f
.)
coor-dinaks
1$ canSr(7Mf:
~,DIF·hISI4'n I'af-h Is /(/l1j

Flux Ih Oh/;j lite f"-d'lre:cfiarr
COI'Y1IC1Y'ed ft:J chang'£' /,.1 ~ ~) No hdm~J..t?I1~C7as reacJjJn m

Mus Sfef3d,y_s";pfe air S'~(;fc;e. ,
IV~ homo?,ene()u.:s. rea .:;:1;1.;1':1 Conce'1lytlf,t:J17 CI.f stlr~c!e:

II? JO.s I'ha~e) ~ :: 0" /s (!dn S Ie;!,,;! j t?o;j?l.//I'b 1>14 m
4. ~o~euhr~~sMn/~ be-rwet'n g~s - 'I/!tJ1d /phases
o.n't! Y'- dlre.c.,tl"n, 4') !)I(e";o /"IA./
5 .. CansI'D/') I- CQl1ce hlretl,",n Cpncen';rdl/<1~'}
af r::::.~ Clnd ShlCl /J ,/;'U'x //", //ij7t.//0 ,.
C) V.~ t- d~~ R/ O
VI'l tV'r.t r ~'cI ~ .
4 ylt
Con.s/~nf 7"a~d p,.,/) ClIr
.l- i{('2.1J" yo) =0 bt('pI;Je. o
r dY C Df/61!r l'
Y-~NA'(" IS Cbnslanf- b) rVPrr::: -
~~ -CDAB~-r'/ft(NArt)lt:) fl0" .fN8rJ
dyt c.) fl· NfJ- + ~ ::::: £JJI ()

Nlfr -= -c. D~f3 Jiftt - f - dt /"ff
{} -tj,4Jcl r :
v= -rrI -= dh RT ;l
d J c;q. ,.:; I?A m.. tl f' cJ ( r )./Vfir ) r J['ff ::::. 0
.d- [ - dr 01;.
0", to d CR DAf?J d (r j.4! Je
is)
dV'
1
O-~~)dr::; o.
Y' 3.. drdr -+- Tt :::;. O.
. p @ t.::.. 0) eA:B 0
e'r'.:: R J y" =- ~o ~ r.", O,65'I'ilJn) eA-";::
t,
!lL
{)
e r -= 00 J '1ft:: RI @ Y'=o
. {-2r
tfl'f~ d/'l
: J ,,"=.e::: (),
c! r'
[e)
~\O
<7
25."' t 5:Nt ve S /..5 fa /lC e 10 Intd /dcath"
_ 'I(J
J
". tv;~ 1- ~lf ~ fd;."l1 fraJ1steYa fsuj"'!;ceJ
'dt )"'1'1
I), SfeC(cI~-5IClfe) ~~-:::.O ~ 1<2. J rjfJz. :::: Ito

SfhencCtl C'(Jol'cl//J~7jcF$
I/Si!?
,1) No homo/G'nedt/s fC?dC-htfilj I~::-o.
~) A0 moMct/lar cllflt;~/~Yl /n tJ//lh/n f>0r"Ou.s /17/1&""'.'
~ - d, rec.J/tln "~tVA + d,g _ /2/";::. 0
:J (] £)
4) No ~/I./fcl h'/e)/;t)I/l /''rI fj-diY'ecf/on /"f'I

-'15t
/V'1I<i := - C D ~ 'f
f16
cA ..l (r'-Nlt r ) = 0 '
dr j
Jr~~r' IS constant OtlSY"

5J C t:?17c1 tJ/I~ are Ct:;nsfClnf %-
d ifIus Ion flCt+h ~
tI~ r D~B ~ t f/fl (1Ii
Mx ;:: a #
1fr .. .J.J
Np, x':= - DII (j c!j:,. of a Cft)}
d'A N/+ r ::;: - c dff- ~
cJ~x T dNffy.:::: 0 D""e g.
ax rJ1 1- ~A- c1 r
rl ( r). d
Dfi f3 d ~ 1- Ctj dJiJ -Dfi!3J~ ~ ()
dX--;" dX i/iiz. dY- 7-ifi ~AIJ j:f) :::
a [cJ2.C
'itS . -~ f -
dt..
~];::::. al:l~
o.
2 cJ~:Z 1 dX @ r.::: R2,. J ~ ';::, {) -<
dX
'fA -= ()
(} '(' ::. 1</.) !fIr.:! /.0
e) ~ -:: _,& &. _

I
_I-~M"I I, ..,-dna' P t:?re CCJI'}Sk,l'Jf

I I ~ l,lfs/de C1~tI C7uf..>/de flip. cl t:: -
\ ~) (Por(Jt/s (JClrr;c.h
R~.g
-411h
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.--'h<'r(;;.... re ell! !-/IJ Y} ()/ Iii I r, rid r hcl~ i::.O J r-= 1<)
~ f ~-I;f) r =: f2'f
3.. NJ d /eea ItTr dJ flu SIP)? On Iy oc.ctl r.r
In rJt:Jr-~tlS #11 n Ia' tley~
4, ih/n {?ordtts /'?YerJ !,s~«jo
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6 / j;/ <:.-1; /'/k-s'/ cJ;n .j~',;.? li,
~j 5 11(/ Si//COh /S sf/s-/C?PJ? ';;r -=?,
F, 1/
Ont:lJ;jsI S. '- '.' - '(/

f? ,I F}
•
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P/ >'e?
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4. h/~ Is <Yt?r'l
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,£nhn,l& clt?/J/I; (f/.sl/;e(;t,,:/
rO I>:~j o5f-&o1'-s/o./e
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C6ncePl Ira 1/t:JH (/1'A'S I;' 6"i//(}&N 6&dy
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YP /,:?/'1J/tfi' & ru~'/.t6 C;;:: O.
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.5: ll,//H..rICJf1 C:dr7/rC;//t'!) 0
m ~/eetJ lIIf", J,I'!t'.UOI1 aJ/M/lt ~z. =:. .... r! 4(5 9: + 1f+[1ts -rj/lIz)
solid .5/IJCIlf11 ,
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t7',
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s~
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cit':
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IIItyt.. = - DI'Jt3 d Cfi
d'C
c:) ",/lift + Ju(0_ ~pt c:f
4; .-~ f7
cJllltx. +- )Nt1~ =-- ()

dX d-F
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diD.
d}(2. 02:-
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en -::;::. C D4i5 -== tJ, 0 i1-f CM% ==- 1.11- x lOG ;'1'1 %
lfs
= 4/J,Kj HIt/Ie
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d~ Rr {S'.311 Pa.,..lX2'lIKJ m.o7
I11(}/eK
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1~(j WVl
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~z-:: /,0
.. '''"' Yi. == R + Il11m
,
S~herIlJc21 c()or.it'tlofe.s
I. Co ncen tYatfon 1/1 Clftleot/s

rtha$'"t!!' is COY/S" rC?fft-
;<. Def1,s'J lJes ~n 61tJ/lJ;.p q;Jd '
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In [ftt ') = lIP, Iff,<.1 ~ .3tJ~ f,13 fa
b S' 'J' J
r_ 45,15"
e>< C/ J?{j> Ie :J. ~ , / "
__ 'rJ __ ", ____ . _,"' _, __ • ,
... ----~.'-.,-
PROBLEM 26.17 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

131.4 kg/kgmole
MA =
R= 3
0.08206 m atm / kgmole K
DAB = 2
0.088 cm /s
To= 308 K
p= 1.0 atm
D= 2.0 m
TCE Emissions Rate (kG TCE/day)
L(m) 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 2.75 3.00

T(K)
1.4790.7400.493
1.5610.7800.520
290 1.646 0.823 0.549 0.412
291 1.736 0.868 0.579 0.434 0.347
292 1.830 0.915 0.610 0.457 0.366
293 1.928 0.964 0.643 0.482 0.386 0.351
294 2.031 1.015 0.677 0.508 0.406 0.369 0.338
295 2.139 1.069 0;713 0.535 0.428 0.389 0.356
296 2.252 1.126 0.751 0.563 0.450 0.409 0.375
297 2.370 1.185 0.790 0.592 0.474 0.431 0.395
298 2.494 1.247 0.831 0.623 0.499 0.453 0.416
299 2.623 1.312 0.874 0.656 0.525 0.477 0.437
300 2.759 1.379 0.920 0.690 0.552 0.502 0.460
301 2.901 1.450 0.967 0.725 0.580 0.527 0.483
302 3.049 1.524 1.016 0.762 0.610 0.554 0.508
303 3.204 1.602 1.068 0.801 0.641 0.583 0.534
304 . 3.367 1.683 1.122 0.842 0.673 0.612 0.561
305 3.536 1.768 1.179 0.884 0.707 0.643 0.589
306 3.714 1.857 1.238 . 0.929. 0.743 0.675 0.619 !
307 3.900 1.950 1.300 0.975 0.780 0.709 0.650
;
308 4.094 2.047 1.365 1.024 0.819 0.744
---------~------ _...
.. 1.. --_.
0.6~~.. _.1
;:Lc;r /5'
6'1. == (2 H6 0"'13 C ) t
lts
?13
f/(/f of 6" 2 IJS f:; fo Jel /1,18 Mefti / reduc..fiof1 wil16e
11l1/tlenced 6J /lux of~.

re(/,c!,dri["I) !teeds 1 I{m/?.) 6)
(3) v :3 ~" (I)
y t/
(jJ...) 2. 0)
~,,' c D4-d 4[ I f- ;tAoI

cJ 1 +-
iflts
rf Clvf! = I m.2.
q
6-= ,5'"cm ~ d.OS- m
~Ii 0::" O.:L.{)

~fls ~ o.
.Ps; = )...3;2. tkm 3
Ms1'-= .2f~ Of :J/mok
I
(llfs ::: /vlt.l!b
(I' C Ai:>
NIr ~ ~ CoDII"- ..~ [ 1 + '1,1+ 0 ]
1+ Wt4'6.
c..t<$
N~," c cflle [t"CJr~o)-£~ (1+ t{)]
buf h(/+x)= K_~X2+~X3+-,,,,

If X-::::N;r 'J )(2 )(~, ,.tVIII
J
C:; be vera' 5111all
f, in (N t1i~) ~ rJA~
C s c7es
0;(3 -:::;. ')..9hf~1'()J :::.3,5:24
2.
~13':<':; 1.1,116
r=ft.f3 ~'~---- 13,/15' HA?:. (I -t ~ ):=:= C.!li6 ~ ({ +'I(to)
7<=:?" V(53,3X:z0 7,t:, =- o,k.s () .
.1<'( ::::~, ?tJo ::;:. IO.f). 'J1-Q7Jt:; pjfrl:' =: eTAS h (I + !Iff,,]

e:fli3 t3.145 ) 0
=- 0, ~{)/J'$g (').Z!JOtJ)(f),7:L&O) I 1- D196
116 o~s
=5:'77 x /O~h11S IZ (),57J mrs t- DAB;:. J f S;11;<"lo~cm~k::::. r.t.4
cSk @tM)((.:2.5'~)
$
Ii ,,(9r3S5x.lc/~ . XO,571tj!)-tn{J,:;) I
/'VAt: - . m3 _ _
( 0, () s'WI 1.9 J.. 4)

== 2. I 3 x I (F 5' flh1 Ie! n?..;,,?
I
{Ij .
:::&;::::::; - ... -
0.) Nr ~ c J}'2' 8 ,t" (1,:<) '" ~, I hiD"5(1'.</1)

Cl -- A I I
==
/,97 X 10 trJOif?/l172.S
t" ;1/
(,,~ ~J)
~---""""~-~'--~-'-~
.~ -~~~'-.~'-' .. -.
-" ~,~--~--"-
/, Ne A(/PI1()Je/1e~tI$ red,c'//;n
>
II? S-///Cdl1 r'llbJer-
i, S feacl:J-,$IIl~e i'tltJlb5c"'!
f.1Y·
any-
ell/hJSIIH'I //1 y'--dlY'e:;eI-MIJ
3 N 61.//1<. i'OJltrl btllldJ4
. o
-4 , CtJn5 h:r n f" 019(:3
CtJYl~e n Ira fldKJ In v/J,Ct1fj t;,1
f'~ 0 0
/) . ""
q, IJfl r ~ :~:' Ij:i'

-dt;
_d-(~' lV~f.) ~.~ 0 j
,. A4", IS t~~J$ll:1n f
{.1 f"
@ r'.::: 1<.." ::: <1,55 m}Y/
C'/D c
(H S) Cfls -=(}/S) ((), /)5;!)
,
;: (a 7f f!.bJ. ,(3.ft 'if 'fp, d5
'tf)
male Imf afl?l
=- a,1J.3 rr:uh
m!
f/ C: c.J _
(;).156-4- OJA3)'t,. (L.)
It ~ 0.12.3 t k ~S") 0//5'5'
,,,.. ( '!,S'S'
~ r~3 - ~~ c : .. )
a,
o.1~F (J, 'IS's:
V'
0, i'"~ o 21 S{;1
lJ.13S o I I C? l, q 3.5 S'
" 1
.,ll (1 "'1) (),?.. O . /,. .I r:;"
,,~ {>'J£'"
(}l 7~1() 0, ?hS·· o. ..~ -; G'
~::::: CJ mo(e d. r
=t=-,.z..~ c;;; ::.~, S"t1 011.6 ;L
mY
Cl.3;Z em· C~~:: 0, /";.3
mol
e
m3
t (1Jtf~) =-0 j ~j? /5 {!oJJs;'an-t-
1VAz-':: .-948 d.5

d'e>"
.sL C~} - 0
de; dz- -
CfJI ::: 0 ~ j- c~ M;e:=. C;l.-
@! c ;:. CJ c; -::: :A, 5't,;f -
-~
@ z- ::. 3. '2.
)(. lIP I'yt
G = -7t~, f?
Gg I
-= - 7~ 2. f'r; (m) r- .<..s~1-
cJ c; ~ _ 7" -;., ~
de:
I
Nfl .:::: - 0/18 d Cit .=- t:h (7'~,?)
6
r d,i!r 21
- 1/
I r .>Ci/'rJe tt,e. -=- / )( / () m 7.5
- II :L -9
JH
A#e..-- (7~:;.,,[?X/;(/b ltL):.1,'3x/O m:.
5 ~,s
2£,2..3
-L- d [t" /.111 ] =~ fYl
V' cJ'r II'"
!VA- = - DI1B defT.

dr"
PA§. Ii [ r dJA..J ,-::. fyl
V' d.~" dr
r-- dCfl - In r:.t CI
---~+
J ::::.
@ r::: R deB 0
J
dr
0.::: a1. & t C,
0l1g 2
2
C :: - !!!- /(,-
I DIf-f3 ?-.. &:J.
r d Cft: ;::: m .t-:z. _ m
d. Y' Off$' ~ 0 2-
118
d Cfj. ;:; 111_ rdr -!1l. R?- d'r'

2~6 ~DFtB 7
C == !1L r '"-ttLr<.f ~ r t- C.2.
ir 1- 7)1113 ')CJtf;.
@ y=-- R..1...) Cit-=- ~s =- ~
If
C~ -= ell r J!L fJ,1... ~ ~ -!:11 R.f
s
;L0AS
+46
eft ::. CIt.s r..aL Cr ~~) - in f(;~C!C..)
4~8 20 /(2
R8
_/ -'I ~') Yflole
ells = fJ, ::: ttJa.fm
If 3- tAd'.-<, -
O,71al-"" '!!!-. 1IY13 I
W/tJ/e
/, 212.. ~i6~ /IJ1 b lekrn3
0 - It /.
111-=- 0; 2... ~ mAle.> /
m J, hY'::: (0,
74 )<./1) ~
emil, S'
T'\ -5' 1.
Vll6 .::. ?~, I x Jt) e ~
m
CA(~)
0,)..5' r,fP-x./O -7
(), '3 fj, 87 )( I(F~
0;4- /, otiS" 'i-10_~
Of S- I, 0 (Pb ~ 10
1,/"37 >< I~-{,
O, fp
0,15 1,:J.f~ ;< 10-'
2'.24
J¥.: J = :2. 11 ~ L N~ r =:; 2.. 11 r< L A::: ~ lufora/Jehlde

t-f)N3 did) )
If
dr B.::free om/l1e
re r<.
(! ('-= rc f2ea~ hOj/); A f ).13 4 Pr~dtl.ct

Cit -::.0
o ()
\f,
Nit .; ~ ::::. .%
.Ii-('('2..Nhf)::; 0 r!l.~ 15 C()i1sf;:,nr
I
df' ) r
CtJI?C,
ci, Iv f-e d+ A- o"J si1w jllk5/d~
J1tJ b tilk c. fJ I') f,.././;u ,fl& n
-
N ..:' tJltta dSt
ffr
" ~WAr !~ dr"
10
froWi "-(,,;;3 4f7' t.r -::: -1rr~ d~
Dt3:: a, IK liscv»Ys r
ft ~ ~ r~ ~c.
Rs ~ o,~!> t YY' ~ ftS
1<.'2.;;: 0, 7~ c.m,
11/
[.L - L ] ~ 411 /:k.!) C"S
/'fA P.. r~·
L """ 15" em·
j}(I'r::; -4 jr'[1, 8 Cfi s
[ ;f{ - 'Ire]
r2e.Cl-<::- !Ibn /'5 cO/YJ(//efe aJhen IC.
=0.
t=- li._L- [K_l<j

M~ :lDIf f3 efts ~ 3
-::. fl- Ii --1-- -~

/iflf!, :ll#B~5 ~
~
Pi. ~CCti~-~3) ~ C}J.8 ~ [1- )
3{JO mole.> -.= -4
~::: j;<./ () moles fIT). J
M( m~ em 3 I em :l em /- Vhl
6 -s
-t :::": ($ ><. );~()k.s) ((J, 15cm1J I~ (c. -0)==
em-Itt<-
I 3
~1I5)atl-/pi. 1
CvJ1
&,:1..3 )(~~
1:<.. (1,1 x lo8c-¥XJxl;S",,!:oj,~) -;'CfY? /J,9'P-Ri
/, J'llK It) q;s :::::; 332.5'hr : ;:::. ~2S7 £JI-tRJ.- ]

ta96~~
SpY'e4d sltee /:- used h eva/l(qle ~f1~ and (JA-i- tJn

;: E(yc.) ett.li/;'br/ctm lIne,
So Iv' e b:1ir1cJ I t:I nclerr~ 'r:
fnrrJ
aSst{me ~,I.. .:::. :25: f e.::. '£ S'
JItA.:::: if :::: /, P rs ~ It) ~

rlR",;. ~.25. f
P 7~O mYl1
mm = a 0.:3'59,
., 's-
f! 311- !6.'h1 3 Ylo~aK
mole' f<U _ 5"
Ca/clI/qf6' ::: t~t I! i'l1(}le == /.:;, Ie '/... /(J
I71Jlie
C. .:: tJ, 257 g" (0, 'U~ ~5"] /In:? cm3
IJA- I
'I-0/1(,5'3
Wv~ ~ :). tr ((.:21 f x 1:;~eff()'33~.e
[0,:;. ~m) ~1 ($, (j

y
=::. 4.5'9 )( II) - , /ndkls
F: /"," I .~
/+ I {/
~~r.
I ''IAr
U (- 3 fi(~ ~ ur; tg.) 1i: 13.=: 37~ K J it13:: a iPS-

\1, Nit T 2'~ ,#( () Ba615': L:::. 1m
~. - I
jr (r:l.~r)=- 0 J r~r;i> tdf1J-hYJI: ~ --11/1 Cr;-7j)
=~t7tl/: ca~ 73 -7;.),. f~)1~tAu:
Chec-k fp s.ee 1/ nil III r4 /
Convectldn IfI1O:>tJrtt'll1f:
!Veed tt ~ ohi-'41r; t .
f;/t)"J /
'I"'/Jr
fr'()Ou! (' fIe s

ryuJ (Inti (In'/J'''J 4SSUfJ1e f.::]:I.J'k
7{;/m = 3.2 ~t 370 -= 71'1'"

l~,c::: £ L'~ fi
WUK (-'--):: 4 rTc DAB/.1'1 [Y-.] J.. f(fv.)rdlff :pJ ~/4
, ((.5 ;L /,0 3 L
L 4:41:<'
,
WLJ~'=-" ~ 1rC ~6 .en (3.0) @35tJK) R:0 (;'I7 i(Pr)=-0,51.9
'9~{~ = O. 4>r;IS '/.. {O-8'

filii..::: @..c;. ~ ~/! ";'!!'-:; tJ./5b
p lJ() i11 WI
ah~ 71;:: 3~! J 61':: 570--:f.t?:::.1';.

Jt/J.r.:::; O,tJ/5" dn/mfIJrjpnr
I~ ), Itl (1).-7;) ;:: (- ~r )(1;) Au
. Nfl 1- Jjf: f}{'''

t (rlJ/'IY') -:=. 0 ) r Nhr IS' C(}Y)6m"r
Nflrr =- - C 1)116 r!.!b- f 'jr:d ~ r- tJ}l~o

dr-
N di
ftr
::
-c Dt48 B
(- fA d".
R.~8 -::::. 1't
CD
rNftr ~ lTa ( - ~tp
f
R V I-,/t+
Vff~
rN/tr Rm(f{jj) =: ~ 11,1< ~1/~'~5]
R r I-yflfo
Nhr- ::: C D im[ l-jiAs J
I
flt3
R" Rk[~J I-yfi~
af asstlmed 72-= 32-f K ~ :::.34'lK
J
A,.:; 2370 ~
S'
C :::. .t:.. :: It rJ/J )( II) fa.,
R. T (r,311~' m.! X.34f!X)
wltJle' /<. _s
::::; 31JII rYlIJle..:= ~1rtxltJ It¥J.t.
3
m errl
0116 @ 2rfK .:: 0, :Z~O c.m~/s
~ ~Vc97XJ;' := 115'. f
@0= :<-'13 TK::: ~~J." ::: 1,'~4
i-Afj J as: r
..fLp ;:' I, 1'1
~?;. ::;5..!ft? R:; ~ .:::. /J!1K
6!tB 1!5/f
Jl.o..::. ~/{)~
:1~
~ G r", :: (),:u, () ".!J).f4 (W) (Ir Up 7 )
S ;;''13 I. UN)
=O,35~ tm%
NAt'':
e V"B .In. C:-1i4J
Rk[~S]
::
(3. 1'11){ lri~ X'o.1.5?J 'I) in (f~)
cm.5 {.1I6
(4 em) k [%!-]
:::.- - f. () 17 x li-1- mole s /em2. s
Checl( /(/
~ee /r 1i ~ 32f:-
(~~ ~ )(J:ZJ:rSJ,,310)
rn ~5·f< -1
= (r.tJilx Ie; W/i?k.s Xlo1:.m~/!li)(2 31tJ~
Cm2,$ i'H~ AhlJfI (f
1{;,j ~ S'tJ .:= -4tk I?I /
"
lIe ltc.·.!J 2.(" 5"
d. (NAf:) :: OJ" ~ It, tans/anI-
de ~
IVA .:: -c ~e d.!itJ. r ~ (14t2:+- tieC') Stl6sf,.ful/~)1 Jlllt> ta) lIJe'k/

s
n~ d~ ~ /
q2.~ (j '/1 -'
,:t
- ~" 7J :::;~; G\,
Me.),A ::::- - NB;t Ag d 0,.1(3

~
NAl (so) ~ - Nel; ~3) .', ~-=- C C~~ A (r r;r;:;;f}d) .
1
1v
J
Nt3;/::' -O,9tJ9 'A-c s!. 'i- -:::; Y' c! Cff~ +

Nit 2 - ;; - c lJ"e; ci..jp f U(t (~ - 0/1() f/ ~
NIt;;
c;; d 2:- if~,
0" tJ9/ flfl Niti!::'
C 0,,8 f~(T~ (;,091 dt
0, OCf / :flta> J- 0,0'11 #14
~ Vll 8 k
[ J -o,bfl i
fls
J
{J, 09/0 l-oJ),!1 jtt<XJ
hir sphey-e:
J- d (rJ..N ) -;::;~.1 elf
yJi. JY- t1 r I
~r ~ - T;?,q~
dY'
- [)RI! sL (V'/),JCn) == - Ie eLl
r2 d r ;J1 ( n
.
0.. d-: (y2. ci..1t):=: ~ I Crr
(a.)
r d,;' ct r DfJ$
let- j/c CITt' '

..,. Ct}. '5 m h (r ,r:klf DfJj!.) :::: tt'tr
@ r::: 0 J fI:;: () and (!./ :::. CJ
~ r:: R) Cfl -::;' Ctit)

Cfla R % C::L S)n~ (R.Jh;iq,e)
c~o R
cz -= ,..-. --
'Sm I, {R ~ I«! DI18
Czj. -:::: ~ E Smh (('~Q)
rr (Jr, .-
.sIr; h (f( ~70;713 )
cd r oV'
SfeaJ3 -sfafe d,/fu5/~n
In i3-- dJ reeflOtl onl;!"
Nt) bw /1< l2onfy'/ btJ hbr1
hCJWJ eXQfflcP/e 2~,1

h ~)< -If) '1j
41A13 =- / /J. fJ17S
f( .:;:. (/, (JtJ d.. m
'3
CfttJ'::- ~,":l. m~ IIm
k,::: /.9'f. /ti:l. /5
R (F:t :;:. o.O~~YrJ /,q ~M-:J.~ . == 11.1'9
01'18
:J..'I..IO-IO m:2/s
4.fa ;: P1- 1: - J12.- t5
J t;- "ile OA6
C~::: 121- ~:2. -~ ~ ~ f' LIlt!'
:2. 1I~6 ,*,8
~ l - ~ - 0lte ~ :::. ";'Q,~ I!!1- c --f!J} ]

cI 't' P,f6 [J~t3
:::: W1 ( c5' - c-)
Nfl}; -::: fi,7x/i:moL ~,dtJ.:l-lJm

:16,,31 ' m3~5 .
fir high cOl")ce l1 t,.o hb;n,) GA .»> k'r-r
RA :;: - t<AY'r1O-X eli ==. - ~

;;:: - rn
Cft mCl.)'.
let/'() tJrJer fA Yell/fh o" I hIt) fI'lm

:<,,!Va }"teSIS /anc'.:£ It, cpnvee.f;ve mass
-frans/er" @ 6oundaf'j j,e/-weel'? !lui!
t.:lnd b"/tJfi/n ) :>p{riace
I,e. if~O) eft':: C'l+o': $;p M.:JJN!rJ):if
~. lit 2'::~) dC /d1:::::' O.
Il
/he? UP7.s-/eQa"{f'-s/'q/e cO}-Jcen-rY'ahon
rfl"tJ// k ait:fn,f pas? hdn e /6 f1fVef7 ;,';
U'Ct'hon C:z?-:uj ..
/he' 4x t5 Clb I'?//Ic>d 6y c!;/hr-~p?h4ho~
of Crf (~tr) aH4 tC".s"j.lh?,c,/ 1"1~) h/haJ~cI
6{ S-ub~-/,I-~IIQ'1 or E= L
c£J c. H' -
r f1~1T;:(.4t6' t 1
~ .:: 41sLI- ;? -.2:- i- -A-starr) e -t.;=~"'-":"::""'.J
Jell; = Cf1 ;5 L "lrf1;;'/
[ _ L - 8:.:, l L n 1'1't'os ( r;J[.fi)e-17 t
:;III!; ?.rr'1-
L. I-
d e:- 1:t' I) :::. {nI-
M? d''''()ce.5s II7~trf COo¢h!,tJltJt/.:;;- CiI'lJ ~~~;7r/es ('t/ .Ie?! /crl/?71"l6 are

/f"t7v/deJ iJn olf-QC'!,t!"I'I[::5t1tIJCI!-C-Y' ..:5(f't;("'dcl6-6C"t?i: /l./CJffl..; clur'l/Jf ~P
fir:>! htJuY' 1/;4/ IV/t.-z: Is (!/o.>e 1C7~eVtf al.z-:::;L CIS rhtf' CpJ')/n'/
/1 I,lL"!' ;'/,; . /, ~j
vV'/ t-Ime !.5' >",;1/ h'?# ~t;t' ?t!/ ",; /!'- ()t7'C1 nc t/4'1'1,;) r'..
12;7
__ ".
PROBLEM 27.1 EXCEL SPRFADSHEET PART (A)

A- n-octane L- 100.00 an
T- 15.0 "C e- 1.00

DAB- 0.OS73 arr/B«- d- 2.00 an
e2DAB - l00.00.an
0.0S73 arr/-. w-
PA·- 1039 Pa MA- 114.00 kgIkgmo\e
PT- 101300 Pa PA.I! - 0.703 r/an'
c AI
-
4.340B-07 grmle{cm' mAl- 14.06 kg
Tlme,tCaec:) 3600.0 7200.0 18000.0 36000.0 S4OOO.0 72000.0

Tillie, i (Ir) 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
NA(gmote,tm2-sec) 1.063&14 3.222E-12 7.735B-ll 1.838B-I0 2.2S2&10 2.402&1Q
NAca.mz-h) 4.363B-05 1322&02 3.175B-Ol 7.s45B-OI 9.241B-Ol 9.856B-Ol
;
1 .8.158B-Ol -6.656B-Ol .3.614B-Ol ·1306B-0l -4.720&02 ·1.706B-02
Series Term II =
! 2 4.430B-Ol 1.962B-Ol 1.706B-02 2.910&04 4.964B-06 8.467B-08
3 ·1.601B-Ol .2.563&02 .1.OS2B-04 .1.106B-08 ·1.163B-12 ·1.223B-16
!, 4
5
3.851&02 1.483B-03 8.467B-08 7.169B-15 6.070&225.140B-29
-6.165B-03 ·3.800B-05 .8.904B-12 ·7.928B-23 .7.060B-34 -6.286&45
I 6
7
6.569B-04 4315B-07 1.223B-16
-4.658B-OS ·2.170B-09 .2.194B-22
1.496&32 1.829B-48 2.237£.64
-4.813E-44 ·I.1lS6B-65 .2.316&87
I 8 2.199B-06 4.835B-12 5.140B-29 2.642&51 13S8B-85 6.980B-114
I 9
10
.6.908E-os -4.772£.15 .1.573£.36 ·2A74B-72 ·3.891B-I08 -6,12OB-144
1.444B-09 2.086&18 6.286&45 3.951£.89 2.484B-133 1.561B-177
• 11 ·2.010B-ll-4.040B-22 .3.281B-54 ·1.077B-I07 ·3.533B-161 ·1.159B-214
I
i
i
12
13
14
1.862&13 3.466&26 2.237£.64 5.004B-128 1.119B-191 2.504B-255
·1.148&15 .1311B-3O .1.992£.75 ·3.967B-lSO ·7.903B-22S ·1.574B-299
4.109B-18 2.218B-35 2.316&81 5366&114 1.243B-260 o.oOOB..oo
. 15 ·1.286&20 ·1.654B-40 ·3.518B-l00 ·1.238B-199 -4.356B.299 o.oOOB-tOO
I
t
16
11
2.338&23 5.464£.46 6.98OB-114 4.812£.227O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO
·2.828B-26 ·1.991B-52 .1.808B-128 ·3.211B-256 O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo
18 2.277B-29 5.184B-58 6.12OB-144 3.745B-281O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOB-tOO
Series Term II = 19 ·1220&32 ·1.489£.64 .2.705B-160 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB..oo t
20 ~52&36 1.894B-11 1.561B-177 O.OOOB..ooO.OOOB-tOO • 0.000&+00]
90000.0 108000.0 126000.0 144000.0 162000.0 . 180000.0 198000.0 216000.0 !
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 SO.O 55.0 60.0·

2.456&10 2.415B-I0 2.482&10 2.485B-I0 2.486&10 2.486&10 2.486&10
2.486£.10
1.008B+OO 1.016B..oo 1.019B+OO1.020B..ool.020B-tOO 1.020B-tOO I.020B-tOO 1.020B-tOO .
-6.165B-03 -2.228B-03 ·8.o52B-04 -2.910E-04 -I.052B-04 -3.800B-OS ·1.373B-OS -4.964B-06

1.444B-09 2.464B-11 4.203B-13 7.169B-15 1.223B-16 2.086&18 3.559B-2O 6.070B-22·
.1.286&20 .1352B-24 ·1.422£.28 .1.496&32 .1.573&36 ·1.654B-40 .1.739E-44 -1.s29B-48 ~
4.352£.36 3.685B-43 3.12OB-SO 2.642&51 2.237£.64 1.894B-11 1.604B-18 1358B4s ;
.5.597B-56 -4.984B-67 -4.438B-78 ·3.951B-89 .3.518B-l00 ·3.133B-l11 -2.190&122 -2.484B-I33:
2.736&80 3.346&96 4.092&112 5.004B-128 6.120&144 7.484B-160 9.153B-176 1.119&191
.5.D82&109 .1.115&130 .2.446&152 -5.366&174 .1.177B-195 .2.583B-217 ·5.666&239 -1.243B-260
3.588&142 1.844&170 9.418B-199 4.812&227 2.504B-255 1.287B-283O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOE+oo
.9.626£.180 -1.514B-215 .2.381&251 .3.745B-281 O.OOOB-tOO O'(lOOEtoo O.OOOB-tOO O.oiJoEt.oo
9.815B-222 6.170&266 O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo
.3.804B-268O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO 0.000B..00
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo O.OOOE+ooO.OOOEtOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-i.oo
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB..ooO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB..ooO.OOOB-tOO O.DOOB-tOOO.OOOE+oo 0.000'£..00
O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..ooO.OOOE..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OOO.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOEtoo O.OOOEtoo
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOE..oo O•.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO 0.000&+00
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..ooO.OOOB-tOO - O.OOOB-tOO I
• O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OOO.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOOO.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 ,
·)·/f;~ Cln1 ~wn-:r-·;ln-::;cf.o,e e~~-..Jft'~· m;;:~-IS .1tf'f1!J'/C'd 61117.f<lr~;ftlr
b f {,I I.
lid /Itt ><
oJ '-'
.;;1 c:::. L r~.$tp.",,,,,t- ,1;: Orne.' <o)t1 Zt;r:l[) f::; (;l..
if
(tJl hI
. -t r0i18L'R t t (-I #11 ~B 1t:.)

7
m/tlt) =: W7A;/i't == fo #tlc. df;:: ~\; :IiL
L-Y- -f :J. ~5 t. f/::'/ n:l 'f(:l.V -~ .J
~?£
, i;t!1t? rejtllred ! fl?/ (f) "':/YJrt; ttJt?5 d fenr?lflc,1 t4$/11Jj //1" f~'
c;r- j
e
Ctw~jJl!litf'r {;pre'odsJec';; (p,,,,, 13) 5iJt'tl/;.(I'? C Illne t')e1~ Jt"l/',f,)'C'.'tYj
; , iI!/J l
One! h11 ttJa$ ca/cu/Clfedr the 1~5;t)lv~r' ftl/}cl/£)tl il ol1fhe C:tJi'Nrft1kr

7
-
1-
~---.---.--.---~.-~'
PROBLEM 27.1 BXCEL SPREADSHEET PART B

i
,
A= n-octane L= 100.00 em
T= 15.0°C £= 1.00 t,~ 511r5' !;;/ts
2
DAB = d= 2.00 em
£2 DAB =
0.0573 em /sec
0.0573 em /sec
2 W= 100.00 em (basis) i
( Cale t4 (alk!/~ $
1!1 11C!t'e'd
PA*= 1039 Pa MA= 114.00 kgIkgmole n-oc';(1 f)6' l/t:YH!)' ..5////

. 3
PA,Iiq =
PT=
eAa=
101300 Pa
3
4.340B-07 gmoIe/em
rnAf=
0.703 g/crn
14.06 kg It i'j' Id t{j;,f,1/v[ ·//;e.
I, .•
t= sec .l.)(} li:,."J /.1 S

;roc k /af/,~/<)
4~963B+07
u
t= 574.5 day
released rnA = 1.233B+02 gmole (basis)
released rnA = 1.406B+Ol kg (basis)
L
_n Tenn Summation % Change
1 -1.013B-Ol -1.013B-01 33.33 ---_._.-.
-_._-_ .. - --,,-
2 2.533B-02 -7.599B-02 19 -2.S07B-04 -S.347B-02 0.34
3 -1.126B-02 -S.725B-02 12.90 20 2.533B-04 -S.321B-02 0.30
4 6.333B-03 -S.092B-02 7.S3 21 -U9SB-04 -S.344B-02 0.28
5 -4.053B-03 -S.497B-02 4.77 22 2.093E-04 -S.323E-02 0.25
6 2.S14B-03 -S.21SE-02 3.43 23 -1.915E-04 -S.342B-02 0.23
7 -2.06SE-03 -S.422B-02 2.46 24 1.759B-04 -S.325B-02 0.21
S 1.5S3E-03 -S.264B-02 1.92 25 -1.62IB-04-S.341B-02 0.19
9 -1.251B-03-S.389E-02 1.49 26 1.499B-04 -S.326E-02 O.IS
10 1.0 13B-03 -S.28SB-02 1.22 27 -1.390B-04 -S.340B-02 0.17
11 -S.374E-04 -S.371E-02 1.00 2S 1.292E-04 -S.327B-02 0.16
12 7.036E-04 -S.30lE-02 0.S5 29 -1.205E-04 -S.339E-02 0.14
13 -S.995B-04 -S.36lE-02 0.72 30 1.126E-04 -S,328E-02 0.14
14 5.169E-04 -S.309E-02 0.62 31 -1.054E-04 -S.33SE-02 0.13
15 4.503E-04 -S.354B-02 0.54 32 9.S9SE-05 -S.329B-02 0.12
16 3.958E-04 -S.31SE-02 0.48 33 -9.304B-05-S.338E-02 0.11
17 -3.506B-04 -S.350B-02 0.42 . I 34 S.76SE-05 -S.329B-02 0.11
-----_._ .. IS 3.127B-04 -S.319E-02 0.3S , ,I 35 -S.27lE-OS -8.337B-02 0.10
---._-----_. _..
PROBLEM V.3 EXCEL SPREADSHEET
A - benzene (m water solvent "B")

T- 293.0 K 1.00m
M... • 78.00 kgll<gmole 0.05m
OM- 1.00&09 rrf~ w= 1.00m
c.... _ 24.0 gmoIe,b!' 0.0 gmo1e,bl'
t- 2.592H+05 sec
/1 111/ lui l;;;/M
/ I r'/ t- 7200 h
,'I ~ -'1i . C ... & 0.675 gmole,b!'
Due Iz> ,sfflCl/; {J;;t' r'U,s/c// 1(/ \ 1)( If) if ") iI Term Summation % OJange
ClrJd /tJnJ d,.s/Qn~/ /h/6' CL.
9.98&02 9.983&02
3 9.85&02 1.983E-Ol 49.67
.5C>ff/I:'- II? hY71 Ie' dl / /JI S fa n

5 9.59&02 2942&01 32.59
7 9.21&02 3.864E-Ol 23.84
n ir. c :: CA =() 9 8.72E-02 4.736E-Ol 18.42

~J1:. :::; @ f:.:[) ) 11 8.15&02 5.551E-Ol 14.68
13 7.50&02 6.300E-Ol 11.90
e) t;- !,//f6 ~ 14 d
15 6.79&02 6.979E-Ol 9.73
dl:2. a~:J t~,
Cit:; ~s (j) ~::CJ 17
19
6.05&02
5.30&02
7.585E-01
8.115E-Ol
7.98
6.S4
Cf'W ~ CA~ "" /) 21 4.56&02 8.571E-Ol 5.32

23 3.84&02 8.955E-Ol 4.29
~7,3 2S 3.15&02 9.VOE-Ol 3.40
V 2.52E-02 9.522&01 265
29 1.95&02 9.717E-01 201
31 1.44&02 9.862&01 1.46
z.::. 6"cm::- c::? cPS J11 33
35
1.00&02 9.962&01
6.36E-031.0038+00
1.01
0.63
S.,...
t =: 72. h;p" ::: 37 3.35E-031.006B+00 0.33
~,,$"'/ '!</0 .s 39
41
9.686-04
-8.32&04
1.0078+00
1.006B+00
0.10
0.08
o.o5m 43
45
-212&03
-2.97E-03
1.0048+00
1.0018+00
0.21
0.30
'2 i(/,/: ~-v", ~1J.,5f :'/~fG- 47 c3.45E-03 9.975E-01 0.35
49 -3.63E-03 9.939E-01 0.37
s 51 -3.60E-03 9-903E-01 0.36
/,0'53 53
55
-3.4OE-03
-3.09E-03
9.869E-01
9.838E-01
0.34
0.31
57 -272&03 9.811E-01 0.28
erf Up);. eyf{I,?'5"3) -; OJ '11,)" 59 .2.32&03 9.788E-Ol 0.24
61 -1.93E-03 9.768E-01 0.20
63 -1.55E-03 9.753E-01 . 0.16
{Its -Cit ::: ;Z1- Y1 ~ (/.. Cf1t2....· 65 -1.21E-03 9.741E-01 0.12
67 -9.186-04 9.731E-01 0.09
('lis -L,4 :2.1-tJ 69 -6.686-04 9.72SE-01 0.07
C .=- cJ, £ 15'm,j/e,j,yJo 71

73
-4.636-04
-3.02&04
9.72OE-Ol
9.717E-01
0.05
0.03
~-==---.: 75 -1.786-04 9.715E-01 .0.02
77 -8.71E-05 9.714E-Ol 0.01
;::bY' fir/I fe 6/)t(l1~dhJ c!dl1 rJ;-i/dt)s.; 79

81
-234E-05
1.86E-05
9.714E-01
9.714E-Ol
0.00
0.00
5
() nf?-,/;mef7•.<) lollt;? I tlll<;< Pticlr- J-~ le 83
85
4.37E-05
5.64E-05
9.715E-Ol
9.715E-Ol
0.00
0.01
./ v 87 6.04E-OS 9.716E-Ol 0.01
cf 89 5.86E-OS 9.717E-Ol O.ol
COr1tt!C' )71f"'4 ,1;£)/; rfJrLl/;k hI" /;JeI'7.;f("7F1 91 5.33E-OS 9.717E-01 0.01
ft1t 93 4.62&05 9.718E-01 0.00
dI5StJ/I/'C"/ III (j}llfr:-r-s't1 C'lled .5cti/ /.$ 95
97
3.86E-05
3.11E-05
9.718E-Ol
9.718E-Ol
0.00
0.00
jli/eh bj/ 99
101
243E-OS
1.84E-05
9.719E-Ol
9.719E-Ol
0.00
0.00
2. "J, 4-
..0 - n~~OA-8 -t4 :4
ell-CAS _ 1- ~ .LSinlr11t'~'e /'
CR t) - 'its - trLhY/-I
LI - /
tvhere "'X1:::'l::....:::: / m
')...
Cit::: /. 00/llm 3 fiJ i£':;:- XI
Iff 1/,15 (JtJ'l'7l; a/I /he 5"/l/1 /5

c!tJnftlmlnaftJd bect1t1.5("J' tji (,b11116e dl
In I i1) 1"I''I/.IIrA., /I /IScJtJer/VY} ~ Ilt);1 ttJ.as
u~r?J ~f1 aitdc/;ed t'prn(JtI/t!Y' sJJt'~(Jd-
..5h~e tj l:.lfI'l~ thi/lle J'pt!'.5'st!d n Tenn Summation % Olange :
1 1. 17E-01 1. 168E-01
I Ie r t!7 f; /.Ie 1'1 ct n 1-/) C'tl::: j,().h ttl:e::. XI"
./ 1+1 3 3 6.79E-02 1. 847E-0 1 36.7
5 3. 18E-02 2. 164E-01 14.7
A~ benl;tf'ne (,n wa/-t'f"'.J'tJ/ven.f 8)
7 1. 65E-02 2. 330E-O 1 7.1
r= ~93 1<' XI:::'
~ ;:: /1~tJft1 9 1.00E-02 2.430E-Ol 4.1
MA-" 1 !,~ fYI~/e' al? ~.:::; IdJM 11
13
6.70E-03 2.497E-01
4.80E-03 2.545E-01
2.7
1.9
il"'" /x/~~rm"/$ w:: Id) frl 1,/"3
15 3.60E-03 2.581E-01 1.4 :
O,..~ Cill A
o:f!
C>. tJ gl1'l()Je/rYl
"<1
c,q~::: ;2f,~ !m~/~/IYI'] 17 2.80E-03 2.609E-01 1.1
~ 19 2.25E-03 2.631E-01 0.9
n Tenn Summation % Olange 21 1. 84E-03 2.650E-01 0.7
1 1.16E+OO 1.160E+OO 23 1.53E-03 2.665E-01 0.6
3 -1.84E-Ol 9.763E-Ol 18.8 j: 25 1.30E-03 2.678E-01 0.5
5 2.50E-02 1.001E+OO 2.5 27 1. llE-03 2.689E-01 0.4 :
7 -1.92E-03 9.994E-Ol 0.2 29 9.64E-04 2. 699B-01 0.4
9 7.67E-05 9.995E-Ol 0.0 31 8.43E-04 2.707E-01 0.3
11 -1.53E-06 9.995E-Ol 0.0 33 7.44E-04 2.715E-01 0.3
13 1.50E-08 Q.995E-Ol 0.0 35 6. 62E-04 2.721E-01 0.2
37 5.92E~ 2.727E-01 0.2
15 -7. 19E;.11 9.995E-01 0.0
17 1. 67E-13 9.995E-01 0.0 , 39 5.33E-04 2.733E-01 0.2
19 -1.86E-16 9.995E-01 0.0 41 4. 82E-04 2.737E-01 0.2
43 4.38E~ 2.742E-01 0.2
21 1.00E-19 9.995E-01 0.0
23 -2.59E-23 9.995E-01 0.0 45 4.00E-04 2.746E-Ol 0.1
25 3.21E-27 9.995E-01 0.0 47 3.67E-04 2.749B-01 0.1
49 3.38E-04 2.753E-01 0.1
-~'-'--- -----.....:..........--.---.-----~--
f(e~u/red
t ;:::. 43s: 5: da,!f..s 51 3.12E-04 2~756E-01 0.1
7
Itt t:::.
6. to 'I./0 s -:.. ~/O Ve..ar'$)
mI'l .::;:..5 I ~ ,!i.ttl frJ ,::
').41
f ("-1 tCS) eY'fctP)
CAl>':= I K /0 I:/. I g
dJ
3~()tJ
tihJl11S/ CWJ Ih Y' 2.551 0,99904 I
CIfG :::
:<. X JO~/ Cl.f~ms /CmJ /.7J tPI13 /.? 0, <Ii91
t: .:. / At" :=. 36c:Jtl 6 -1
17 7fl:L /1 " 0,91'3
Z~ {)...Jr1JeY'c:JI'')$: fJ-L10,; 7,,64 J,4- 0,95),3
j.l<ltJ
em f5f 1~(t1 I,l 0/1103 I
13 5' ~ 0~~J /,0 0.1+:<'1
Dl9-d =5x /tJ- cm% ,0 ;u ~~O 0, 9(,~:<' 0. !:.fp ;;.,
o. 911r = erf
I
((f )
i
2 q'15
,i ::' ;2,R
cP:=
7-.tDAfJ 1;
Z: = 5.''' JSx IO-13~2-#~)
;2l7 :::: 3. 9[P0 )(, /~-t; it;)
t(hr' Z: UYI t r lCtnJ Z iJ.Y7f:.f (h1tcrOf1s)
/ 36tJ(J :)./34,7\/-;1 ~tJ1~

-1
2- 7200 3, ~~() x I~ 3;-;6
3 f'//~>t I~:
lC!;i~/) 4;IJ~
4 11j11JIJ 4.75)( ItJ 4,7,j

5 I ~OtJ(} 5:3/ 'J./o-1- ~11
")~(p~~ -1 s,r.2
t, 5:g~ y. J()
cp == 111.4:11
Vt;'(£l
6) eNS;:::'~,O x /O:W a/oms Icm 3
Clio':: I
x IC/~ aftll1'ls I em]
.
C,q.;::' / x 10 Ig QhJlJ1slcm~
if: :=
:z 'I- 1(;-"'clYJ
erf(cP)~ O,9?5" J cp:::';(rO

" -f
2, ():. C .:::. :t."j. ItJ tfY1
.l ~D~1; ;z. i ~ /tf IrC,;- {t
a ::.
S-
70, 71 J ,)
1: -= 5tJ()/J .s
Omtkln f -4
PIn wal'er @ Jx/ocm
!!!fl ~ L~ v;i~
Si!- c- ~ If~
=:...1.: F i~~~--:":i"""k-;xt-65-'"-!J~) ><
4
:2 ~ (0 ~m qr oS --
)(. (Q,)( l()i~(JIIfJJ..s)
3
tJm
=5.~4:lx. If) '~fplYIslcfl)3

ii!rt =- rflIIIv
!!!.!J. -I- m5 ;
V V
_ S; 61~ x 10 J9af-tJfns(.3tJ.17 fJ- \
CI1)3 irfomJ
---I--=- - ...
(~k1:< l( to ;X3t1,'17) +(f),xitlt;ll.07)
- 3
/'~4 x 10-
::27,/()
011'/14,)/113 hm cJl7e .;a~e
;:::./Ohr = J't Of}{}s
j
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UJrr s os a 0 as t ~/fXl.l Cft -''')0- t',4$
q'1d mA~PlAf
I
'1:. ~ (.;'hlcKYie~s):r 2. (0.5' mICf'df1)
('
4
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=- I ~ ItJ"' CI'J?
fnlrf -:;:::. C,4.$ y7lf(S-:: 0.110 "'3Cd,
VAS::::' /,5";< /~-13Cm2~
X -::: 'Dl1e! ~ ... /g, ft; I-q! tim"tthl aJ fraf1.5 it:rrc!)
(I,5')f./()crrfI;.XJiP,}o.!S):::0,51 Info 3el bead
1, (I )(: IO-4cm)~
-/:
h1 ..: IJ mA (1;) :::. J \NACt)d-l: (
- ~6n ~rr7:/{(it)
n
o 6 Q/) I
r;. a, 5" =:: mAf -.z.l n;. I-e
4 OIP..1} 'Ita,;):' 0,2.1 11' n=-I .'
i (n:
I: I. .fJ- .1- -
Y (VI :r') :::. (}/~:4 Z- (/1 - ,
);
Qt/r
n;t.J "
W,4s -tUff ::::. 0. 21 .::: /J,()/-tVA /_ m~l.£:);:. f. ~ ~ eDItBn27t~k2.
WftS-i'Ilfio 0.01 -tJ rtJlI f 11':t /.., n ~
3 .,. n:::;1
tJllt
-==-
'"r;, x. / P- ) 0, 7 ~% .YUl'Ylmaflcn ca/ctlkhons
:J-J,II are i I vel? in ctJl"rlptltr!3 r
fYJeJ/e/m
3 spY'ead shee t:.
--CAs'::: tlt /
e n· Term Sununation % Change
Cit;:::
K4ts;:'/5/;{eJ, I) ~ /bmtJ/ /m3 1 1.03E·OI 1.031E-Ol
CA ~O (a~~~~d) 2 2.80E-05 1. 678E+OO .93.9 '
D 3 l.44E-lO 1.678E+OO 0.0
fZ :::: 0, 'J.,5' em 4 9.88E-18 1.781E+OO 5.8 i
,oI7B':: -:L)( !{[{, em %- 5 8.I8E.;27 1.?81E+OO ___Q~O
1
'-.~~-~
{..... ~ __ , _. J ::: 0,:2,2, (o•.!t ,;; ,(! fI'1

b 9(}/J
;;;.
Cf\~ - ~ _ 1!:::..!2;::: £1.20

t~-Cfh?- /5 s
Q ----;.-(i----T~-
n::. () a ' ',4e ~. >(to (:»11 S --
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iTime, t (s) 0.0 72 180 360 720 1800 3600

ITime, t (h) 0.0 0.020 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00
W A (gmo1e/sec) 1.0 1.0lE-09 6.06E-10 4.0lE-10 2.56&10 1.27E-1O 6.25E-11
I
W A (J.unol/h) 0.0 3.65E+OO 2.18E+00 1.44E+OO 9.22E-01 4.58E-01 2.25E-01
;
Series Term n = 1 9.78E-Ol 9.45E-01 8.93E-01 7.97E-01 5.66E-01 3.21E-01
2 9.13E-01 7.97E-Ot 6.35E-01 4.03E-01 1.03E-01 1.06E-02

3 8.15E-01 6.00E-01 3.59E-01 1.29E-01 6.00E-03 3.60E-05
4 6.95E-01 4.03E-01 1.62E-01 2.63E-02 1.12E-04 1.26E-08
5 5.66E-01 2.41E-01 5.83E-02 3.40E-03 6.73E-07 4.52E-13
6 4.41E-01 1.29E-01 1.67E-02 2.78E-04 1.29E-09 1.67E-18
7 3.28E-01 6. 17E-02 3.81E-03 . 1.45E-05 7.99E-13 6.38E-25
8 2. 33E-0 1 2.63E-02 6.91E-04 4.78E-07 1.58E-16 2.50E-32
I
9 1.59E-01 1.00E-02 1.00E-04 I.00E-08 1.00E-20 1.01E-40

! 10 1.03E-01 3.40E-03 1.15E-05 1.33E-10 2.05E-25 4. 18E-50
11 6.38E-02 1.03E-03 1.06E-06 1.12E-12 1.34E-30 1.79E-60
12 3.78E-02 2.78E-04 7.75E-08 6.01E-15 2.80E-36 7.86&72
13 2. 14E-02 6.72E-05 4.52E-09 2.04E-17 1.88E-42 3.55E-84
14 1.16E-02 1.45E-05 2.10E-10 4.40E-20 4.07E-49 1.65E-97
15 6.00E-03 2.79E-06 7.76&12 6.02E-23 2.81E-56 7.92&112
16 2.96E-03 4.78E-07 2.29E-13 5.23E-26 6.25E-64 3.90E-127 '
17 1.40E-03 7. 33E-08 5.37E-15 2.88E-29 4.45E-72 1.98E-143
18 6.31E-04 1.00E-08 I.00E-16 1.01E-32 1.02E-80 1.03E-160
19 2.72E-04 1.22E-09 1.49E-18 .' 2.23E-36 7.45E-90 5.55E-179
i Series Term n = 20 1.12E-04 1.33E-I0 1.77E-20 I. 3. 14E-40 1.75E -99 3.07E-198
_.------
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2. 17E-27 2.80E-36 (.if r& il ven
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sf! relld.s /) eel:.
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a bSt.'H,beJ Cd ..
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2.44E-190 1.52E-253
8.81E-215 3.92E-286 I
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4.13E-268 O.OOE+OO I
5. 37E-297 O.OOE+OO
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m:J.,;J,r·tJ.X AX. Pn ,hy-,AIif-
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2..,Si'x 1o-'k.gJ41a/e_ ~,q3 J</ot;,k,r

mo1e
(e.. -<;'0' Ky. ::: 7, (/1 .k:; me) Ie
m:A.hr.Ar:.
m~, $ tyj~'5,tlCfi If;f., • ,'I
C,q~ ::: 4. f 8 ~J-t!1-fe

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3
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rrJ... -- ~-- 4,~8 tJo == '/ + I" 35'1 x It?
C 55:5'5~e -=:: 3,2ft, 't-J6 9 /, 7 3~ 'l.lo~S'"
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J-II 3~ 6)5'
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...
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.=
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kJ Im)!e m3
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::: ;).. J"3 'Po-
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a:<22
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mal'l<
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at 770 mole!#)3
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2
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== 3(j~ (/, 1-~ x /5;;!!!!s '\(tJ -~'-'-
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5
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c
(II fl. 3) J,5i4
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.:5
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3
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lit =: :5 g r;,;' rTj /~ f<eO
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r? d,3} 031
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(<l,311~3 ,{2'fSI<)
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Q t.. := d ., 0(, In r y: 6.:::. :::;
0, ~ E; m 2 3~oo,'S, .s
(1i .... .c.::;: (J,OI8'1o mf$ (aa3Cf5'-d,O/5I)
I
0,01 Is 0, (JICJ'I
UI'I~O I efl ~
I - 4, S6 f'rl
1
I
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3/,/~
5IYeotr15 are I"e/a f/vel d dJ /(.(./-6'
-/;;Ch Bey/ Saddles/
Q~ t/nd (;! tiY'e CIJI1.s,fOI1-f'
r'r ::: I/O
Q 1.. (C~t - Cttj.)::: 6 (fffl, - ijff,z) .t:.P .;;;: 300 IV1;.-))3
z-
~L..::; ~,4; -~R/.::: 0.457- 0 ~ ),73f tr/:: {£8f4 S
me! )(3t>,f
mtPl
i:- )(
ItJ{)() a
)
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Gmt", CI12..-~J ~/(j3f4-~.~/31
\;iml
/- If}'::
Ql.
-- =- If,9,2 _ io ,Ofh)tJle
.J _ _
00
::;: O. 2.:1 ~ kg Is
/,738 J,7Z? __ n /..".= L: ::: 14. 08 J')1tJljs.::: 1$.16 ~

r
I&'.1:Joe ~3 )ClJ,Oi:3' ---CJ,o~91) n1t?Ie I 1:, / _ (J. 0 "3 IS S
nr mi.
_ I"" (p (0 - ~1f:J-) L: = U5:.16W1tJIXf8~1-~!:o-)
mole.
-,,(, ht'",
Ij f}:2. .::: 0, f) J !f s mol 10M:!
:=: :J... 7 :; 9 Jt.:s/ :5
DesJ~n £~,: "2-== Gh.CCft~Cffl) ~:::: P-MvJ= . ... .
IX
I<LCl (c f1 - CA~~(.m A /ZT .' ra. (3·0
"mali,) .-=if")
.I!.q\
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.. ~ {/.org x/O
((.; If Fa.'
5'"0) )(;J.91 k)
2 ... v
"3
m
------- IbbO<l
-.2. -~ I. rYJO Je., I<
f.J:f'r-Crttt)) = I, 3/-dO - 0:: 1,31'1.JtJ ma.._e :::: 112G'2 kg/m 3
1-17Z$
I
6-I;==-
( F,3/1 Pq ·m 3 )(2 f'f 1<)
Ll (0 .~ ~ mole-K
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't-.& o. '2..CJS ~ i/o -1,').5;;' I I
lfs =. Gj (J- ~(11)

= 0.03"4 :: (;0, 5'1 ~e
s
XI- t).os-);:: /0, OJ WI.:;!
S
e
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(IA - 'itT,:J-.)
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L; (CJ, 637'10)- .:;'1(),oj ~e (0. ()S:2C:.-tt()()')

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J " ChI
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tilillo? .ftJttJer- res«//;s /n ~e
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,

Welty Solutions Manual Word

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Solutions Manual

1.1 n = L/ 1020 /i,,;,

V::''''; J< ~ R - r = /.32 x 10'" il1/5

cv'PCQJb) = f'c v;: [k(cos I siYlI

1.3 'VT(.K; j) = To (£.f [-k,\ Ca5 ~ ccsL, ~) ~

-rt(Sit1 ~ 51nh ~)g J

1.>.1 /(Jt",1j) of 'PROB~~/Yf 1.:5 IS

J.I EA0 SPEED of Sou/1/D.

'" ('" I ex + l" \ e"-.

0 COS e~.x + sin g e.~

~ ;:( ~!,\" e); + I~ IS! e.~

.afr= case = cos e (2..)( + CZ!j

~~ Sirl e)~ FRo/Yl '?ROB. J./~

+ y!:- (- Si118 + cZ~ case) 2e fY -= I'm ( I - X)

1.10 MASS 01=' SOLID

WHIC.H REQUIRES -n-tAT *-1

257 STANDARD CONOlTIONS

2.2 FOR A PER FEeT q AS) 2.6 EQUATING: -p 13EFO~E ANt)

f3=;;(-¥)T ='p'RT =="P -p =P5 ~ 0 :=. P ( <j ;-0.) 'j Q,

2.l.f Is IN 1n.2; 3J~ ~

~~ ./'2.2. -= 2.2\ ':: 2'.£c; 1ft.

Pp = 'iIM JOII. :O,6JH2-D fuwtr~,

~ qf({!5 ~~~/ ~-~ ~-?g "'d2iJf~-(d2"d3)Off1p

"Po ":: "30.11". H~ ASSUM£ ISOTHE.R.MAL COM-

.'. h. = q I g 2 ft. PRESSION <:)1= AIR IN TH£

:r: -.. --:'- --_-. - 5888 h = I. '3 ~4 q..

1'lr='Pa To I'H;1.(J Cj ('-/") +-f'~ 9 (10")

24 . PoIN! A HAS THE HI9HER P = 'Pafnt. .,.. ~H.:20 9 (3-g)

2.JS AS THE TANK CONTINU£S TO h = IS: I Y ff:

M ~ C. '1f''3 Ll){ o.os-d A a

0 (ll.';)(-Pyy:;. 6 I~/R:S) +f9R"){2.J'&:.. 2 /~

BoUYANT FORCE VARIES

23 e~0(+2Q Q-fQJz1) 2.2.4 5.~. I. 0:25= @ If£" rn.

/-+ (1- V%t.)3~

tj~ = -,13 in (1- ~ if"): 300}oook{i-.O'fq

~-~ 2 Ylla3a - ~~6~ NEGLECTINq

'Po" -H..tM. = ,ag ~ +tE J (f-12)

F::.2·~ ,/9; +l/'9'S'o = 18,790 Ibf

"'EED ,0 KNOW' C.4 PosrnoN

=fJw9 (~6 f20l{O) +-~ j (2.q~3 -20L/O)

(FORM INCLUDED) "-~ 1Ir 1+ 7(J. r lJ

'DISTANCE FROH BoTTOM ==

1././ V =IO~ r7x l, f)c.s.f'(v.nJdA ... k fVdV =0

A UNIT VEcTOR IN -304 DIREcnON V= 'i (I-fi) fp:. ..

l/. 2 {} = 10 ~x + 2 x .~'J l/.'1

10 'J = }{2 .,. C j (2, I) .'. c = ~

))Ai f' (1J·n )dA + »),40 f' (V-. n)cl A

K~(-o-.n)dA = -1'11; (6cO + WtHoRlc.

• ~. d M + Jr d rn =0 :. ~E0 lb.,. + 2. 13J

fls.pCi/".n)dA -1" ;~av ~O

v-= 2~Jo ~(I -zf'de

11"mo.x = C, b .,. C b2.

C ~... =-~ 11' wrCJ.X

11" ~ q V-*~" [t ~ (~t]

1~'16~ 1TQ6)2.1~~O-'~ 0 U".5

@BaT Vsc:nt (1f(G,~

0 5'! 'iTL blf~

5: pv,dx :: 2 [p~lfdHJ.:C~ dX] F~ ®~

f: (p, -~ )dy - DRA~

=f'~.~..t + 2V;2. -1/ V;=>J

: . ~ "'l1..".:l ( SJ~CS ~,~

-=-(1",)(.,! .,~,)(8·OO ~) = 179.

= ,oQ1. (-k. -:k,) ~ Fx =KG'S. Vx pC von)dA