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Bolide
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For the Swedish guided missile BOLIDE, see RBS 70.

A bolide � a very bright meteor of an apparent magnitude of -14 or brighter

World map of bolide events (1994�2013)[1]

A bolide (French via Latin from the Greek �???? bol�s, "missile"[2][3]) is an
extremely bright meteor, especially one that explodes in the atmosphere. In
astronomy, it refers to a fireball about as bright as the full moon, and it is
generally considered a synonym for a fireball. In geology, a bolide is a very large
impactor.

One definition describes a bolide as a fireball reaching an apparent magnitude of

-14 or brighter � more than twice as bright as the full moon.[4] Another definition
describes a bolide as any generic large crater-forming impacting body whose
composition (for example, whether it is a rocky or metallic asteroid, or an icy
comet) is unknown.[5]

A superbolide is a bolide that reaches an apparent magnitude of -17 or brighter,[4]

[6] which is roughly 100 times brighter than the full moon. Recent examples of
superbolides include the Sutter's Mill meteorite and the Chelyabinsk meteor.

Contents
1 Astronomy
1.1 Superbolide
2 Geology
3 Gallery
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Astronomy
See also: Meteoroid � Fireball

Animation of a bolide's atmospheric entry and air-burst

The IAU has no official definition of "bolide", and generally considers the term
synonymous with fireball, a brighter-than-usual meteor; however, the term generally
applies to fireballs reaching an apparent magnitude -14 or brighter.[4] Astronomers
tend to use bolide to identify an exceptionally bright fireball, particularly one
that explodes (sometimes called a detonating fireball).[7] It may also be used to
mean a fireball that is audible.

Superbolide
See also: List of meteor air bursts
Selected superbolide air-bursts events:

Tunguska event (Russia, 1908)

2009 Sulawesi superbolide (Indonesia, 2009)
Chelyabinsk meteor (Russia, 2013)
Geology
Geologists use the term bolide in a somewhat different context than astronomers do.
In geology, it indicates a very large impactor. For example, the Woods Hole Coastal
and Marine Science Center of the USGS uses bolide for any large crater-forming
impacting body whose origin and composition is unknown, as, for example, whether it
was a stony or metallic asteroid, or a less dense, icy comet made of volatiles,
such as water, ammonia and methane.[5]

Gallery
File:????? ????????? ??? ??????????? 15 02 2013 avi-iCawTYPtehk.ogv
Footage of a superbolide exploding over Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia in 2013.

A bolide from the Geminids meteor shower (SAO RAS, vmag ?-3) in December 2010.

Tunguska event of 1908 (imaged by a Soviet expedition in 1927).

See also
Comet Shoemaker�Levy 9 �?Impacts
Earth-grazing fireball
Meteor procession
Tollmann's hypothetical bolide
References
"We are not Alone: Government Sensors Shed New Light on Asteroid Hazards".
Universe Today. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
"Definition of BOLIDE". merriam-webster.com.
"bolide". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September
2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Belton, MJS (2004). Mitigation of hazardous comets and asteroids. Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 0521827647.:156
"Introduction: What is a Bolide?". Woodshole.er.usgs.gov. 1 April 1998. Retrieved
16 September 2011.
Adushkin, Vitaly; Ivan Nemchinov (2008). Catastrophic events caused by cosmic
objects. Springer. ISBN 1402064527.:133
"bolide". Oxford Dictionary of Astronomy. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
External links
Look up bolide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
historic record of bolides that have been witnessed entering the Earth�s atmosphere
around the world from 861 through 2012 (B612 Foundation)
Bolide Events 1988 - 2017 neo.jpl.nasa.gov
vte
Modern impact events
vte
Planetary defense
vte
Meteorites and meteoritics
Categories: MeteoroidsPlanetary geologyAtmospheric entry
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