PROPERTIES OF C-PURLINS ADOPTED FROM AISC STEEL CONSTRUCTION MAN

Nominal Area Depth Web Flange

Weight rts ho
Designation
W A d tw bf t
kg/m mm² mm mm mm mm mm mm
C3 X 3.5 5.209 703.224 76.2 3.353 34.798 6.934 11.557 69.342
C3 x 4.1 6.101 774.192 76.2 4.318 35.814 6.934 11.913 69.342
C3 x 5 7.441 948.385 76.2 6.553 38.100 6.934 12.573 69.342
C3 x 6 8.929 1135.482 76.2 9.042 40.640 6.934 13.183 69.342
C4 X 4.5 6.697 890.321 101.6 3.175 40.132 7.519 13.31 93.98
C4 X 5.4 8.036 1019.353 101.6 4.674 40.132 7.519 13.411 93.98
C4 X 7.2 10.715 1374.191 101.6 8.153 43.688 7.519 14.3 93.98
C5 x 6.7 9.971 1270.965 127 4.826 44.450 8.128 14.834 118.872
C5 x 9 13.393 1722.577 127 8.255 48.006 8.128 15.672 118.872

Fy = 248
Fu = 400
E = 200000

Note:
In the AISC Construction
Manual, the properties are
expressed in English units and
are converted to SI units
through proper conversion and
rounding-off to achieve
uniformity in calculation.

Function Type
Essential Facilities: I
Hazardous Facilities: II
Special Occupancy StruIII
Standard Occupancy StrIV
Miscellaneous StructurV

Sag Rods
None
Midspan
Third Points
L CONSTRUCTION MANUAL 13TH EDITION
Axis X-X Axis Y-Y Torsional Properties

I S r Z I S r Z J Cw
mm⁴ mm³ mm mm³ mm⁴ mm³ mm mm³ mm⁴ mm⁶
653483.3 17042.55 30.48 20319.96 70343.11 2982.446 10.008 5964.891 9406.83 74115899
686781.9 18025.77 29.718 21630.92 79500.2 3211.865 10.109 6538.439 11196.63 82440511
770028.1 20156.09 28.448 24908.34 100311.8 3736.251 10.287 7603.598 17689.84 1.02E+08
861599.1 22614.15 35.052 28513.49 124869.4 4309.798 10.490 8898.176 30176.78 1.24E+08
1519245 29988.33 41.402 34740.58 120290.9 4342.572 11.608 5260.248 13402.65 2.34E+08
1602491 31463.16 39.624 37526.38 129864.2 4539.217 11.278 9258.692 16607.63 2.47E+08
1906340 37526.38 37.338 46539.26 176898.4 5522.441 11.354 11389.01 34006.11 3.33E+08
3113411 48997.32 49.53 58174.08 195628.8 6095.988 12.421 12405.01 22851.11 5.96E+08
3700297 58337.95 46.482 71939.21 259728.4 7275.856 12.344 14961.39 45369.23 1.22E+11

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ALA, DATU ALAMANSUR S. BSCE 5 A

Name of Truss Span (m) Rise (m) Spacing of Purlins (m) Bay Length (m) Height Of The Building (m)

Double Howe Truss 10 1.5 1.25 3 10

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient Topographic Factor Gust Factor Wind Directionally Factor Kd,
( Kh and Kz ) ( kzt ) G MWFRS )

0.735 0.72 1 0.85 0.85

External Pressure Coeffecient, Cp

At windward surface:
h/L = 1.19
since h/L > 1, 15 At degree of 16.699 20 Cp1 (windward) =
-1 Cp1 -0.7 Cp2 (windward) =
-0.18 Cp2 -0.18

At leeward surface:
1.19
h/L = 15 At degree of 16.699 20 Cp (leeward)=
since h/L > 1, -0.6 Cp -0.6

Velocity Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz

(For MWFRSs not designed using Figure 207-10,
values under case 2 shall be taken for interpolation.)

by interpolation:
9 0.7 9 0.7
10.75 kh 10 kz
12 0.76 12 0.76

Kh= 0.735 Kz= 0.72

Velocity Pressures, qz and qh

qz= 47.3 x 10⁻⁶ Kz Kzt Kd V² Iw
qh= 47.3 x 10⁻⁶ Kh Kzt Kd V² Iw
qz= 0.749 qh= 0.765

Wind Pressure, p
p=qGCp-qiGCpi
Note: Different values of Cp and GCpi shall be combined to obtain various
results and come up with the most critical wind pressure.

A Windward Surface:

qz = q qh = qi

p1 p2
Data: Data:
q = 0.749 q = 0.749
qi = 0.765 qi = 0.765
G = 0.85 G = 0.85
cp = -1.3 cp = -0.18
Gcpi = 0.18 Gcpi = 0.18
p1 = -0.965 p2 = -0.252

p3 p4
Data: Data:
q = 0.749 q = 0.749
qi = 0.765 qi = 0.765
G = 0.85 G = 0.85
cp = -1.3 cp = -0.18
Gcpi = -0.18 Gcpi = -0.18

p3 = -0.690 p4 = 0.023

Most Critical Wind Pressure for Windward Surface, pw:

pW = -0.965 kPa

qh = q = qi

p1 p2
Data: Data:
q = 0.765 q = 0.765
qi = 0.765 qi = 0.765
G = 0.85 G = 0.85
cp = -0.7 cp = -0.7
Gcpi = 0.18 Gcpi = -0.18
p1 = -0.593 p2 = -0.317

Most Critical Wind Pressure for Leeward Surface, pL:

pL = -0.593 kPa

Therefore, use the following wind pressures to solve for the

wind loads:

Wind Pressure for Windward Surface = -0.965 kpa

Wind Pressure for Leeward Surface = -0.593 kpa

Note: Plus and minus signs signify pressures acting towards

and away from the surfaces, respectively.

Wind Load, W

W=p x Sp

At windward surface,

W = -0.965 X 1
W = -0.965 kN/m

At leeward surface,

W = -0.593 X 1
W = -0.593 kN/m
 Height Of The Building (m) Basic Wind Speed (kph) Location Weight of Roof (kpa) Importance Factors

10 150 Cotabato City 1 1.15

Wind Directionally Factor Kd, (Building: Internal Pressure Coefficient Gcpi External Pressure Coefficient Cp
MWFRS )
At windward surface
0.85 0.18 -0.18

Designation: C4 X 4.5
Nominal Weight Wn = 6.697 kg/m
-0.89806 Area A = 890.321 mm²
-0.18 Depth d = 101.6 mm
Web Thickness tw = 3.175 mm
Flange Width bf = 40.132 mm
Flange Thickness t = 7.519 mm
rts = 13.31 mm
-0.6 Distance Between Flange ho = 93.98 mm

Axis X-X:
Moment of Inertia Ix = 1519244.703 mm⁴
Elastic Section Modulus Sx = 29988.327 mm³
Radius of Gyration rx = 41.402 mm
Plastic Section Modulus Zx = 34740.576 mm³

Axis Y-Y:
Moment of Inertia Iy = 120290.882 mm⁴
Elastic Section Modulus Sy = 4342.572 mm³
Radius of Gyration ry = 11.608 mm
Plastic Section Modulus Zy = 5260.248 mm³

Torsional Properties:
Torsional Constant J = 13402.652 mm⁴
Cw = 233894739.8 mm⁶

Grade of Steel ---> A36

Minimum Yield Strength Fy = 248 Mpa
Minimum Tensile Strengt Fu = 400 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity E = 200000 MPa

DETERMINATION OF DEAD LOAD, D

Dead loads to be carried by the purlins:

1.) Weight of Roof Covering, Wr
2.) Self-weight of Purlins, Wp
3.) Weight of Insulation
Therefore,
D = Wr+Wp+Wi
Weight of Roof Covering, Wr
Wr = Weight of Roof Covering x Sp
Wr = 0.1 kPa x 1.3 m
Wr = 0.125 kN/m
Weight of Purlins, Wp
Wp = Nominal Weight of Purlins x 9.81 N/kg
Wp = 6.697 kg/m x 0.00981 kN/kg
Wp = 0.066 kN/m
Weight of Insulation, Wi
Using Urethane Foam with Skin with
t= 10 mm
W= 0.0009 kPa/mm
Wi = Weight of Insulation x t x Sp

Wi = 0.0009 kPa/mm x 1.3 mm-m

Wi = 0.001125 kN/m

D= 0.192 kN/m

DETERMINATION OF ROOF LIVE LOAD, Lr

Minimum roof live load, Lr
Lr(minimum) = 1.0 kPa
Express Lr in kN/m:
Assume Lr = 1.2 kPa x 1.25 m

Lr = 1.5 kN/m
 Since the windward side is more critical for wind loading, the combination
of dead load, roof live load and windward wind load provides the governing
design condition for purlins.
Therefore,
Wind Load, W = -0.965 kN/m

DETERMINATION OF AVAILABLE NOMINAL FLEXURAL STRENGTHS,

Mnx and Mny

Sag Rods -------------- Midspan

For channels bent about their major axis, the nominal flexural
strength, Mnx, shall be the lower value obtained according to the
limit states of yielding (plastic moment) and lateral torsional buckling.

1.) Yielding (Plastic Moment)

Mnx1 = Mpx = FyZx
Mpx = 8.616 kN-m
Mnx1 = 8.616 kN-m
2.) Lateral Torsional Buckling
Solving for limiting lengths Lp and Lr:

Lp = 580.175 mm

Where:

c= 1.066
Lr= 3080.766 mm

Checking Lb against the limiting lengths Lp and Lr:

L = 1500 mm
Lp = 580.175 mm
Lr = 3080.766 mm
 The following conditions shall be considered in solving for Mnx:
1.) When Lb ≤ Lp, the limit state of lateral torsional buckling does not apply.
2.) When Lp < Lb ≤ Lr,

Cb = 1.450

3.) When Lb > Lr,

Where:

Cb = 1.450

Since Lb < Lp,

Mnx Shall be obtained by using Formula 506.2-2

Therefore,
Cb = 1.450
Mnx2 = 9.539 Kn-M

Mnx shall be the lower value obtained therefore,

Mnx = 8.616 kN-m

At Weak Axis (Y-Y')

For channels bent about their minor axis, the nominal flexural strength, Mny,
shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit states of yielding
(plastic moment) and flange local buckling.

1.) Yielding (Plastic Moment)

Mnx = Mpy = FyZy ≤ 1.6FySy

1.6FySy = 1.723 kN-m

Mpy = 1.305 kN-m
Since: Mpy < 1.6FySy
Mny = Mpy
 Mny = 1.305 kN-m

2.) Flange Local Buckling

Check if flange is compact:

bf/t = 5.337
= 10.791

Since bf/t is less than

Flange is compact.
 Importance Factors Exposure Category

1.15 B

al Pressure Coefficient Cp

At leeward surface

For compact flanges, the limit state of yielding shall apply.

Therefore,
Mny = 1.305 kN-m

DETERMINATION OF AVAILABLE FLEXURAL STRESSES, Fbx & Fby

𝛷𝑏𝑀�/
Fb = �

𝛷𝑏𝑀��/
At Strong Axi Fbx = ��

(0.90(𝑀��)
Fbx = )/��

Fbx = 258.570 Mpa

𝛷𝑏𝑀��/
At Weak Axis Fby = ��
(0.90(𝑀��)
Fby = )/��

Fby = 270.367 Mpa

DETERMINATION OF REQUIRED FLEXURAL STRENGTHS

Mnxreq and Mnyreq

At Strong Axis (X-X'):

The normal load shall be the most critical effect from the following load combinations:
1.2D + 1.6 Lr + 0.8W
1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5 Lr
The preceeding load combinations become:
1.2Dcosθ + 1.6Lrcosθ + 0.8W
 1.2Dcosθ + 1.6W + 0.5 Lrcosθ
Therefore:
Wx1 = 1.2Dcosθ + 1.6Lrcosθ + 0.8W
Wx2 = 1.2Dcosθ + 1.6W + 0.5 Lrcosθ

Wx1 = (1.2 x 0.000 cos θ) +

(1.6 x 0 cos θ) +
(0.8 x 0.000 )
Wx1 = 1.747 kN/m

Wx2 = (1.2 x 0.000 cos θ) +

(1.6 x 0.000 ) +
(0.5 x 0 cos θ)
Wx2 = -0.605 kN/m

The most critical load effect is that of Wx1, therefore:

Wx = 1.747 kN/m

At Weak Axis (Y-Y'):

The tangential load shall be obtained from the following load combination:
1.2D + 1.6 Lr
1.2D + 0.5Lr
The preceeding load combinations become:
1.2Dsinθ + 1.6Lrsinθ
1.2Dsinθ + 0.5Lrsinθ
Therefore:
Wy1 = 1.2Dsinθ + 1.6Lrsinθ
Wy1 = 1.2Dsinθ + 0.5Lrsinθ

Wy1 = (1.2 x 0.000 sin θ) +

(1.6 x 0 sin θ)
Wy1 = 0.756 kN/m

Wy2 = (1.2 x 0.000 sin θ) +

(0.5 x 0 sin θ)
Wy2 = 0.282

The most critical load effect is that of Wy1, therefore:

Wy = 0.756 kN/m
bination
governing
Solving for the Required Flexural Strength at Strong Axis, Mnx req

Load and Moment Diagram for Simply Supported Uniformly Loaded Purlins With/Without Sagrods(Strong Axis)

Mnx req = 〖���〗 ^2/8

Mnx req = 1.966 kN-m

Solving for the Required Flexural Strength at Weak Axis, Mny req:

Load and Moment Diagram for Simply Supported Uniformly Loaded Purlins with No Sagrods (Weak Axis)

Mny = 〖���〗 ^2/8

Load and Moment Diagram for Simply Supported Uniformly Loaded Purlins withSagrods at Midpoints(Weak Axis)
Mny = 〖���〗 ^2/3
2

Load and Moment Diagram for Simply Supported Uniformly Loaded Purlins withSagrods at Third Points(Weak Ax
Mny = 〖���〗 ^2/9
0
 〖���〗 ^2/9
0

Since sagrods are provided at third points,

Mny = 〖���〗 ^2/3

2
where:
L = unbraced length in m

Mny req = 0.053 kN-m

DETERMINATION OF REQUIRED FLEXURAL STRESSES, fbx & fby

fb = 𝑀/�

Solving for the required flexural stress at strong axis,

fbx = (𝑀��
𝑟𝑒𝑞)/��
fbx = 65.548 Mpa

Solving for the required flexural stress at weak axis,

fby = (𝑀��
𝑟𝑒𝑞)/��
fby = 12.2370 Mpa

CHECKING ADEQUACY OF TRIAL SECTION BY INTERACTION EQUATION

For channels subjected to biaxial bending, the following interaction equation shall be
used to check adequacy:
+
𝑓𝑏�/𝐹𝑏� 𝑓𝑏�/𝐹𝑏� ≤ 1.0

Substituting the values in the interaction equation,

65.548 + 12.2370 ≤ 1.0
258.570 270.367

Since,
0.299 ≤ 1.0

The trial section is adequate!

CHECKING SERVICEABILITY OF TRIAL SECTION AGAINST DEFLECTION

To be safe against deflectδx = 6.065

 For roof
members
δmax.actual not < δallowable mm
supporting
plaster ceiling, Solving for max. actual deflection at weak axis,
the most
critical
δy = 〖 5��
deflection
limit is L/240.
Therefore, � 〗 ^4/
384𝐸𝐼�
δallowable = L/240 δy = 2.071
δallowable = 12.500 mm
Solving for mm Solving for max. actual deflection,
maximum
actual δmax.actual 6.409
deflection,
δmax.actual, mm
Since δmax.actual < δallowable,

Solving for maximum actual deflection, The actual deflection is

δmax.actual, within the

δmax.actual = ( (δx² + δy²)^0.5)

The trial section is safe to be
For uniformly loaded simply-supported purlins, used.
δ= 〖 5��
Use Steel purlins spaced m on
〗 ^4/3
84𝐸𝐼 centers
where:
L = unbraced length
Solving for max. actual deflection at strong axis,
δx = 〖 5��
� 〗 ^4/
384𝐸𝐼�
 DESIGN OF SAG RODS AND TIE RODS
Principles:
1.) Sag rods are tension members used to provide lateral support for the purlins.

2.) Sag rods can be located at the midpoint, the third points, or at more
frequent intervals along the purlins, depending on the amount of support
needed. The interval is a function of the truss spacing, the slope of the top
chord, the resistance of the purlin to bending (most shapes used for purlins are
very weak in this respect), and the amount of support furnished by the roofing.

3.) If sag rods are used, they are designed to support the component of roof
loads parallel to the roof.

Required Design Data:

Truss Parameters
Spacing Between Trusse Lb = 3 m
Span of Truss Lt = 10 m
Length of Top Chord, Ltc = 10.440 m
No. of Purlins n = 12

Material Weights:
Weight of Roof Cover, Wrc = 0.066 kPa
Nominal Weight of Purl Wn = 6.697 kg/m
Weight of Insulation, W Wi = 0.0009 kPa/mm
Thickness of Insulation t = 10 mm
Assumed Roof Live Loa Lra = 1.2 kPa
Critical Wind Pressure p = -0.965 kPa

Solving for tributary width and areas,

1.) Tributary Width for each Sag Rod

Since sag rods are to be placed at midspans,
 Lsr = 3 /2
Lsr = 1.5 m
2.) Tributary Area (Roof Surface), T
TArs = Ltc x Lsr
TArs = 18.000 m²

3.) Tributary Area (Hori

TAhs = Lt x Lsr
TAhs = 15 m²

Calculating loads,

1.) Dead Load Therefore,

-Roof Cover Weight = Wrc x Tars Combination 4 controls.
-Roof Cover Weight = 1.183 kN Wu = 17.932
Wuy = Wu sinθ
-Purlin Weight = n x Lsr x Wn x 9.81 Wuy = 5.153
-Purlin Weight = 1.183 kN Solving for the required area of sag rods,

-Insulation Weight = Wi x t x TArs At = �𝑢�/

-Insulation Weight = kN (𝛷𝑡(0.75𝐹𝑢
0.162
))
At = 3664.018
-Dead Load, D = 2.527 kN
Therefore,
2.) Roof Live Load Use 10-mmφ A36 threaded
Roof Live Load, Lr = Lra x TAhs rods (Tensile Area=50.322 mm²).
Solving for the required area of tie Rods,
Roof Live Load, Lr = 18 kN
p= �𝑢�/cos𝜃
3.) Wind Load
Wind Load, W = p x Tars p= 5.379

Wind Load, W = -17.376 kN

Required Ab = �/
Check load combinations: (𝛷𝑡(0.75𝐹𝑢
))
Combination 3: 1.2D + 1.6 Lr + 0.8W
17.932 kN Required Ab =
Combination 4: 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5Lr

-15.769 kN

Use 10-mmφ A36 threaded

rods (Tensile Area=50.322 mm²).
Without Sagrods(Strong Axis)

o Sagrods (Weak Axis)

idpoints(Weak Axis)

grods at Third Points(Weak Axis)

 kN

kN
he required area of sag rods,

�𝑢�/
(𝛷𝑡(0.75𝐹𝑢
))
mm²

mφ A36 threaded
sile Area=50.322 mm²).
he required area of tie Rods,

�𝑢�/cos𝜃

kN

�/
(𝛷𝑡(0.75𝐹𝑢
))

23.908
mm²

mmφ A36 threaded

sile Area=50.322 mm²).
Span of Truss
Rise of Truss
Spacing Between Trusses
Total Length of Top Chord
Spacing of Purlins
Roof Slope

Total No. of Purlins

No. of Sag Rods

Material Prop

1.) Roof Covering

Designation
Weight,W

2.) Purlins and Insulation

*Purlins
Designation
Weight,W

*Insulation
Designation

Weight,W
t
3.) Sag Rods and Tie Rods
Designation
Weight, W

4.) Ceiling
Designation

Weight, W

5.) Gutter
Designation

Weight, W
 Lt = 10
DESIGN CALCULATION
Ht = 1.5
Lb = 3 DETERMINATION OF DEAD LOAD EFFECTS ON TRUSS
Ltc = 10.440
Sp = 1.25 The following gravity loads constitute the dead load to be carried b
θ = 16.699
1.) Weight of Roof Covering, Wrc
n = 12 2.) Weight of Purlins, Wp
nsr = 1 3.) Weight of Insulation, Wi
4.) Weight of Sag Rods and Tie Rods, Wsr
5.) Self-Weight of Truss, Wt
Material Properties
6.) Weight of Gutter, Wg
7.) Weight of Ceiling, Wc

Designation --> Asphalt Shingles Solving for the loads to be carried by the tru
= 0.1 kPa
1.) Weight of Roof Covering, Wrc
and Insulation Wrc = W x Ltc x Lb
Wrc = 3.132 kN
Designation --> mm A36 Steel 2.) Weight of Purlins, Wp
= 6.697 kg/m Wp = n x W x Lb x 9.81N/kg x (1kN/1000N)
Wp = 2.365 kN
3.) Weight of Insulation, Wi
Designation --> 10-mm Thick Urethane Wi = W x t x Lb x Ltc
Foam With Skin Wi = kN
0.282
= 0.0009 kPa/mm 4.) Weight of Sag Rods and Tie Rods, Wsr
= 10 mm Wsr = nsr x W x Ltc x 9.81N/kg
ds and Tie Rods Wsr = 0.057 kN
Designation --> 10-mmφ A36 Steel Rods 5.) Self-Weight of Truss, Wt
= 0.56 kg/m Using Fuller's Formula:
((15�𝑏+550)𝑘𝑁/𝑚
W = (�𝑡))/100

Designation --> Wood Furring W= 59.5 kN

Suspension System
= 0.12 kPa LET Wt = 2w = 119 kN
6.) Weight of Gutter, Wg
Wg = W x Lb x Pg x 9.81N/kg x (1
Designation --> Prefabricated Gage 20 K- Wg = 0.032 kN
Style Aluminum Gutter 7.) Weight of Ceiling, Wc
Wc = W x Lb x Lt
= 2.207 kg/m² Wc = 3.6 kN
eter of Cross-Section, Pg = 0.5 m
DESIGN CALCULATION Solving for point load at top chord joints,

DEAD LOAD EFFECTS ON TRUSS MEMBERS Wpanel = (Wrc + Wp + Wi + Wt +Wsr) x (Tw/Lt)

where:
titute the dead load to be carried by the trusses: Tw = tributary length
W = 65.336

1.) Panel Load at Joint A

ds, Wsr Wpanel = 4.084 kN
2.) Panel Load at Joint P
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
3.) Panel Load at Joint O
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
he loads to be carried by the truss: 4.) Panel Load at Joint N
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
5.) Panel Load at Joint M
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
6.) Panel Load at Joint L
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
Lb x 9.81N/kg x (1kN/1000N) 7.) Panel Load at Joint K
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
8.) Panel Load at Joint J
Wpanel = 8.167 kN
9.) Panel Load at Joint I
Wpanel = 4.084 kN
x Ltc x 9.81N/kg

Solving for panel loads at bottom chord joints,

+550)𝑘𝑁/𝑚
00 Wpanel = Wc x (Tw/Lt)
where:
Tw = tributary length
1.) Panel Load at Joint A
Wpanel = 0.225
Pg x 9.81N/kg x (1 2.) Panel Load at Joint B
Wpanel = 0.450
3.) Panel Load at Joint C
Wpanel = 0.450
4.) Panel Load at Joint D
 Wpanel = 0.450
5.) Panel Load at Joint E
Wpanel = 0.450
6.) Panel Load at Joint F
Wpanel = 0.450
7.) Panel Load at Joint G
Wpanel = 0.450
8.) Panel Load at Joint H
Wpanel = 0.450
9.) Panel Load at Joint I
Wpanel = 0.225
ord joints, Tributary Width for each Joint

Wsr) x (Tw/Lt) A 0.625 m

B 1.25 m
C 1.25 m
D 1.25 m
E 1.25 m
F 1.25 m
G 1.25 m
H 1.25 m
I 0.625 m
J 1.25 m
K 1.25 m
L 1.25 m
M 1.25 m
N 1.25 m
O 1.25 m
p 1.25 m

Solving for the reactions at supports,

Converting the concentrated loads to uniform load,

W = Total Load/Lt
W= 69.001 / Lt
W= 6.900 kN/m
chord joints,

W=6.90 kN/m
A E
B C D
Rb Rc Rd
1.25 𝑚 3.75 𝑚 3.75 𝑚 1.25 𝑚

Note: The reaction at supports are obtained through Moment Distribution Method Table
which is shown at the table on the proceeding pages.
Note: The reaction at supports are obtained through Moment Distribution Method Table
which is shown at the table on the proceeding pages.

From the Moment Distribution Table, the following moments are obtained:

MBA = 8.95 kN-m

MBC = -8.95 kN-m
MCB = 12.99 kN-m
MCD = -12.99 kN-m
MDC = 8.95 kN-m
MDE = -8.95 kN-m
 Solving for the reactions at supports

Considering member AB,

W=6.90 kN/m
8.949 kN/m
A B
1.25 m

RB1
+∑Fv = 0
RB1 = 8.63 kN
Load diagram to

From the Maxwell Diagram, the followin

TOPCHORD
0.000 kN/m 12.992 kN/m FAB =
W=6.90 kN/m
B C FBC =
3.75
FCD =
RB2 m RC1 FDE =
+∑Moment @ C=0 FEF =
RB2 = 14.02 kN FFG =
+∑Fv =0 FGH =
RC1 = 11.86 kN FHI =

Considering member CD, VERTICAL

W=6.90 D FB2 =
0.000 kN/m C kN/m 8.949 kN/m FC4 =
FD6 =
3.75 m
FE8 =
RC2 RD1 FF10 =
+∑Moment @ D=0 FG12 =
RC2 = 11.86 kN FH14 =
+∑Fv =0
RD1 = 14.02 kN

Considering member DE,

W=6.90 kN/m
8.949 kN/m D E

1.25 m

RD2
+∑Fv =0
 RD2 = 8.63 kN

RB= RB1+RB2 = 22.64

RC= RC1+RC2 = 23.72
RD= RD1+RD2 = 22.64
69.00
 Load diagram to be used for Maxwell Diagram

the Maxwell Diagram, the following dead load effects on truss members were obtained:

BOTTOM
14.9951 kN FAL = 14.3633 kN
9.2954 kN FL2 = 14.3633 kN
7.3964 kN FL4 = 8.9033 kN
1.0509 kN FL6 = 7.0835 kN
1.0509 kN FK9 = 7.0835 kN
7.3964 kN FK11 = 8.9033 kN
9.2954 kN FK13 = 14.3633 kN
14.9951 kN FJK = 14.3633 kN

DIAGONAL
22.577 kN FC2 = 24.2911 kN
6.98 kN FD4 = 2.1212 kN
1.0913 kN FE6 = 10.884 kN
9.2209 kN FF9 = 10.884 kN
1.0913 kN FG11 = 2.1212 kN
6.98 kN FH13 = 24.2911 kN
22.577 kN
Moment Distribution Method Table of Values for Obtaining Moments at Supports (Dead Load
Effects)
Joint B C D
Member BA BC CB CD DC
Stiffness (K) 0.800 0.267 0.267 0.267 0.267
Cycle DF 0.750 0.250 0.500 1.000 0.250
FEM 0.863 -11.644 11.644 -11.644 11.644
1
Bal 8.086 2.695 0.000 0.000 -2.695
COM 0.000 0.000 1.348 -1.348 0.000
2
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
9
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
COM 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11
Bal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

8.949 -8.949 12.992 -12.992 8.949

ΣM
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Member BA BC CB CD DC

Moment Distribution Method Table of Values for Obtaining Moments at Supports (Live Load
Effects)
Joint B C D
Member BA BC CB CD DC
Stiffness (K) 0.8000 0.2670 0.2670 0.2670 0.2670
Cycle DF 0.7498 0.2502 0.5000 0.5000 0.2502
FEM 4.8750 -7.3125 7.3125 -7.3125 7.3125
1
1
Bal 1.8276 0.6099 0.0000 0.0000 -0.6099
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.3050 -0.3050 0.0000
2
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
6
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
8
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
9
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
10
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
COM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
11
Bal 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

ΣM 6.7026 -6.7026 7.6175 -7.6175 6.7026

Member BA BC CB CD DC
 ents at Supports (Dead Load
W=6.90 kN/m
D A E
B C D
DE
Rb Rc Rd
0.800
0.750 1.25 𝑚 3.75 𝑚 3.75 𝑚 1.25 𝑚
-0.863
-8.086
0.000
0.000 MBA = 8.949
kN-m
0.000 MBC = -8.949 kN-m
0.000 MCB = 12.992 kN-m
0.000 MCD = -12.992 kN-m
0.000 MDC = 8.949 kN-m
0.000 MDE = -8.949 kN-m
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

-8.949

kN-m
DE

ments at Supports (Live Load

D
DE
0.8000
0.7498 W=6.240 kN/m
-4.8750 A E
B C D
 B C D
-1.8276
Rb Rc Rd
0.0000
0.0000 1.25 𝑚 3.75𝑚 3.75 𝑚 1.25 𝑚
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 MBA = 6.7026 kN-m
0.0000 MBC = -6.7026 kN-m
0.0000 MCB = 7.6175 kN-m
0.0000 MCD = -7.6175 kN-m
0.0000 MDC = 6.7026 kN-m
0.0000 MDE = -6.7026 kN-m
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

-6.7026

DE
 Tributary Width for each
Joint
A 0.625 m
B 1.25 m
C 1.25 m
D 1.25 m
E 1.25 m
F 1.25 m
G 1.25 m
H 1.25 m
I 0.625 m
J 1.25 m
K 1.25 m Span of Truss Lt = 10
L 1.25 m Rise of Truss Ht = 1.5
M 1.25 m Spacing Between Trusses Lb = 3
N 1.25 m Total Length of Top Chord Ltc = 10.440
O 1.25 m Spacing of Purlins Sp = 1.25
p 1.25 m Roof Slope θ = 16.699

Total No. of Purlins n = 12

No. of Sag Rods nsr = 1

DETERMINATION OF ROOF LIVE LOAD EFFECTS ON TRUSS MEMBERS

Assumed Roof Live Load= 1.3 kPa *Solving for the reactio

*Solving for roof live load considering tributary area of truss,

WLr = Lr (Lb)(Lt)
WLr = 62.4 kN

*Solving for panel load at top chord joints,

Tw W=6.240 kN/m
Wpanel= WLr
Lt A
B
where:
Rb
Tw = tributary length
 1.25 𝑚 3.75𝑚
1.) Panel Load at Joint I
Wpanel= 3.9 kN

2.) Panel Load at Joint J

Wpanel= 7.8 kN Note: The reaction at supports are obtained
through Moment Distribution Method Table
which is shown at the table on the proceeding
3.) Panel Load at Joint K pages.
Wpanel= 7.8 kN

4.) Panel Load at Joint L

Wpanel= 7.8 kN
From the Moment Distribution Table, the following
moments are obtained:
5.) Panel Load at Joint M
Wpanel= 7.8 kN From the Moment Distribution Table, the followin

6.) Panel Load at Joint N MEMBER

Wpanel= 7.8 kN BA
BC
7.) Panel Load at Joint O CB
Wpanel= 7.8 kN CD
DC
8.) Panel Load at Joint P DE
Wpanel= 7.8 kN

9.) Panel Load at Joint A

Wpanel= 3.9 kN
 Span

AB = 1.25
BC = 1.25
CD = 1.25
DE = 1.25
EF = 1.25
FG = 1.25
GH = 1.25
HI = 1.25
IJ = 1.25

TS ON TRUSS MEMBERS

*Solving for the reactions at supports, *Solving for the reactions at supports
*Considering segment AB,
Converting the concentrated loads to
uniform load,
W= Total Load/Lt
W=6.240 kN/m
A B
W= 6.240 kN/m
1.25 m

RB1
W=6.240 kN/m +∑Fv = 0
E RB1 = 7.800 kN
C D
Rc Rd
 3.75𝑚 3.75 𝑚 1.25 𝑚 *Considering segment BC,

0.000 kN/m
W=6.240 kN/m
B

3.75 m
eaction at supports are obtained RB2
oment Distribution Method Table
own at the table on the proceeding
+∑Moment @ C=0
RB2 = 11.456
+∑Fv =0
RC1 = 11.944

oment Distribution Table, the following

re obtained: *Considering member CD,

Moment Distribution Table, the following moments are obtained: W=6.240

6.7026 kN/m C kN/m

3.75 m
6.7026 kN-m
-6.7026 kN-m
7.6175 kN-m RC2
-7.6175 kN-m +∑Moment @ D=0
6.7026 kN-m RC2 = 11.944

-6.7026 kN-m +∑Fv =0

RD1 = 11.456
actions at supports *Considering segment DE,

W=6.240 kN/m
6.703 kN/m D
6.703 kN/m
1.25 m

RD2
+∑Fv =0
RD2 = 7.800 kN
 Therefore, the reactions are as follows:
RB= RB1 + RB2 = 19.256
7.617 kN/m RC= RC1 + RC2 = 23.888
6.240 kN/m
C RD= RD1 + RD2 = 19.256
3.75 m
RC1

kN

kN

W=6.240
kN/m 7.6175 kN/m
D

3.75 m

Load diagram to be used for Maxwell Diagram

RD1
From the Maxwell Diagram, the following dead load effects on truss members were obtained:

kN TOPCHORD BOTTOM
FAB = 13.5724 kN FAL
kN FBC = 5.2202 kN FL2
FCD = 3.1971 kN FL4
FDE = 4.6007 kN FL6
FEF = 4.6007 kN FK9
FFG = 3.1971 kN FK11
FGH = 5.2202 kN FK13
FHI = 13.5724 kN FJK

VERTICAL DIAGONAL
FB2 = 19.256 kN FC2
FC4 = 6.056 kN FD4
FD6 = 1.1627 kN FE6
FE8 = 10.444 kN FF9
FF10 = 1.1627 kN FG11
FG12 = 6.056 kN FH13
FH14 = 19.256 kN
40 kN/m
E
r Maxwell Diagram
effects on truss members were obtained:

BOTTOM
= 13 kN
= 13 kN
= 5 kN
= 3.0622 kN
= 3.0622 kN
= 5 kN
= 13 kN
= 13 kN

DIAGONAL
= 18.9914 kN
= 2.2598 kN
= 10.0484 kN
= 10.0484 kN
= 2.2598 kN
= 18.9914 kN
 C. DETERMINATION OF WIND LOAD EFFECTS ON TRUSS MEMBERS

»Required Design Data

Wind Load at Windward Surface, WW = -0.965
Wind Load at Leeward Surface, WL = -0.593
Length of Short Top Chord, Ltc1 = 5.220
Length of Long Top Chord, Ltc2 = 5.220
Horizontal Projection of Shorter Top Chord, Ltc1x = 5.000
Horizontal Projection of Long Top Chord, Ltc2x = 5.000
Note: Roof overhangs shall
Spacing between Trusses, Lb = 3.000 on the bottom surface of w
Length of Overhang, Lo = 1.250 corresponding to Cp = 0.8.

*For overhangs,
Note: The following data (except for Cp) are obtained *Considering wind at positi
from the determination of wind load in the design
calculation of purlins.
Basic Wind Speed, V
V = 150
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd
Kd = 0.85
Importance Factor, Iw
Iw = 1.15 *Solving for total wind load

Exposure Category 1.) At Windward Surface

---> B
Velocity Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz
Kh = 0.735
Kz = 0.720
Topographic Factor, Kzt 2.) At Leeward Surface
Kzt = 1.000
Gust Effect Factor, G
G = 0.850
Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi
Gcpi = 0.180 3.) For Overhang on Windw
-0.180 Wind Pressure, p
Velocity Pressures, qz and qh
qz = 0.749 At windward surface,
qh = 0.765
External Pressure Coefficient, Cp
At windward = -0.89806 Solving for p1 (using positiv
 -0.18
At leeward = -0.6 Solving for p2 (using negati

Note: The highest value of w

considered for design, there
Note: Roof overhangs shall be designed for a positive pressure
on the bottom surface of windward roof overhangs
corresponding to Cp = 0.8.
Therefore,
Cp = 0.8
Solving for total wind load at overhangs,
*Considering wind at positive direction, Wuo = p (Lo) (Lb)
Wuo = 2.426

*Solving for panel loads at windward surface,

Wpanel= Wuw Tw
Lt1
where:
Tw = tributary length
*Solving for total wind loads,

1.) At Windward Surface 1.) Panel Load at Joint A

Wuw = WW (Ltc1) Wpanel= -5.037 ( 0.625 )/( 5 )
Wuw = -0.965 5 Wpanel= -0.630 kN
Wuw = -5.037 2.) Panel Load at Joint P
Wpanel= -5.037 ( 1.25 )/( 5 )
2.) At Leeward Surface Wpanel= -1.259 kN
Wul = WL (Ltc2) 3.) Panel Load at Joint O
Wul = -0.593 5.220 Wpanel= -5.037 ( 1.25 )/( 5 )
Wul = -3.096 Wpanel= -1.259 kN
4.) Panel Load at Joint N
3.) For Overhang on Windward Surface, Wpanel= -5.037 ( 1.25 )/( 5 )
Wind Pressure, p = qGCp-qiGCpi Wpanel= -1.259 kN
Sec. 207.5.12.2.1 5.) Panel Load at Joint M
At windward surface, Wpanel= -5.037 ( 0.625 )/( 5 )
q = qz = 0.749 kPa Wpanel= -0.630 kN
qi = qh = 0.765 kPa
Solving for p1 (using positive value of GCpi),
 p1 = 0.372 kPa *Solving for panel loads at leeward surface,
Solving for p2 (using negative value of GCpi), Wpanel=
Wul
p2 = 0.647 kPa
where:
Note: The highest value of wind pressure shall be Tw = tributary length
considered for design, therefore p2 governs.
p = 0.647 kPa
 1.) Panel Load at Joint A
Wpanel= 2.426 ( 0.625 )/( 1.25 )
kN Wpanel= 1.2131 kN
2.) Panel Load at Joint B
dward surface, Wpanel= 2.426 ( 0.625 )/( 1.25 )
Wpanel= 1.2131 kN

*Solving for the reactions at supports,

tributary length
( 0.625 )/( 5 )
Converting the concentrated loads to
uniformly distributed load,
*At Windward Surface,
W= Total Load/Ltc1
W= -5.037 /(5.22015325445528)
W= -0.965 kN/m

( 1.25 )/( 5 ) *At leeward Surface,

W= Total Load/Ltc2
W= -3.096 /(5.22015325445528)
( 1.25 )/( 5 ) W= -0.593 kN/m

*At leeward Overhang,

( 1.25 )/( 5 ) W= Total Load/Lo
W= 2.426 /(1.25)
W= 1.940896 kN/m
( 0.625 )/( 5 )

Note: Positive and negative signs indicate pressures

acting toward and away from the roof surface,
respectively.
ward surface,
Tw
Note: Roof overhangs shall be designed for a
Lt2 positive pressure on the bottom surface of
windward roof overhang only.
tributary length
Uniformly Distributed Load(Windward Surface) w/ Segment Spans

Uniformly Distributed Load(Leeward Surface) w/ Segment

Spans
Uniformly Distributed Load(Windward Overhang) w/ Segment
Spans