Section 0.

3
Wastewater Treatment Process

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
1. Sources of wastewater

Urban wastewater Industrial wastewater

Livestock breeding
Initial rainwater
wastewater

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
1. Sources of wastewater
Standards
“Discharge standard of pollutant for municipal wastewater treatment plant” (GB 18918-2002)
Standards for the reuse of urban recycling water:
• “The reuse of urban recycling water--Classified standard” (GB/T 18919-2002)
• “Water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water consumption” (GB/T 18920-2002)
• “Water quality standard for scenic environment use” (GB/T 18921-2002)
• “Water quality standard for groundwater recharge” (GB/T 19772-2005)
• “Water quality standard for industrial use” (GB/T 19923-2005)
• “Water quality of farmland irrigation water” (GB 20922-2007)

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
1. Sources of wastewater

COD 300~500 mg/L COD <50 mg/L

BOD5 180~250 mg/L BOD5 <10 mg/L
SS <10 mg/L
SS 200~250 mg/L
TN <15 mg/L
TN 30~60 mg/L NH4+-N <5 mg/L
TP 5~8 mg/L TP <0.5 mg/L

Municipal wastewater Plant’s effluent

Class I-A of discharge standard
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
2. Levels of wastewater treatment
Preliminary treatment
• Treatment of industrial wastewater before discharge into sewer pipes

Primary treatment
• Physical methods - remove suspended solids
• Treatment units: Screens, grit chamber and sedimentation
Secondary treatment
• Biological methods - remove colloids, dissolved organics, N and P

Tertiary or advanced treatment

• Tertiary treatment - for secondary effluent to reach emission standard
• Advanced treatment - for secondary effluent to reach reuse standard
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
3. Municipal wastewater treatment process
50~70% SS removal rate 75~95%
20~40% BOD removal rate 75~95%
Primary treatment Secondary treatment

Wastewater Grit Primary Biological Secondary

Screen Effluent
chamber sedimentation treatment sedimentation

Disinfectant
Activated sludge recirculation

清华大学环境学院 Sludge treatment

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
3. Municipal wastewater treatment process

Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
 Inorganic particles Suspended solids Organics, N and P
Pump Aerated grit Primary Biological Secondary
station chamber sedimentation process sedimentation
tank tank
Chlorination

Cl2
Screen

Tonghui River

Sludge dewatering

Sand cleaning Sludge Sludge

thickener digestion tank

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering Gaobeidian WWTP process
Physicochemical Technology
4. Industrial wastewater treatment process
4.1 Industrial wastewater treatment methods
• Industrial wastewater treated separately
• Industrial wastewater treated together with municipal wastewater
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Industrial wastewater Pretreatment
treatment treatment treatment

Sewer pipes

Municipal WWTP

Natural water
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
 4. Industrial wastewater treatment process
4.2 Typical treatment process for industrial wastewater
Regulating
reservoir Inorganic particles and grease
Primary treatment Secondary treatment Most organics

Petrochemical Grit Oil 1st air 2nd air Aeration Secondary

wastewater chamber separation floating floating tank sedimentation

Activated
Clean water Sand
Emission and reuse carbon
reservoir filtration
absorption
Tertiary treatment
Petrochemical wastewater treatment process
Residual particles and soluble substances
清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
 4. Industrial wastewater treatment process
4.2 Typical treatment process for industrial wastewater

Regulating
Screen Bio-contact
Wastewater Screens reservoir Coagulation Air floating Effluent
mesh oxidation
(sediment)
Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment

Fibrous matter and precipitable suspended solids Most organics Refractory organics

Textile wastewater treatment process

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology
5. Hot research topics

 Treatment of industrial wastewater with refractory organics

 Reclamation and reuse of wastewater
 Reduction of energy consumption of wastewater treatment process
 Treatment and disposal of excess sludge
 ……

清华大学环境学院
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Physicochemical Technology