JEST 2018 Solution

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

JEST 2018 (Booklet Code: B)
PART A: ONE MARK QUESTIONS
Q1. When a collection of two-level systems is in equilibrium at temperature T0 , the ratio of the
population in the lower and upper levels is 2 :1 . When the temperature is changed to T , the ratio
is 8 :1 . Then
(a) T  2T0 (b) T0  2T (c) T0  3T (d) T0  4T
Ans. : (c)
 E  N1  E  E1   E2  E1 
Solution: N  N 0 exp     exp  2   2  exp   , and
 k BT  N2  k BT0   kT0 
 E  E1  ln 2 T
8  exp  2    T0  3T
 kT  ln 8 T0
Q2. A ball of mass m starting front rest, fails a vertical distance h before striking a vertical spring,
which it compresses by a length  . What is the spring constant of the spring? (Hint: Measure all
the vertical distances from the point where the ball first touches the uncompressed spring, i.e., set
this point as the origin of the vertical axis.)
2mg 2mg 2mg 2mg
(a) h    (b) h    (c) h    (d) h
 2
 3
 2
2
Ans. : (a)
1 2mg  h   
Solution: mg  h     k 2  k 
2 2
Q3. A collection of N interacting magnetic moments, each of magnitude  , is subjected to a
magnetic field H along the z direction. Each magnetic moment has a doubly degenerate level of
energy zero and two non-degenerate levels of energies   H and  H respectively. The collection
is in thermal equilibrium at temperature T . The total energy E T , H  of the collection is
 H 
 HN sinh  
 k BT   HN
(a)  (b) 
 H    H 
1  cosh   2  1  cosh  
 k bT    kbT  
 H   H 
 HN cosh   sinh  
(c)   k BT  (d)   HN  k BT 
 H   H 
1  cosh   cosh  
 kbT   kbT 
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Ans. : (a)
  0    H   H   H 
Solution: Z1   2  exp     exp     exp      Z1   2  2 cosh 
  k BT   k BT   k BT   k BT 
 H 
N N  H sinh  
 H  2   ln Z N   k BT 
Z N   2  2 cosh  U  k BT   
H
 k BT   T  N ,V 1  cos
k BT
1
Q4. For which of the following conditions does the integral  P  x  P  x  dx
0
m n vanish for m  n ,
where Pm  x  and Pn  x  are the Legendre polynomials of order m and n respectively?
(a) all m, m  n (b) m  n is an odd integer

(c) m  n is a nonzero even integer (d) n  m  1
Ans. : (c)
1
2
Solution:  P  x  P  x  dx  2 x  1 
1
m n nm
1
2
2 Pm  x  Pn  x  dx   nm
0
2x  1
Only Pm  x  Pn  x   even
m
0 even
1 odd
2 even
3 odd
4 even
m  n  non zero even integer then only
Pm  x  Pn  x   even
m  n   nm  0
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Q5. If  q, p  is a canonically conjugate pair, which of the following is not a canonically conjugate
pair?
 2 pq 1   2 qp 1 
(a)  q ,  (b)  p ,  
 2   2 

(c) pq 1 ,  q 2 
 q 
(d)  f  p    where f   p  is the derivative of f  p  with respect to p .
 f   p 
 
Ans. : (c)
  
  pq 1   q 2  
 pq 1   q 2      2  1 so
Solution: 
 q
.
p

p
.
q 
 pq 1

, q 2 is not canonical .
 
So option (c) is correct
Q6. A Germanium diode is operated at a temperature of 27 degree C . The diode terminal voltage is
0.3 V when the forward current is 10 mA . What is the forward current (in mA) if the terminal
voltage is 0.4 V ?
(a) 477.3 (b) 577.3 (c) 47.73 (d) 57.73
Ans. : (a)
 
Solution: I  I 0 eV / VT  1  I 0 eV / VT where VT 
kT
e
 0.026V
10
 10 mA  I 0 e0.3/ 0.026  I 0 e11.54  I 0  mA
102744
10
Thus, I  I 0 e0.4 / 0.026   4876800 mA  474.6 mA
102744
Q7. If   x  is an infinitely differentiable function, then D̂  x  , where the operator
 d 
Dˆ  exp  ax  , is
 dx 
(a)   x  a  
(b)  ae a  x   
(c)  e a x (d) e a  x 
Ans. : (c)
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Q8. Consider a particle of mass m moving under the effect of an attractive central potential given as
V  kr 3 where k  0 . For a given angular momentum L, r0  3km / L2 corresponds to the radius
L2
of the possible circular orbit and the corresponding energy is E0  . The particle is
 6mr02
released from r  r0 with an inward velocity, energy E  E0 and angular momentum L . How
long will be particle take to reach r0
(a) zero (b) 2mr02 L1 (c) 2 mr02 L1 (d) Infinite
Ans. : (d)
L2 k
Solution: Veffective  2
 3
2mr r
Veffective L2 3k L2
 0   3  4  0  r0 
r mr r 3mk
 2Veffective 3L2 12k

   0 at r  r0
r 2 mr 4 r 5
For the given value of energy the particle will reach at unstable equilibrium point which is not
possible. So time is infinity.
Q9. What is the difference between the maximum and the minimum eigenvalues of a system of two
   
electrons whose Hamiltonian is H  JS1.S 2 , where S1 and S 2 are the corresponding spin angular
momentum operators of the two electrons?
J J 3J
(a) (b) (c) (d) J
4 2 4
Ans. : (d)
   s 2  s12  s22   s  s  1  s1  s1  1  s2  s2  1 
Solution: H  JS1.S 2  J   J 
 2   2 
1 1
s1  , s2  s  1, 0
2 2
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 2 3 2 3 2
 2  4   4   J  2
For s  1 E f  J .  
 2  4
 
 2 3 2 3 2
 0  4   4   3 2
For s  0 Eg  J .    J
 2  4
 
J 2  3J 2  4 2
E f  Eg     J  J
2
4  4  4
Q10. Two dielectric spheres of radius R are separated by a distance a such that a  R . One of the
spheres (sphere1) has a charge q and the other is neutral. If the linear dimensions of the systems
are scaled up by a factor two, by what factor should be charge on the sphere 1 be changed so that
the force between the two spheres remain unchanged?
(a) 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 2
Ans. : (c)
kq  q1 q  q1
Solution: F  k  q  4q
 2a 
2 2
a
Q11. An electric charge distribution produces an electric field

 

E  1 e  r r
r3

where  and  are constants. The net charge within a sphere of radius  1 centered at the
origin is

(a) 4 0 1  e 1  
(b) 4 0 1  e 1 
1 1
(c) 4 0 (d) 4 0
e e
Ans. : (a)
   2
 1

Solution: Qenc   0  E.d a   0   1  e  r  2 .  r 2 sin  d d rˆ    0  1  e 
rˆ  
 4
0 0
r  

 Qenc  4 0 1  e 1 
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Q12. The Laplace transform of

 sin  at   at cos  at   is
2a 3  
2as s2  a2
(a) (b)
s  s  a2 
2 2
2
 a2 2
1 1
(c) (d)
s  a s 
2 2
2
 a2
Ans. : (d)
 sin at  at cos at  1
Solution: L   2
   s  a2 
3 2
2a
Q13. Two of the eigenvalues of the matrix

 a 3 0
 
A   3 2 0
 0 0 1
 
are 1 and 1 . What is the third eigenvalue?
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 5
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The sum of eigenvalues  Trace
Therefore 1  2  3  a  2  1  a  3
 1  1  3  a  3
 3  a  3 (i)
The product of eignevalues  Determinant
 1  2 3  2a  9
 1 1 3  2a  9
 3  9  2a (ii)
Eliminating a from equation (i) and putting it in (ii) gives

3  9  2  3  3  3  9  23  6
 33  15    5
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Q14. In a thermodynamic process the volume of one mole of an ideal is varied as where V  aT 1 a is
a constant. The adiabatic exponent of the gas is  . What is the amount of heat received by the
gas if the temperature of the gas increases by T in the process?
RT RT 2
(a) RT (b) (c) (d) RT
1  2  1
Ans. : (d)
a a
Solution: V   dU   dT
T T2
PV  RT
RT RT 2  a 
W   PdV   dV  W      2  dT
V a  T 
 W    RdT   RT
R
U  CV T  T
 1
R T  1   2 
Q  W  U   R T  RT   1  RT  
 1   1    1 
  exp   x    sin  x   dx , where  ... is Dirac distribution, is

Q15.

e 1 e 1 e
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
e 1 e 1 e 1
Ans. : (b)
Solution: We know that
  x  xi 
  f  x    
i f   xi 
where xi ’s are the roots of the equation f  x   0 .
Therefore, sin  x  0   x  n  xi  n where n is an integer
f   x    cos  x  f   xi     1  
n

Hence,   exp   x   sin  x  dx


  exp   x    0     x  1    x  1    x  1    x  2     x  2   

0 1  1 2  2
e e e e e    1  e1  e1  e2  e 2  
 1  2  e1  e2  e3  
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The terms in bracket form geometric series with first term e 1 and common ratio e 1 .

e1
  exp    x   sin  x   dx  1  2 
1/ e
1
 1 2 

1 e 1  1/ e
1/ e 1 e 1  2 e 1
 1 2  1 2   
 e  1 / e e 1 e 1 e 1
Q16. The integral
 cos x
 x2  1 dx is

(a) (b)  e2 (c)  (d) zero
e
Ans. : (a)
eiz eiz
Solution: f  z   2 
z  1  z  i  z  i 

cos x eii 
 x 2  1 dx  Re 2 i 
zi e

Q17. A one dimensional harmonic oscillator (mass m and frequency  ) is in a state  such that the
only possible outcomes of an energy measurement are E0 , E1 or E2 , where En is the energy of
3
the n -th excited state. If H is the Hamiltonian of the oscillator,  H   and
2
11 2 2
 H   2
, then the probability that the energy measurement yields E0 is
4
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 4 8
Ans. : (b)
Solution:   a 0  b 1  c 2 let us assume a, b, c is real
 3 5
a2   b2   c2  2 2 2
H  2 2 2  3   a  3b  5c  3  .…(i)
a 2  b2  c 2 4 2 2 2 4
   2  3  2  5 
2 2 2
a    b 
2
  c  
 2   11 
2 2
H   2   2 
a 2  b2  c2 4
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a 2
9b 2
25c 2
11 
2 2
    .....(ii)
4 4 4 4
a 2  b2  c 2  1 .…(iii)
1 1 1
Solving a 2  , b 2  , c 2 
4 2 4
   a2 1
P    a2 
 2  a b c
2 2 2
4
Q18. The charge density as a function of the radial distance r is given by
R2  r 2
  r   0 for r  R and zero otherwise.
R2
The electric flux over the surface of an ellipsoid with axes 3R, 4 R and 5R centered at the origin
is
4 8 8
(a) 0 R 3 (b) 0 R 3 (c) 0 R 3 (d) zero
3 0 9 0 15 0
Ans. : (a)
  Q R  2
 R2  r 2  2
Solution: Electric flux  E.d a  enc 
0
1
0   0  2  
 r sin  drd d 
8
15 0
0 R 3
0 0 0  R 
Q19. A quantum particle of mass m is moving on a horizontal circular path of radius a . The particle
is prepared in a quantum state described by the wavefunction
4
 cos 2  ,
3
 being the azimuthal angle. If a measurement of the z -component of orbital angular
momentum of die particle is carried out, the possible outcomes and the corresponding
probabilities are
1 1 1
(a) Lz  0,  , 2 with 0 P  0   , P      and P  2  
5 5 5
(b) Lz  0 with P  0   1
1 1
(c) Lz  0,   with P  0   and P     
3 3
2 1
(d) Lz  0, 2 with P  0   and P  2  
3 6
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Ans. : (d)
4 4  1  cos 2  4 1  2 2  exp 2i  exp 2i  

Solution:   cos 2       .   
3 3  2  3 2  2 2 2 
2 1 1
 0  2  2
3 6 6
2 1
Lz  0, 2 with P  0   and P  2  
3 6
Q20. Consider two canonically conjugate operators X̂ and Ŷ such that  Xˆ , Yˆ   iI , where I is
identity operator. If Xˆ  11Qˆ1  12Qˆ 2 , Yˆ   21Qˆ1   22Qˆ 2 , where  ij are complex numbers and
Qˆ1 , Qˆ 2   zI , the value of 11 22  12 21 is
 
i
(a) iz (b) (c) i (d) z
z
Ans. : (b)
Solution:  Xˆ , Yˆ   iI , 11Qˆ1  12 Qˆ 2 ,  21Qˆ1   22 Qˆ 2   i I
 11Qˆ1 ,  22Qˆ 2   12Qˆ 2 ,  21Qˆ1   11 22 Qˆ1 , Qˆ 2   12 21 Qˆ 2 , Qˆ1 
i
11 22  12 21  zI  iI  11 22  12 21  
z
Q21. Suppose the spin degree of freedom of two particles (nonzero rest mass and nonzero spin) is
described completely by a Hilbert space of dimension twenty one. Which of the following could
be the spin of one of the particles?
3 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 1 (d)
2 2
Ans. : (c)
Solution:  2 s1  1   2s2  1  21  7  3  s1  3, s2  1
Q22. For a classical system of non-interacting particles in the presence of a spherically symmetric
potential V  r    r 3 , what is the mean energy per particle?  is a constant.
3 5 3 3
(a) k BT (b) k BT (c)  k BT (d)  k BT
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (b)
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 r3

Solution: V   e kBT
4 r 2 dr
  r3   r3
 
 r e 4 r dr  r e
3 k BT 2 5 k BT
dr
 0
 r3
 0
 r3
put u  r 3 and solve the integral
   
e 4 r 2 dr r e
k BT 2 k BT
dr
0 0
1
 2  
 3a    k BT  k BT
1 a 
3a
Put u  r 3 or r  u1/ 3

5/ 3  au 1 2 / 3 1 13 1
0 u e
3
u dudr 
3
x

1
30 ue au du
1 3 5
dr  u 2 / 3 du  k BT  k BT  k BT
3 2 2
Q23. A particle of mass 1kg is undergoing small oscillation about the equilibrium point in the
1 1
potential V  x   12
 6 for x  0 meters. The time period (in seconds) of the oscillation is
2x x
 
(a) (b) (c) 1.0 (d) 
2 3
Ans. : (c)
1 1
Solution: V  x   12
 6
2x x
V 1 12 6 1 1 
  13  7  0   7  6  1  0
x 2x x x x 
x6  1
 2V
 2V 6 13 6.7 x 2
  8  78  42  34   x 1
 34  5.8
x 2 x 1
x14 x m
2 2 2  3.14
  34  T    1.08
T 34 5.8
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Q24. A block of mass M is moving on a frictionless inclined surface of a
wedge of mass m under the influence of gravity. The wedge is lying on
a rigid frictionless horizontal surface. The configuration can be 
  r1 
described using the radius vectors r1 and r2 shown in the figure. How r2
many constraints are present and what are the types?

(a) One constraint; holonomic and scleronomous
(b) Two constraints; Both are holonomic; one is scleronomous and rheonomous
(c) Two constraints; Both are scleronomous; one is holonomic and other is non- holonomic.
(d) Two constraints; Both are holonomic and scleronomous
Ans. : (d)
Q25. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength  is incident normally on a dielectric slab of thickness
t . If K is the dielectric constant of the slab, the change in phase of the emergent wave compared
with the case of propagation in the absence of the dielectric slab is
2 t 2 t
(a) K 1 (b) 2 (c)

(d)

 K 1 
Ans: (d)
Solution: Assume wave is propagating is positive z -direction:

In absence of the dielectric slab, phase 1  kz  t  d  t (let thickness is d )
c
  K
In presence of the dielectric slab, phase 2  kz  t  d  t  d  t  n  K
c/n c
 2
Thus change is phase is 2  1 
c
d  
K 1 

d  K 1 
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PART B (THREE MARKS QUESTIONS)
Q1. An electronic circuit with 10000 components performs its intended function success fully with a
probability 0.99 if there are no faulty components in the circuit. The probability that there are
faulty components is 0.05 . if there are faulty components, the circuit perform successfully with a
x
probability 0.3 . The probability that the circuit performs successfully is . What is x ?
10000
Q2. If an abelian group is constructed with two distinct elements a and b such that a 2  b 2  I ,
where I is the group identity. What is the order order of the smallest abelian group containing
a, b and I ?
Ans. : 4
Solution: According to the question a, b and I are elements of group. The Cayley table for the group is
I a b
I I a b
a a I ab
b b ba I
For the commutative group ab  ba . If the order of the group is 3 , then from the table we see
that ab should be equal to b and ba should be equal to a .
ab  b and ba  a
Using the commutative property we can write
ab
But from the question a and b are distinct elements. Therefore the group will contain more than
3 elements.
The new Cayley-table is
o I a b ab
I I a b ab
a a I ab b
b b ba I a
ab ab b a I
Here we have used the fact that for commutative group ab  ba .
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From the table we see that this group is commutative and all group axioms are satisfied by the
elements of group. So,
G  a, b, I , ab
The order of the group is 4 .

Q3. In the circuit shown below, the capacitor is initially uncharged. Immediately after the key K is
closed, the reading in the ammeter is 27 mA .
2R
R
C A
K
4R 3R
What will the reading (in mA ) be a long time later?

Ans. : 30
Solution: Immediately after the key K is closed, capacitor is short circuited. Using KCL
R 2R
3R I1
I1   I  27 mA  I  45 mA .  
5R
I
2 R  3R R  4 R 4R 3R
Req    2R
5R 5R
Thus V  IReq  90 R
V
After long time, capacitor is open circuited.
R 2R
Using KCL
I1
3R  7 R 21  
Req   R
10 R 10
I
V 90 R 300 4R 3R
I    mA
Req 21R /10 7
7 R 300
I1   mA  30 mA . V
10 R 7
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Q4. The normalized eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian of a Particle confined to
move between 0  x  a in one dimension are
2 n x n 2 2  2
 n  x  sin and En 
a a 2ma 2
respectively. Here 1, 2,3... . Suppose the state of the particle is
x    x 
  x   A sin   1  cos  
 a   a 
where A is the normalization constant. If the energy of the particle is measured, the probability
 22 x
to get the result as 2
is . What is the value of x ?
2ma 100
Ans. : 80
x    x  a  2 x  2 2 x    x 

Solution:   x   A sin   1  cos    A sin   sin   cos  
 a   a  2  a  a  2 a  a   a 
a  2 x  2 2 x    x 
  x  A sin   sin   cos  
2  a  a  2 a  a   a 
a  1 
  A  1  2 
2  2 
a 2  1 a 5 8
  1 A 1    A2   1  A 
2  4 2 4 5a
a 8  1  4 1
  .  1  2   1  2
2 5a  2  5 5
  22  4 x 4
P 2 
   x   100  80
 2ma  5 100 5 iC
Q5. Consider the transistor circuit shown in the figure.

RC
Assume VBEQ  0.7 V ,VBB  6V and the leakage current is
C
V
negligible. What is the required value of RB in kilo-ohms
 CC
RB B 
if the base current is to be 4  A ? VCE
iB 
Ans. : 1325 
V E
 BB iE
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Solution: Apply LVL in input section
VBB  VBE 6V  0.7V
VBB  I B RB  VBE  0  RB    k    1325 k 
IB 4 103 mA
Q6. A person on Earth observes two rockets A and B directly approaching each other with speeds
0.8c and 0.6 c respectively. At a time when the distance between the rockets is observed to be
4.2 108 m , the clocks of the rockets and the Earth are synchronized to t  0 s . The time of
x
collision (in seconds) of the two rockets as measured in rocket A ' s frame is . What is x ?
10
Ans. : 5.3
Solution: v  0.8c, u x'  0.6
u x  v 1.4
ux   c
u x v 1.48
1 2
c
v2
l  l0 1  2
 4.2  108 1  .64  4.2 108  0.36
c
l 4.2 108  0.36 x

t   0.53   x  5.3
ux 0.94  3 108
10
Q7. A harmonic oscillator has the following Hamiltonian
pˆ 2 1
H0   m 2 xˆ 2
2m 2
It is perturbed with a potential V   xˆ 4 Some of the matrix elements of x̂ 2 in terms of its
expectation value in the ground state are given as follows:
0 xˆ 2 0  C
0 xˆ 2 2  2C
1 xˆ 2 1  3C
1 xˆ 2 3  6C
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 1
where n is the normalized eigenstate of H 0 corresponding to thee eigenvalue En    n   .
 2
Suppose E0 and E1 denote the energy correction of O    to thee ground state and the first
E1
excited state, respectively. What is the fraction ?
E0
Ans. : 5
Solution: For nth state En  n X 4 n 

2
4m 
2 2 
6n 2  6n  3 
E0  0 X 0 
4 3 2
4m2 2
1X 1 
4 2
4m 2 2

6.1  6.1  3 
2 15 2
4m 2 2

E1
5
E0
Q8. Two parallel rails of a railroad track are insulated from each other and from the ground. The
distance between the rails is 1 meter. A voltmeter is electrically connected between the rails.
Assume the vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field to the 0.2 gauss. What is the
voltage developed between the rails when a train travels at a speed of 180 km / h along the track?
Give the answer in milli-volts.
Ans. : 1.0
Solution: Induced emf   Blv   0.2 104  1m 180 
10
 103 volts  1 mV
60  60
Q9. Consider a simple pendulum in three dimensional space. It consists of a string length l  20 cm
and bob mass m  15 kg attached to it as shown in the figure below. The acceleration due to
gravity is downwards as shown in the figure with a magnitude g  10 ms 2 .
y
l  20cm
z
m  15kg
g  10ms 2
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
The pendulum is pulled in the x  z plane to a position where the string makes an angle  
3
with the z -axis. It is then released an angular velocity  radians per second about the z-axis.
What should be the value of  in radians per second so that the angle lie siring makes with the
z -axis does not change with time?
Ans. : 31.6 m / s
Solution: The object of mass m execute a horizontal circular orbit of radius r
with angular velocity  . Let h be the vertical distance between the 
h l
pivotal and the plane of the circular orbit and let  be the angle subtended T
by eh string with the downward vertical. r
The object is subject to two forces 

mg
(i) The gravitational force mg which acts vertically downward and
(ii) The tension force T which acts upward along the string
The vertical component of the tension force ( T cos  ) balances the weight of the object ( mg )
i.e. T cos   mg ….(i)
Since the object is executing a circular orbit, radius r , with angular velocity  , it experiences a
centripetal force m  2 r
 T sin   m  2 r ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2 r
tan   ….(iii)
h
r
since, tan   ….(iv)
h
r 2 r g
  
h h h
Now, h  l cos 
g
 
l cos 
Given g  10 ms 2 , l  20 cm  20  102 m
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
  600
3
10 10
   1000
2  10  cos  60 
2 0
2
2 10 
1
2
   31.6 m / s
Q10. Two conductors are embedded in a material of conductivity 104 ohm  m and dielectric constant
 80 0 The resistance between the two conductors is 106 ohm. What is the capacitance (in
pF ) between the two conductors? Ignore the decimal part of the answer.
Ans. : ***
PART C (THREE MARKS QUESTIONS)

Q1. An ideal fluid is subjected to a thermodynamic process described by   CV  and P  n 
where  is energy density and P is pressure. For what values of n and  the process is
adiabatic if the volume is changed slowly?
(a)     1, n  1 (b)   1   , n  
(c)   1, n    1 (d)    , n  1  
Ans. : (c)
U
Solution: As    U  V  CV 1
V
  n 
   n  CV    ne V  
 
TdS  dU  PdV
TdS  0
dU  PdV  0
dU  C 1    V  dV
PdV  neV  dV

 C 1    V  dV  neV  dV  0
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 CV 1    V 1    ne  dV  0
 1
This is true only if   1 and for   1 , 1    n  0

 n    1 . Therefore, correct option is (c).
Q2. If y  x  satisfies
dy
 y 1   log y  
2
dx  
 
and y  0   1 for x  0 then y   is
2

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) infinity
2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The given differential equation can be written as
1 dy
 1   log y 
2
y dx
1 dy dz
Let log y  z then 
y dx dx
Therefore, we can write
dz dz
 1 z2  2  dx
dx z 1
Integrating both sides gives tan 1 z  x  c
Since, z  log y , we can write tan 1  log y   x  c
From the question y  0   1
 tan 1  log1  0  c  c  0
 tan 1  log y   x or, y  e tan x
when x   / 2, y  e tan  / 2  
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Q3. A frictionless heat conducting piston of negligible mass and heat capacity divides a vertical,
insulated cylinder of height 2 H and cross sectional area A into two halves. Each half contains
one mole of an ideal gas at temperature T0 and pressure P0 corresponding to STP. The heat
capacity ratio   C p / Cv is given. A load of weight W is tied to the piston and suddenly
released. After the system comes to equilibrium, the piston is at rest and the temperatures of the
gases in the two compartments are equal. What is the final displacement y of the piston from its
initial position, assuming yW  T0Cv ?
2H H 2H
(a) (b) H  (c) (d)
  
Ans. : (c)
P0V0 P2V2
Solution: 
T0 T2
P0 A  H P2  A  H  y  

T0 T2
T2  P0 H
Px  ….(i)
T0  H  y 
P0 A  H A H  y T PH
  P1 P1  2  0 ….(ii)
T0 T2 T0  H  y 
Total change in internal energy of the system = Net energy input = wy
2 xCV T2  T0   wy
as wy  CV T0 and n  1 mole
wy
T2  (A)
2CV
R
CV 
 1
Also as equilibrium
w
P2  P1 
A
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Put the value of T2 in (i) and (A) and substitute (ii) from (i)
wy P0 H wy P0 H w
 
2CV T0  H  y  2CV T0  H  y  A
HP0 y  1 1  1
  
2CV T0 H y H  y A
A  H  P0 y  Hy  H  y 
   1 AH  V0
R  H 2  y2 
2 T
 1 0
P0V0 y 2 y   1 R  y 2   1
  1 1
T0 2 R  H 2  y 2  R  H 2  y2 
H
y 2  y 2  H 2  y 2  y 

Q4. An apparatus is made from two concentric conducting cylinders of radii a and b respectively,
where a  b . The inner cylinder is grounded and the outer cylinder is at a positive potential V .
The space between the cylinders has a uniform magnetic field H directed along the axis of the
cylinders. Electrons leave the inner cylinder with zero speed and travel towards the outer
cylinder. What is the threshold value of V below which the electrons cannot reach the outer
cylinder?
eH 2  b 2  a 2  eH 2  b 2  a 2 
2
(a) (b)
8 mc 2 8 mc 2b 2
eH 2  b 2  a 2 
2
eH 2b b 2
 a2 
(c) 2 2
(d) 2
8 mc a 8 mc
Ans. : (b)
Q5. A theoretical model for a real (non-ideal) gas gives the following expressions for the internal
energy U  and the pressure  P  ,
2 5/ 3 2 1/ 3 2
U T , V   aV 2 / 3  bV 2 / 3T 2 and P T ,V  
aV  bV T
3 3
where a and b are constants. Let V0 and T0 be the initial volume and initial temperature
respectively. If the gas expands adiabatically, the volume of the gas is proportional to
(a) T (b) T 3/ 2 (c) T 3/ 2 (d) T 2
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Ans. : (c)
2 5/ 3 2 1/ 3 2
Solution: U T , V   aV 2 / 3  bV 2 / 3T 2 and P T ,V   aV  bV T
3 3
TdS  dU  PdV
dU   PdV  ds  0 
U U 2 2 
dU  dT  dV    aV 5 / 3  bV 1/ 3T 2  dV
T V 3 3 
2  23 1 2 2 2
 2bV 2 / 3TdT aV dV  bV 1/ 3T 2 dV   aV 5/ 3 dV  bV 1/ 3T 2 dV
3 3 3 3
T 2 2
2bV 2 / 3 2
dT  bV 1/ 3T 2 dV   bV 1/ 3T 2 dV
T 3 3
dT 4 bV 1/ 3
 dV
T 3 2bV 2 / 3
dT 2
  V 1dV
T 3
ln T  ln V 2 / 3
T  V 2 / 3  V  T 3 / 2
Q6. Consider two coupled harmonic oscillators of mass m in each. The Hamiltonian describing the
oscillators is
pˆ 2 pˆ 2 1

Hˆ  1  2  m 2 xˆ12  xˆ22   xˆ1  xˆ2 
2m 2m 2
2

The eigenvalues of Ĥ are given by (with n1 and n2 being non-negative integers)
(a) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1
 1 1  1
(b) En1 ,n2    n1      n2  
 2 3  2
 1  1
(c) En1 ,n2    n1    3   n2  
 2  2
1
(d) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1
3
Ans. : (c)
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1
2
 2 1
 
Solution: V  m 2 xˆ12  xˆ22   xˆ1  xˆ2   m 2 2 xˆ12  2 xˆ22  2 xˆ1 xˆ2
2

V
1
2

k 2 xˆ12  2 xˆ22  2 xˆ1 xˆ2 
 2k k  m 0 
V   T  
 k 2k   0 m
Secular equation is given by V  02T  0
 2k  02 m k 
V  0
 k 2k  02 m 
 2k   m  k 3k
2
2
0  k 2  0  0  , ,  0   , 3
m m
Quantum mechanical energy is
 1  1
En1 ,n2    n1    3   n2  
 2  2
Q7. A ball comes in from the left with speed 1 (in arbitrary units) and causes a series of collisions.
The other four balls shown in the figure are initially at rest. The initial motion is shown below
(the number in the circle indicate the object’s relative mass). This initial velocities of the balls
shown in the figure are represented as 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 .
1 1 1 1 2
A negative sign means that the velocity is directed to the left. All collisions are elastic. Which of
the following indicates the velocities of the balls after all the collisions are completed?
 1 1 1  1 2
(a)   ,  , 0, 0,  (b)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 2 2  3 3
 1 3  1 1
(c)   , 0, 0, 0,  (d)   , 0, 0, 0, 
 2 4  2 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: ds  2 balls of same mass have elastic collision, after collision. First ball stops and second
moves with velocity of 1st
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1m / s 1m / s
Second collision
u0 v0
1m / s 1m / s
Third collision
u0 v0
1m / s
v2
Fourth collision
1 kg 2 kg u  0 v1
v2  v1
1 1  2  v1  2v2  v1  2v2  1 and 1   v2  v1  1
1 0
2 2
so v2  m / s, v1   m / s
3 3
1m / s
First collision 1
1 kg m/s
3
1
1 u0 m/s
m/s 3
3
Second collision
u0 1
m/s
3
1 v0
m/s
3
Third collision
Final velocity
 1 2
  3 , 0, 0, 0, 3  . So the correct option is (b).
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Q8. Consider the Lagrangian
q2
L  1  1  q 2 
2
of a particle executing oscillations whose amplitude is A . If p denotes the momentum of the
particle, then 4 p 2 is
 
(a) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(b) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
 
(c) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2   
(d) A2  q 2 4  A2  q 2 
Ans. : (a)
Q9. A block of mass M rests on a plane inclined at an angle  with respect to the horizontal. A
horizontal force F  Mg is applied to the block If  is the static friction between the block and
the plane, the range of  so that the block remains stationary is
(a)    tan    (b) 1    cot   1  
1  1  1  1 
(c)  tan   (d)  cot  
1  1  1  1 
Ans. : (c)
Solution: The free body diagram of the block is shown below:
The normal force on the block can be calculated using Newton’s second law in the direction
perpendicular to the incline.
N
N  Mg cos   Mg sin   0
 Mg
 N  Mg  sin   cos  

Maximum value of static frictional force  Mg
f s   Mg  sin   cos  
The coefficient  tells us that Ff   N . Using Eq this inequality becomes
Mg sin   cos    Mg  cos   sin   ……(1).
The absolute value here signifies that we must consider two cases:
If tan   1 , then Eq.(1) becomes
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1 
sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
We divided by 1   , so this inequality is valid if   1 , we see from the first inequality here that
any value of  (subject to our assumption, tan   1 ) works.
If tan   1 , then Eq. (1) becomes
1 
 sin   cos     cos   sin    tan   .
1 
Putting these two ranges for  together, we have
1  1 
 tan   .
1  1 
Q10. The coordinate q and the momentum p of a particle satisfy
dq dp
 p,  3q  4 p
dt dt
A t 
If A  t  is the area of any region of points moving in the  q, p  -space, then the ratio is
A 0
(a) 1 (b) exp  3t  (c) exp  4t  (d) exp  3t / 4 
Ans. : (c)
Q11. The elastic wave on a stretched rectangular membrane of size L  2 L in the x  y plane is
described by the function
x y
A sin sin cos t   
L L
where A and  are constants. The speed of the elastic waves is v . The angular frequency  is
5v 2 v 5 v 17 v
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L L 2L 2L
Ans. : (b)
x   y 
Solution: Since   A sin   sin   cos t   
 L   L 
Compare it with standing wave equation
  A sin  k x x  sin  k y y  cos t   
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gives
 
kx  and k y 
L L
2 v
 k  k x2  k y2 
L
 2 v
v    vk 
k L
Thus, correct option is (b)
Q12. A large cylinder of radius R filled with particles of mass m . The cylinder spins about its axis at
an angular speed  radians per second, providing an acceleration g for the particles at the rim.
If tile temperature T is constant inside the cylinder, what is the ratio of air pressure P0 at the
axis to the pressure Pc , at the rim?
 mgR   mgR  mgR 2kbT

(a) exp   (b) exp    (c) (d)
 2kbT   2kbT  2kbT mgR
Ans. : (b)

dP
Solution:   r 2
dr
R 2  g
r
dP Pm g
 r 
dr RT R
dP mg
 rdr
P k B TR
mg 2 mgR
ln P  r  ln P 
k B TR kBT
mgR
mgR P 
PC  P0 e  0  e 2 k BT
kBT PC
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Q13. In an experiment, certain quantity of an ideal gas at temperature T0 pressure P0 and volume V0
is heated by a current flowing through a Wire for a duration of t seconds. The volume is kept
constant and the pressure changes to P1 . If the experiment is performed at constant pressure
starting with the same initial conditions, the volume changes from V0 to V1 . The ratio of the
specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume is
P1  P0 V0 P1  P0 V1 PV
1 1 PV
0 0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
V1  V0 P0 V1  V0 P1 PV
0 0 PV
1 1
Ans. : (a)
Solution: (I) Constant volume heating
P0 P1 P
  T1  1 T0
T0 T1 P0
P 
Q  CV T1  T0   CV  1  1 T0
 P0 
(II) Constant pressure heating
V0 V1 V
  T1  1 T0
T0 T1 V0
V 
Q   CP T1  T0   CP T0  1  1
 V0 
PdV  VdP  RdT
PdV  RdT
P P
dTP  dV  0  V1  V0 
R R
V V
dTV  dP  0  P1  P0 
R R
V0 P
CV   P1  P0   CP  0 V1  V0 
R R
CP V0  P1  P0  P P  V
   1 0  0
CV P0 V1  V0   V1  V0  P0
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Q14. Consider a wavepacket defined by

  x    dkf  k  exp i  kx  

K K
Further, f  k   0 for k  and f  k   a for k  . Then, the form of normalized   x  is
2 2
Kx
sin
8 K Kx 2 2
(a) sin (b)
x 2 K x
Kx
sin
8 K Kx 2 2
(c) cos (d)
x 2 K x
Ans. : (b)

Solution: Given   x    dkf  k  eikx

K
  x  
K /2
dK a eiKx K 
K / 2 2
K K
q q i x i x K
f K   0
K /2
 eikx  e 2 e 2 K
ix K / 2 ix 2
a
2 kx
  x   sin
x 2
K K
22 Kx
 
A  22
dx  1 2 2
 x 2
h 2 Kx / 2

4 A2  1
 x2
x
4 A2 1
2
1 1
A2   A
2 K 2 K
2 1 Kx
  x   sin
x 2 K 2
Kx
sin
2
   x  2
K x
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Q15. If F  x, y   x  y  xy , its Legendre transformed function G  u , v  , upto a multiplicative
2 2
constant, is
(d)  u  v 
2
(a) u 2  v 2  uv (b) u 2  v 2  uv (c) u 2  v 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: G  F  xu  yv
dG  dF  xdu  udv  ydv  vdy
F  x 2  y 2  xy
F F
dF  dx  dy
x y
dF  udx  vdy
dG  udx  vdy  xdu  udx  ydv  vdy
dG   xdu  ydv
F F
u ,v 
x x
u  2 x  y, 2u  4 x  2 y
2v  4 y  2 x , v  2 y  x
1
y  2v  u 
3
2u  v  3 x
1
x  2u  v 
3
1 1
dG    2u  v  du   2v  u  dx
3 3
1 1 G G
dG  u, v     2u  v  du   2v  u  dv  du  dv
3 3 u v
G 1 G 1
   2u  v  ,    2v  u  (i)
u 3 v 3
G  u, v   
3
 u  uv   h  v 
1 2
(ii)
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1 dh  v  u dh  v 
G  u , v     u    
3 d v 3 dv
2v u u dh  v 
  
3 3 3 dx
v 2
h v  (iii)
3
v2
     u 2  v 2  4v 
1 2 1
G  u, v    u  uv 
3 3 3
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JEST 2018 Solution

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is in thermal equilibrium at temperature T . The total energy E T , H  of the collection is

where Pm  x  and Pn  x  are the Legendre polynomials of order m and n respectively?

(a) all m, m  n (b) m  n is an odd integer

long will be particle take to reach r0

 2Veffective 3L2 12k

Q11. An electric charge distribution produces an electric field

Q12. The Laplace transform of

Q13. Two of the eigenvalues of the matrix

Eliminating a from equation (i) and putting it in (ii) gives

Therefore, sin  x  0   x  n  xi  n where n is an integer

only possible outcomes of an energy measurement are E0 , E1 or E2 , where En is the energy of

4 4  1  cos 2  4 1  2 2  exp 2i  exp 2i  

Solution:  Xˆ , Yˆ   iI , 11Qˆ1  12 Qˆ 2 ,  21Qˆ1   22 Qˆ 2   i I

 11Qˆ1 ,  22Qˆ 2   12Qˆ 2 ,  21Qˆ1   11 22 Qˆ1 , Qˆ 2   12 21 Qˆ 2 , Qˆ1 

many constraints are present and what are the types?

The order of the group is 4 .

What will the reading (in mA ) be a long time later?

x    x  a  2 x  2 2 x    x 

Q5. Consider the transistor circuit shown in the figure.

l 4.2 108  0.36 x

Solution: For nth state En  n X 4 n 

gravity is downwards as shown in the figure with a magnitude g  10 ms 2 .

by eh string with the downward vertical. r

The object is subject to two forces 

PART C (THREE MARKS QUESTIONS)

PdV  neV  dV

This is true only if   1 and for   1 , 1    n  0

From the question y  0   1

 tan 1  log y   x or, y  e tan x

Total change in internal energy of the system = Net energy input = wy

(a) En1 ,n2    n1  n2  1

Secular equation is given by V  02T  0

The coefficient  tells us that Ff   N . Using Eq this inequality becomes

Mg sin   cos    Mg  cos   sin   ……(1).

axis to the pressure Pc , at the rim?

 mgR   mgR  mgR 2kbT

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