Analysis

 Sources of Error: In the experiment, we were tasked to put a 10g weight on the first pan
and set it on equilibrium with the second pan other side of the beam and vice versa with
the second pan holding a 5g weight but setting it on equilibrium was one of sources of error
we encountered because we use are eyes to see if the pans are balanced and in equilibrium.
Maybe some of our date were not accurate because maybe what we saw were not a balanced
beam.

 Concepts/ Principles Used: The general concept that are used in this experiment is about
equilibrium. For an object to be in equilibrium, it must be experiencing no acceleration.
This means that both the net force and the net torque on the object must be zero. And for
this experiment the main concept is about the second condition, torque.

 Relation of Data to the Concept: In the first part of the experiment, the distance of pan 1
and pan 2 from the center of varies depending on the weight they contain. In the data sheet,
the distance of pan 1 with 10g from the center of the beam is 12.5 cm and the pan 2 to the
center is 17.5 cm. In the next part, the distance of pan 2 with 5g to the center is 18.0 cm
and the pan 1 to the center 15.0 cm. This explains that the pan with the heavier mass must
be placed closer to the axis of rotation. Consequently, the empty pan which will be moved
to compensate the heaviness of the first pan must be positioned away from the axis. In
relation to the concept of the experiment, the distance from the pivot point or the center
varies depending on the force to achieve a the second condition of equilibrium. In the
second part, the axis of rotation was put in the second hole in the beam and 50 g weight
was put on the pan 1 to set the beam in equilibrium. In relation to the concept, The axis of
rotation can affect the center of gravity of a system.

Conclusion

 Overall success: The experiment about torque and 2nd condition of equilibrium were
successful. The group were be able to apply rhe 2nd condition of equilibrium in analyzing
systems that are in rotational equilibrium. They were also able to determine the weight of
a rigid body using the 2nd condition of equilibrium.
  Discussion of Concept in the Experiment: The second condition necessary to achieve
equilibrium involves avoiding accelerated rotation (maintaining a constant angular
velocity). A rotating body or system can be in equilibrium if its rate of rotation is constant
and remains unchanged by the forces acting on it. Just like in the first part of the
experiment. The beam is a rotating body and in order for it to be in equilibrium each lever
arm must be stable and balanced. This tell us that the second condition of equilibrium
requires that the total torque of the system be zero and the angular momentum is zero.

 Understandings: I now understand the concept of 2nd condition of equilibrium. In order for
it to achieve it involves avoiding accelerated motion. Also, for a rotating body to achieve
equilibrium the net torque must be equal to zero. Other thing that I learned is that if the
torques that would rotate an object counter clockwise may be taken as positive and torques
that would rotate an object clockwise may be taken as negative. Moreover, If the resultant
moment about a particular axis is zero, the object will have no rotational acceleration about
the axis. If the object is not spinning, it will not start to spin. If the object is spinning, it will
continue to spin at the same constant angular velocity.

 Application in my Course: In my field of study, civil engineering, is about constructing and

building infrastuctures. They used tools that apply the idea of torque like a wrench. When
you use a wrench to tighten or loosen a nut around a bolt, you apply a pulling force around
the rotation axis of the nut, allowing the torque to kick in and rotate. If you want to increase
the torque for turning the nut around the bolt, you will have to increase the distance of the
force application point to the pivot point or increase the amount of force being applied.

References

 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/conditions-for-equilibrium/
 https://physicslab-a12.weebly.com/blog/experiment-2-torque-2nd-condition-of-
equilibrium
 http://www.binarytranslator.com/important-concepts-of-torque-and-real-life-applications