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All materials used in any building works or street works shall be-
(a) of a suitable nature and quality for the purposes for which they are used;
(b) adequately mixed or prepared; and
(c) applied, used or fixed so as to perform adequately the functions for which they are designed.
(Enacted 1990)
The structure of every building, street, building works and street works shall be capable of safely sustaining and
transmitting to the ground the combined dead loads, imposed loads and wind loads, determined in accordance with the
provisions of Part III, in such a manner as not to-
(a) cause any deflection, deformation or other movement, which would impair the stability of, or cause damage
to, the whole or any part of that building, street, building works or street works or any other building,
structure, land, street or services; or
(b) exceed the appropriate limitations of design stresses of the whole or any part of that or any other building,
street, building works or street works.
(Enacted 1990)
Structural designs submitted to the Building Authority for approval under the Ordinance shall comply with the laws of
mechanics and recognized engineering principles.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Subject to subregulation (2), no building, street, building works or street works shall be subjected to a load
beyond its proper bearing capacity.
(2) This regulation shall not apply with respect to any load which may be required for the purpose of testing.
(Enacted 1990)
Regulation: 7 Adjoining and other building or land not to be adversely E.R. 1 of 2012 09/02/2012
affected
No building works shall be carried out which may affect adversely the stability of any adjoining building, structure,
land, street or services.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) At the outer edge of all balconies, verandahs, staircases, landings or projections, or where there is a difference in
adjacent levels greater than 600 mm, protective barriers shall be provided to restrict or control the movement of
persons and vehicles.
(2) Protective barriers provided under this regulation to restrict or control the movement of persons shall be-
(a) designed and constructed to minimize the risk of persons or objects falling, rolling, sliding or slipping
Site investigation in respect of any building works or street works shall be carried out in such a manner and to such
recognized standards as to provide adequate geotechnical and other relevant data for the design and construction of the
building works or the street works.
(Enacted 1990)
Regulation: 9A Building design and construction in connection with lifts E.R. 1 of 2012 09/02/2012
and escalators
Cement for general use shall be ordinary or rapid hardening Portland cement of such composition, manufacture
and chemical and physical properties as are suitable for its intended purpose.
(Enacted 1990)
Water for general use shall be clean, fresh water free from harmful matter.
(Enacted 1990)
Materials for damp proofing shall be durable, impervious to moisture and in all respects suitable for their
(1) Except where otherwise provided in these regulations, a building, street, building works or street works
shall be so designed and constructed that-
(a) the resistance to the sliding force acting thereon shall be not less than 1.5 times the sliding force due to
any loads;
(b) the resistance to the uplift force acting thereon shall be not less than 1.5 times the uplift force due to
any loads; and
(c) the resistance to the overturning moment acting thereon shall be not less than 1.5 times the overturning
moment due to wind loads and 2 times the overturning moment due to loads other than wind loads.
(2) The resistance to the uplift force shall be calculated as the sum of the downward force due to the minimum
dead loads plus that due to any permitted anchoring resistance.
(3) The resistance to the overturning moment shall be calculated as the sum of the stabilizing moment due to
the minimum dead loads plus that due to any permitted anchoring resistance.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) In calculating dead loads, the unit weights of the materials shall be based on reliable data.
(2) When the position of permanent partitions is indicated on the plan of a building, the weights of those
partitions shall be included in the dead loads.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The imposed load on any building, street, building works or street works shall be the greatest applied load likely
to arise from the intended use or purpose of the building, street, building works or street works (including forces
exerted by the adjacent ground), but subject to this regulation-
(a) the minimum imposed load on a building or street shall be-
(i) the distributed load specified in column 3 of Table 1 applied uniformly on plan; or
(ii) the concentrated load specified in column 4 of Table 1 applied on plan over any square with a 50 mm
side (or over any square otherwise specified in that column) or the line load specified in that column,
(L.N. 3 of 2011)
(iii) (Repealed L.N. 3 of 2011)
whichever shall produce the most adverse effect;
(b) (Repealed L.N. 3 of 2011)
Table 1
1 2 3 4
Concentrated
load in kN to be
applied on plan
Distributed load over any square
in kPa to be with a 50 mm
Class Use applied side (unless
uniformly on otherwise
plan specified in this
column), or line
load in kN per
metre length
1 Floors for—
domestic use;
dormitories;
Floors for—
laboratories;
Floors for—
banking halls;
Floors for—
Floors for—
Floors for—
grandstands;
public halls;
dance halls;
gymnasia;
Floors for—
Floors for—
(a) stack rooms in book stores and 3.5 for each metre of to be determined according
libraries storage height(2) but not less to the weight of storage
than 10.0 material, but not less than
9.0
(c) paper storage in printing plants 8.0 for each metre of to be determined according
storage height(2) to the weight of storage
material, but not less than
9.0
(d) battery rooms and 10.0 for each metre of to be determined according
(e) general storage other than those 2.5 for each metre of to be determined according
specified in (a), (b), (c) or (d) storage height(2) to the weight of storage
immediately above, including material, but not less than
storage in warehouses 9.0
Floors for—
Floors for—
(a) for vehicles not exceeding 3000 3.0 20.0 to be applied on plan
kg gross weight over any square with a 200
mm side (instead of a 50
mm side)
(c) of or greater than 20o but less linear interpolation from 1.5
than 40o 0.75 to 0 according to the
slope
Utility platforms same as the floors to which line load of 2.0 kN per
they give access but not metre length to be applied
less than 4.0 along the outer edge
Floors for—
(1) Seating is regarded as fixed if the removal of the seating and the use of the relevant space for other purposes are unlikely to
occur.
(2) Storage height (貯存高度) means the height of the space between the following: the floor, and a physical constraint to the
height of storage formed by a ceiling, soffit of a floor, roof or other obstruction.
(L.N. 3 of 2011)
(1A) The greatest applied load mentioned in subregulation (1) must be derived from reliable data obtained from a
source recognized by the Building Authority. (L.N. 3 of 2011)
(2) (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d) and (e), in calculating the total imposed load on any column,
pier, wall or foundation, the distributed imposed load on the roof and every floor carried thereby may be
subject to the reductions specified in Table 2.
(b) Where a single span of beam supports not less than 45 m2 of floor at any one level the distributed imposed
load for the purpose only of determining the design of the beam may be subject to a reduction of 5% for
each complete 45 m2 of that floor so supported but not more than 20% in all.
(c) The reduction specified in paragraph (a) or (b), whichever is the greater, may be taken into account in
calculating the total load on any column, pier, wall or foundation.
(d) For factories and workshops designed for a distributed imposed load of 7.5 kPa or more the total imposed
load shall not be reduced below that obtained if all the floors had been designed for a distributed imposed
load of 7.5 kPa without the reduction specified in Table 2.
(e) No reduction of the imposed loads shall be applied with respect to-
(i) plant or machinery which is specifically allowed for; or
(ii) floors of factories and workshops designed for a distributed imposed load of less than 7.5 kPa; or
(iii) floors used by vehicles ; or (L.N. 3 of 2011)
Table 2
(3) Protective barriers installed to restrict or control the movement of persons shall be designed to resist the
minimum horizontal imposed loads specified in Table 3 when separately applied or the wind load (where
applicable), whichever shall produce the more adverse effects.
Table 3
(4) Vehicle barriers for carriageways, floors, driveways and ramps used by vehicles must be designed to withstand
the greatest impact force anticipated subject to the following requirements—
where—
v is the velocity of the vehicle normal to the barrier in metre per second,
(b) the impact force is to be uniformly distributed over any length of 1.5 m and acting horizontally at the
bumper height of the vehicle. (L.N. 3 of 2011)
(5) (a) Forces produced by dynamic effects shall be considered as additional imposed loads in the design of
buildings, streets, building works and street works.
(b) The forces produced by dynamic effects in any workshop, factory or other building for industrial use may
be determined on the basis of information about the particular building, but if not so determined shall be
presumed-
(i) for the purpose only of determining the design of slabs and beams, to be an additional vertical imposed
load of 2.5 kPa; and
(ii) for the purpose of determining the design of structural frames and foundations, to be an additional
horizontal force (which may be assumed not to act together with the wind load) of 10% of the vertical
imposed load specified in subparagraph (i) acting simultaneously on the N number of floors which will
produce the most adverse effects, where N is a whole number not less than 0.2 times the total number
of floors subject to dynamic effects.
(Enacted 1990)
The wind load on any building, street, building works or street works shall be based on the response of that
building, street, building works or street works to the velocity and gust effect of winds from any direction suitably
determined from a return period of not less than 50 years.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) In every storey of every industrial building or warehouse, there shall be exhibited by the owner, at each
staircase or at some other appropriate place, permanently and conspicuously, a notice in English and Chinese incised
or embossed, of metal, plastic or other suitable material, in letters and figures not less than 15 mm high, stating the
distributed imposed load (not including dynamic effects) for which the floor has been designed in terms of weight per
square metre, in the following form-
BUILDINGS ORDINANCE
(Chapter 123)
NOTICE
(第123章)
告示
此樓面之外加荷載每平方米不得超逾 ...............公斤
(L.N.98 of 1997)
(2) Where floors of different rooms or different parts of floors have been designed for different distributed
imposed loads, a notice in the form in subregulation (1) shall be suitably displayed in each room or on each part of the
floor, as the case may be, indicating the variations.
(3) For the purposes of this regulation the distributed imposed load designed in units of kPa shall be indicated
in the notice in the form in subregulation (1) in units of kilograms per square metre by the conversion of 1 kPa to 102
kilograms per square metre.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Site formation works shall be designed and constructed so that during construction and thereafter there is an
adequate margin of safety of the works and the remainder of the site.
(2) The carrying out of site formation works shall not render inadequate the margin of safety of, or cause
damage to, any building, structure, land, street or services.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Bulk excavation in area number 1 of the scheduled areas shall not be carried out below levels determined by
the Building Authority.
(2) For the purposes of this regulation "bulk excavation" ( 大型挖掘工程 ) means all excavation except
excavation for ground investigation, public utility trenches, drains, sewers or piles.
(Enacted 1990)
In this Part-
"ultimate bearing capacity" (極限承載力) in relation to ground that supports foundations, means the value of the
loading intensity at which the resistance of the ground becomes fully mobilized or undergoes substantial
deformation;
"working load" (工作荷載) means the loads calculated in accordance with Part III which the foundation is designed
to carry.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Foundation works shall be carried out so as not to render inadequate the margin of safety of, or impair the
stability of, or cause damage to any building, structure, land, street or services.
(2) Where dewatering is to be undertaken, appropriate procedures shall be adopted and precautionary measures
shall be provided to prevent any undue resultant deformation or other movement which could impair the stability of,
or cause damage to, any building, structure, land, street or services.
(Enacted 1990)
Where foundations are to be constructed, a site investigation shall be undertaken to provide all the necessary
information for the design and construction of the foundations.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The allowable capacity for bearing, bond or friction of the ground supporting any foundation under working
load shall not exceed-
(a) the ultimate capacity for bearing, bond or friction of that ground with an adequate factor of safety
against failure; or
(b) the value in relation to bearing, bond or friction of that ground such that the deformation or movement
(including total settlement, differential settlement and lateral movement) will not be greater than that
which can be tolerated by the building, building works, structure or street supported by the foundation,
whichever is the less.
(2) The ultimate capacity for bearing, bond or friction of the supporting ground shall be determined by-
(a) suitable tests to establish the engineering properties of the supporting ground together with the
application of recognized foundation engineering principles; or
(b) testing of the foundation on site; or
(c) other suitable methods.
(3) Where the allowable bearing capacity is to be determined on the basis of the ultimate bearing capacity of
the supporting ground, due consideration shall be given to all the circumstances, including the ground water
conditions, the shape and depth of the foundation, the inclination and eccentricity of the loads, and the nature and
slope of the surrounding ground, and, in the case of rock, the presence of dissolution features, the jointing of the rock
and the spacing, dip, thickness and degree of weathering of the joints and any other relevant characteristics.
(4) The allowable capacity of foundations for bearing, bond or friction resisting the combined effects of dead,
imposed and wind loads may be increased by not more than 25% where such increase is solely due to wind loads.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) All pile foundations shall be of adequate load carrying capacity and of recognized type suitable for the
ground conditions.
(2) The allowable load on pile foundations shall be determined by-
(a) acceptable foundation engineering principles; or
(b) tests on the foundations on site,
with an adequate factor of safety appropriate to the type of pile, taking into account ground conditions, the method of
installation and group effects.
(3) Where pile foundations are installed through a stratum which is likely to undergo consolidation after the
foundations are in place-
(a) the frictional resistance of the consolidating stratum and the overlying soil shall not be taken into
account in the determination of the load carrying capacity; and
(b) the downward frictional force exerted from the consolidating strata and the overlying soil shall be
considered as imposed load.
(1) The concrete stresses in cast-in-place concrete foundations at working load shall not exceed-
(a) the appropriate limitations of design stresses of the concrete, in the case of concreting in dry
conditions;
(b) 80% of the appropriate limitations of design stresses of the concrete, in the case where groundwater is
likely to be encountered during concreting.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subregulation (1) the average compressive stress on the nominal cross sectional
area of cast-in-place concrete piles of least lateral dimension not exceeding 750 mm shall not exceed 5 MPa under
working load due to dead and imposed loads and shall not exceed 6.25 MPa under working load due to combined
dead, imposed and wind loads.
(3) In-situ concrete linings in all cast-in-place concrete piles shall not be considered as contributing to the
structural strength of the foundation.
(Enacted 1990)
Adequate horizontal restraints in at least 2 directions shall be provided to individual piles or pile caps.
(Enacted 1990)
Where the Building Authority has any doubt as to the design assumption or load carrying capacity of any
foundation, he may require tests to be made on site on the foundation or on the ground in which the foundation is
placed by the imposition of a test load or any other suitable method.
(Enacted 1990)
A sufficient number of proof tests are to be carried out on representative foundation units to ascertain the
performance of the foundation under load by means of-
(a) the imposition of test loads; or
(b) core drilling of the completed cast-in-place concrete foundation; or
(c) any other suitable method,
as appropriate to the type of foundation.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Where improvement of the load carrying capacity of the ground is to be achieved by ground treatment,
adequate proof of the suitability of the method and materials to be used shall be given.
(2) Where ground treatment has been carried out, adequate tests of the treated ground shall be carried out.
(3) Where the ground treatment may affect any building, structure, land, street or services, adequate
precautionary measures shall be taken.
(Enacted 1990)
The ground surface within the external walls of every building shall be covered with suitable materials for
protection against the penetration of moisture.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The ground surface of every external area of every building unless landscaped shall be suitably paved.
(2) Such surface paving shall be laid to fall at a gradient of not less than 1 in 80 to a gully trap or drainage
channels connected to a surface water drain.
(Enacted 1990)
The floor of every room to which a water supply is provided shall be constructed of suitable impermeable
material.
(Enacted 1990)
The level of the floor next above the external ground of every building shall be not less than 150 mm above the
level of the external ground or paving at the entrance to that floor.
(Enacted 1990)
Every skirting shall be solidly bedded against the wall to which it is attached.
(Enacted 1990)
In this Part-
"cladding" (覆蓋層) means a facing or architectural decoration additional to the external walls of any building.
(Enacted 1990)
No timber shall be built into the thickness of any brick, concrete or masonry wall.
(Enacted 1990)
Every wall of a building in contact with a possible source of damp shall be provided with adequate protection
against the penetration of moisture.
(Enacted 1990)
In this Part-
"curtain wall" (幕牆) means a non load-bearing enclosure fixed on to the load-bearing structure with its dead loads,
imposed loads and wind loads transferred to the structure through fixings.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Every curtain wall shall safely sustain and transmit to the load-bearing structure the combined dead loads,
imposed loads and wind loads without such deflection or deformation as will cause the curtain wall damage or impair
its stability.
(2) Every curtain wall shall-
(a) be constructed entirely of non-combustible materials; and
(b) be designed in accordance with recognized engineering principles relating to the design and structural
use of materials for curtain wall construction.
(3) The connection of curtain wall supports to the load-bearing structure shall not in any way impair the
structural integrity or behaviour of the member to which the support is being fixed and the supports shall be fixed to
the structure by-
(a) a cast-in anchorage in a structural concrete member; or
(b) being welded to a structural steel member.
(4) Where the penetration of a curtain wall by water or moisture occurs, or where condensation cannot be
prevented, provision shall be made for the collection and discharge of any seepage or condensed water without
damage to the curtain wall.
(5) Where materials or a combination of materials used in the construction of a curtain wall may be affected by
electrolytic or chemical action the surface of such materials shall be satisfactorily treated or separated to prevent
corrosion.
(6) The suitability and adequacy of every curtain wall shall be demonstrated by tests.
(Enacted 1990)
This Part shall apply to all chimneys and flues the internal size of which exceeds 200 mm in diameter, breadth or
width, or 3 m in height.
(Enacted 1990)
Every appliance producing products of combustion shall have adequate provision for the discharge of the
products of combustion to the outside air.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Every chimney, flue, hearth and fireplace recess shall be-
(a) constructed of non-combustible materials of such a nature, quality and thickness as not to be unduly
affected by heat, condensation or the products of combustion;
(b) so constructed and of such thickness or, in the case of a flue, placed or shielded as to prevent the
ignition of any part of any building.
(2) Every chimney shall be so constructed that-
(a) the temperature of the exposed faces shall not reach a level that would cause damage to nearby parts of
the building;
(b) the products of combustion shall not escape through the walls of the chimney.
(3) Every flue shall-
(a) whether inside or outside the building, be so placed or shielded that there is neither unnecessary risk of
accidental damage to the flue nor unnecessary danger to persons in or near the building;
(b) terminate in such a position that the products of combustion cannot enter nearby windows or other
openings, fresh air inlets, mechanical ventilation inlets or exhausts.
(1) Any metal used in the construction of a flue or chimney shall be protected against corrosion.
(2) Metals shall not be used in such combinations as to cause electrolytic or chemical action which could
adversely affect any part of a flue or chimney.
(3) At the point where a chimney or flue penetrates the wall or roof of a building a flashing shall be provided
that is suitable and takes into account different co-efficients of expansion and electrolytic or chemical action.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) A flat roof adjoining any building shall be at a level of not less than 150 mm below any adjoining usable
floor space.
(2) Access for maintenance shall be provided to every flat roof.
(Enacted 1990)
Materials
(1) Cement for concrete shall be ordinary, rapid hardening or sulphate resisting Portland cement of such
composition, manufacture and chemical and physical properties as are suitable for the production of concrete.
(2) High alumina cement shall not be used for concrete.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Subject to subregulations (2) and (3) aggregates used shall be crushed or uncrushed natural mineral
substances and shall comply with the quality and grading requirements suitable for the production of concrete.
(2) Separate fine and coarse aggregate shall be used for concrete.
(3) No concrete containing embedded metal shall have in it unwashed marine sand.
(Enacted 1990)
Water for concrete shall be clean, fresh water free from harmful matter.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The admixtures used for concrete shall be suitable and effective for the purpose of modifying the
Reinforcement for concrete shall be hot rolled steel bars, cold reduced steel wire or steel fabric of suitable
composition, manufacture, and chemical and physical properties.
(Enacted 1990)
Pre-stressing tendons for concrete shall be high tensile steel wire and strand or high tensile alloy steel bars in the
hot rolled or hot rolled and processed condition of suitable composition, manufacture, and chemical and physical
properties.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Subject to regulation 60, each grade of concrete shall be designed mix concrete and shall be denoted by a
specified grade strength in MPa with the suffix D and the nominal maximum size of aggregate in millimetres.
(2) The cement content of any concrete mix shall not exceed 550 kg per cubic metre of the compacted concrete.
(3) The total chloride content of the concrete mix shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4 expressed as a
percentage relationship between chloride ion and mass of cement in the mix.
TABLE 4
(1) Designed mix concrete shall have the specified grade strength in accordance with Table 5 for the particular
application of the concrete except for marine works or where the concrete is exposed to particularly corrosive
conditions a higher grade strength than that specified may be required.
(2) The cement content of concrete shall be not less than the appropriate amount given in Table 6.
TABLE 6
40 mm 20 mm 10 mm
maximum maximum maximum
aggregates aggregates aggregates
Reinforced concrete 260 290 340
Pre-stressed concrete 300 300 360
(3) Concrete shall be tested in accordance with regulation 58 for compliance with the specified grade strength
set out in regulation 59.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The compressive strength of concrete shall be determined by testing standard 150 mm cubes 28 days after
mixing.
(2) A representative sample shall be taken from the fresh concrete to make test cubes and each sample shall be
taken from a single batch.
(3) The rate of sampling fresh concrete shall be at least that specified in Table 7 and at least one sample shall
be taken from each grade of concrete produced on any one day.
(4) From each sample of concrete taken 2 cubes shall be made by a suitable method.
TABLE 7
SAMPLING RATES
(1) The specified grade strength for concrete shall be deemed to have been attained if the individual test results
and the average results of all overlapping sets of 4 consecutive test results comply with the criteria specified in Table
8.
(2) When there are more than 4 test results the average of each set of 4 consecutive test results shall be
calculated and checked for compliance each time a new test result is produced, using that test result and the
immediately preceding 3 test results.
(3) Where there are only 2 or 3 test results available, those results shall be treated for the purposes of this
regulation as if they were 4 consecutive test results.
TABLE 8
Column A Column B
Average of 4 consecutive test results Any individual test result shall not be
shall exceed the specified grade less than the specified grade strength
Specified grade strength strength by at least minus
20 D and above 5 MPa 3 MPa
Below 20 D 2 MPa 2 MPa
(4) If the average strength determined from any group of 4 consecutive test results does not satisfy Column A
of Table 8 then the batches of concrete represented by the first and last samples in the group and all intervening
batches shall be deemed not to have attained the specified grade strength.
(5) If an individual test result does not satisfy Column B of Table 8 then only the particular batch of concrete
from which the sample was taken shall be deemed not to have attained the specified grade strength provided that the
averages of all groups of 4 consecutive results in which the individual test result appears all satisfy Column A of Table
8.
(6) If the requirements in subregulation (1) are not satisfied by any test result, investigations shall be made to
establish whether the concrete represented by the test result is acceptable or not.
(7) If the difference between the compressive strengths of any pair of cubes made from the same sample of
concrete for specified grade strength 20 D and above exceeds 15% of the test result for that pair of cubes action shall
be taken to ensure that the sampling and testing procedures as required under regulation 58 are being followed.
(8) If the difference between the compressive strengths of any pair of cubes made from the same sample of
concrete for specified grade strength 20 D and above exceeds 20% of the test result for that pair of cubes that test
(1) Concrete may be a prescribed mix concrete as an alternative to designed mix concrete when it is used in
minor structural or non-structural works.
(2) Prescribed mix concrete shall be denoted by the specified grade strength in MPa with the suffix P.
(3) Prescribed mix concrete shall be made using mix proportions, batching by weight, selected from Table 9
depending on its intended use.
(4) Prescribed mix concrete shall comply with regulations 51, 52, 54, 61 and 62.
(5) The cement used in prescribed mix concrete shall be ordinary Portland cement.
TABLE 9
Construction
(1) The formwork for concrete shall support safely the combined effects of all loads so that the final concrete
structure is within the limits of acceptable dimensional tolerances.
(2) The minimum period which must elapse before formwork may be removed shall not be less than that given
in Table 10.
TABLE 10
(1) Subject to Part XV, the thickness of the concrete cover to reinforcement (exclusive of plaster rendering or
other applied covering or decorative finish) shall not be less than the size of that reinforcement or the dimension as
specified in Table 11, whichever is the greater and the cover to the ends of bars shall not be less than 25 mm.
TABLE 11
Further testing
(1) When concrete is considered from visual inspection to be suspect or when the specified grade strength has
been deemed not to be attained under regulation 59 the compressive strength of the concrete in the structure may be
determined by drilling a sufficient number of cores from the concrete at suitable locations.
(2) The nominal minimum size of the core shall be 150 mm diameter for 40 mm aggregate and 100 mm
diameter for 20 mm aggregate or less, and the length of the test sample cut from the core shall be at least 95% of the
core diameter.
(3) Cores drilled from concrete shall be prepared and tested by a recognized method to determine compressive
strength.
(4) No adjustment shall be made to the measured strength in respect of the age of the core when tested.
(Enacted 1990)
In this Part-
"retaining wall" (擋土牆) means a structure retaining earth or fill.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Retaining walls shall be designed and constructed to support safely the earth or fill they retain and other
loads without impairing the stability of, or causing damage to, any other building, structure, land, street or services.
(2) The design and construction of minor retaining walls shall comply with subregulation (1) but shall be
exempted from regulations 66 to 84.
Materials
Any filter used in a retaining wall shall when placed against soil be such as to allow water to flow through it
while restraining the migration of particles from the soil.
(Enacted 1990)
Backfill placed adjacent to retaining walls shall consist of material capable of being compacted to form a stable
fill.
(Enacted 1990)
Loads
Pressure from earth or fill shall be determined from soil mechanics theory with due consideration of the
acceptable deformations of the surroundings.
(Enacted 1990)
The design pressure for a retaining wall shall be not less than the pressure due to an equivalent fluid of unit
weight 5 kN per cubic metre.
(Enacted 1990)
Design
The design of a retaining wall shall take due account of the most onerous loading conditions whether during the
construction or the service life of the wall.
(Enacted 1990)
The design of a retaining wall shall be based on data from an appropriate site investigation.
Retaining walls shall be designed to provide adequate factors of safety against sliding, overturning and ultimate
bearing failure and against failure on a surface passing beneath the retaining wall.
(Enacted 1990)
Compatibility shall be ensured between the designed earth pressure and the deformation of the retaining wall.
(Enacted 1990)
Retaining walls constructed of unreinforced masonry or mass concrete shall be so designed that tension does not
develop in the wall or at the foundation.
(Enacted 1990)
Where it is likely that construction of a retaining wall will cause a rise in ground water level such that the
stability of any building, structure, land, street or services are likely to be impaired, preventive drainage measures shall
be installed.
(Enacted 1990)
Where a drainage system is provided to reduce any water pressure that may be imposed on the retaining wall,
such drainage system shall be designed and constructed so as not to be rendered ineffective during service by the
penetration of soil or by any other cause.
(Enacted 1990)
Adequate channels laid to suitable gradients, or paving laid in accordance with regulation 33 shall be formed at
the top and in front of every retaining wall to carry away any seepage or surface water.
(Enacted 1990)
The design of retaining walls at all stages of construction and excavation shall provide adequate factors of safety
against piping and bottom heave and have an adequate margin of safety for the stability of the toe of the retaining
wall.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Adequate weep holes shall be Provided through the face of every masonry retaining wall other than a
retaining wall which is subject to regulation 48 of the Building (Planning) Regulations (Cap 123 sub. leg. F).
(2) A layer of drainage and filter material at least 300 mm thick shall be provided at the back of every masonry
retaining wall.
Retaining walls constructed of masonry shall be provided with a proper coping of concrete or other suitable
material.
(Enacted 1990)
Retaining walls constructed of masonry shall be bonded and solidly put together with mortar and provided with
a foundation of concrete on solid undisturbed ground or on piles.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) Retaining walls constructed of masonry exceeding 4 m in height shall be provided with one or more bond
courses of-
(a) concrete at least 300 mm in depth; or
(b) reinforced concrete.
(2) The distance between the foundation and the first of such bond courses and the distance between any 2
adjacent bond courses shall not exceed 2 m measured vertically.
(Enacted 1990)
No well associated with a building or building works shall be sunk or reopened without the permission of the
Building Authority.
(Enacted 1990)
Wells shall be designed, constructed and operated so as not to impair the stability of, or cause damage to, any
building, structure, land, street or services.
(Enacted 1990)
No well shall be sunk in the vicinity of any septic tank, cesspool, sewage sump or in any foul ground.
(Enacted 1990)
(1) The top of every well shall be suitably protected to prevent the direct entry of any surface water or sullage
water.
(2) Every excavated well of finished diameter greater than 500 mm that is not sunk into solid rock shall be
properly lined for its entire depth with brickwork or other suitable material.
(3) Every well of finished diameter less than 500 mm shall be properly lined where support to the sides of the
well is needed.
(4) The lining of every well shall seal the well to a sufficient depth below ground level to prevent
(1) Every well of finished diameter greater than 500 mm shall be provided with suitably fixed rungs or foot
rests not more than 600 mm apart for the entire depth.
(2) Around the top of every well of finished diameter greater than 300 mm not provided with a fixed pump
installation, a suitable parapet wall, not less than 750 mm in height, shall be provided.
(3) All wells with a fixed pump installation shall be provided with a securely fixed cover which may be locked
to prevent public access and all other wells shall be fitted with a close-fitting cover.
(Enacted 1990)
(Omitted as spent)
(Enacted 1990)
Where plans of building works, street works, lift works or escalator works are submitted to the Building
Authority within 12 months after the coming into operation of these regulations, he may approve any such plans which
comply with the provisions of the law before the coming into operation of these regulations and give consent to the
commencement of the works shown on such plans.
(Enacted 1990)