EEE443 Digital Signal Processing

– Assignments for Chapter 2 –

Dr. Shahrel A. Suandi
August 2007

1. A discrete-time signal x[n] is defined as


 1 + n3 , −3 ≤ n ≤ −1
x[n] = 1, 0≤n≤3
0, elsewhere


(a) Determine its values and sketch the signal x[n].

(b) Sketch the signals that result if we:
i. First fold x[n] and then delay the resulting signal by three samples.
ii. First delay x[n] by four samples and then fold the resulting signal.
iii. Write final result for both questions above in sequence representation form.
(c) Sketch the signal x[−n + 4]. Explain what are the signal manipulations involved if the
input is given as x[n].
(d) Compare the results in parts 1(b)ii and 1(b)iii and derive a rule for obtaining the signal
x[−n + k] from x[n].
(e) Can you express the signal x[n] in terms of signals δ[n] and u[n]?

2. Show that
(a) δ[n] = u[n] − u[n − 1]
Xn X∞
(b) u[n] = δ[k] = δ[n − k]
k=−∞ k=0

3. The following input-output pairs have been observed during the operation of a time-invariant
system:
T
x1 [n] = {1, 0, 2} ←→ y1 [n] = {0, 1, 2}
↑ ↑
T
x2 [n] = {0, 0, 3} ←→ y2 [n] = {0, 1, 0, 2}
↑ ↑
T
x3 [n] = {0, 0, 0, 1} ←→ y3 [n] = {1, 2, 1}
↑ ↑
Can you draw any conclusions regarding the linearity of the system. What is the impulse
response of the system?
4. Show that the energy (power) of a real-valued energy (power) signal is equal to the sum of the
energies (powers) of its even and odd components. (You may refer to the lecture notes to answer
this question.)
5. Consider the system
y[n] = T {x[n]} = x[n2 ]

(a) Determine if the system is time invariant.

1
 (b) To clarify the result in part 5a, assume that the signal

1, 0 ≤ n ≤ 3
x[n] =
0, elsewhere

is applied into the system.

i. Sketch the signal x[n].
ii. Determine and sketch the signal y[n] = T {x[n]}.
iii. Sketch the signal y2′ [n] = y[n − 2].
iv. Determine and sketch the signal x2 [n] = x[n − 2].
v. Determine and sketch the signal y2 [n] = T {x2 [n]}.
vi. Compare the signals y2 [n] and y[n − 2]. What is your conclusion?
(c) Repeat part 5b for the system

y[n] = x[n] − x[n − 1]

Can you use this result to make any statement about the time invariance of this system?
Why? Explain.

6. A discrete-time system can be memoryless (not memoryless), linear (or nonlinear), time invariant
(or variant), causal (or noncausal) and stable (or unstable). Given that y[n] = x[−n + 2] is a
not memoryless (or we can say it is dynamic), linear, time invariant, noncausal and stable, show
that y[n] complies with these characteristics.

7. Compute the convolution y[n] = x[n] ∗ h[n]

P of the
P following
P signals
P and P∞check the correctness of
the results by using the test as follows, y = x h , where x = n=−∞ x[n].

(a) x[n] = {1, 2, −1}, h[n] = x[n]

(b) x[n] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, h[n] = {1}
(c) x[n] = {1, −2, 3}, h[n] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}
↑ ↑
(d) x[n] = {1, 1, 2}, h[n] = u[n]
↑
8. Consider the interconnection of LTI systems as shown in the figure below.

(a) Express the overall impulse response in terms of h1 [n], h2 [n], h3 [n] and h4 [n].
(b) Determine h[n] when
h1 [n] = { 12 , 41 , 21 }
h2 [n] = h3 [n] = [n + 1]u[n]
h4 [n] = δ[n − 2]

(c) Determine the response of the system in 8b if

x[n] = δ[n + 2] + 3δ[n − 1] − 4δ[n − 3]

h2[n]
x[n] y[n]
h1[n]

h3[n] h4[n]

Figure 1: Figure to answer Question 8.