PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES, ETHICS AND HUMAN - a set of moral code to which every profession must
RELATIONS subscribe
- guides the professional where the law is silent or
inadequate

CRIM. 3: ETHICS AND VALUES POLICE ETHICS

PART ONE
GENERAL and SPECIAL ETHICS
ETHICS
- the science of the morality of human acts
- the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of
human rational behaviour
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means
characteristic way of acting and ethikos, which
means customary
- Ethics employs the faculty of human reasoning in
tackling the important question of what makes an
upright life. Ethics is therefore a noble and
important science.
- It means a branch of philosophy dealing with what
are good and bad with moral duty and obligation
- A set of principles of right conduct. It is a set of
moral values: the Principle of conduct governing an
individual or a group. Refers to practical science of
the normality of human conduct. A theory or a
system of moral values.
MORALITY
- the quality which makes an act good or bad,
good or evil, right or wrong
- an example of professional ethics
- a practical science that treats the principle of
human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement
VALUES
- anything that a person considers important in life,
such as material things, ideas and experiences
KINDS OF VALUES
1) BIOLOGICAL VALUES
- those that are necessary for survival, such as
food, shelter, clothing, sex, water, sleep
- include the physiological needs of man as man
2) PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
- those are that are necessary for emotional
fulfillment of man, such as relationships,
companionship, family, friendships, love
3) INTELLECTUAL VALUES
- those that are necessary for the intellectual
fulfillment of man, such as achievements,
career, success
4) MORAL VALUES
- those that are necessary for the spiritual
fulfillment of man

Morals- have a greater social element to VIRTUE

values and tend to have a very broad - a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that
acceptance. harmonizes with his nature
- the habit of doing good
- the opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
1) moral - good, right
2) immoral - bad, wrong 1) PRUDENCE
3) amoral - neither good nor bad - the ability to govern and discipline oneself by
means of reason and sound judgment
HUMAN ACTS - the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the
- acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and most effective means for accomplishing what is
freely morally good and avoiding what is evil
2) TEMPERANCE
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS - one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
- the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for
1) KNOWINGLY sensual pleasures
- when the person fully understands what he is 3) FORTITUDE
doing and has the ability to appreciate the - firmness of mind
consequences of his actions - the courage to endure without yielding
2) DELIBERATELY - the virtue that incites courage
- when the person did his actions intentionally
3) FREELY a) PATIENCE – calmness and composure in
- when the person performed his actions enduring situations
voluntarily b) PERSEVERANCE – the ability to go on
despite the obstacles
c) ENDURANCE – the ability to last
TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS 4) JUSTICE
- the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of
1) GENERAL ETHICS his rights
- the study of the general principles of morality

2) SPECIAL ETHICS THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

- the study of the application of the general
principles of morality; included in this division is
the category of professional ethics 1) COMMUTATIVE
- virtue that regulates those actions that involve the
rights that exist between one and another
2) DISTRIBUTIVE
 - Regulates those actions that involve the rights than
an individual may claim from society
3) LEGAL
- virtue that regulates those actions which society
may justly require of the individual for the common
good
RIGHT
- anything that is owed or due
- something to which a person has a just and lawful
claim
- anything that a person can lawfully demand
HUMAN RIGHTS
- rights pertaining to the rights of man
- rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human
being
- are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to
life, dignity and to self-development
supreme rights = highest form of rights
inherent rights = rights attached to men as
human
inalienable rights = rights that cannot be
transferred, cannot be borrowed and cannot be
taken away
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1) RIGHT TO LIFE
Exceptions:
self-defense
death under exceptional circumstances
death penalty
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Exceptions:
for reasons of public health and public safety
penalty for commission of a crime
circumstances of warrantless arrests
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions:
circumstances of warrantless search
by virtue of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which
are guaranteed and protected under Article III of the
1987 Philippine Constitution
- protection of individuals against abuses of the state
- protection of the rights of an accused
DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit
- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of
doing, omitting or avoiding
- for every right, there is a corresponding duty
PART TWO
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
SECTION 37, RA 6975
“There shall be established a performance
evaluation system which shall be administered in
accordance with the rules, regulations and standards,
and A CODE OF CONDUCT promulgated by the
Commission for members of the PNP…”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4
- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving
the draft of the Philippine National Police Code
of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards
by the PNP
- approved on 12 March 1992
PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral
discipline and organizational effectiveness, as
well as respect for constitutional and human
rights of citizens, democratic principles and
ideals and the supremacy of civilian authority
over the military;
2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional
conduct in the police service;
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all
PNP members; and
4) To enlighten members of the police service of
what behavior is really acceptable – to define
what is permitted and what is prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE
1) RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices
Act
2) RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees
3) RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act
4) RA 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
5) PLEB Rules and Regulations
IMPORTANT TERMS
NON-FEASANCE
- the failure to perform an act or duty that is part
of one’s obligation without sufficient excuse
MALFEASANCE
- the commission of an act that one is prohibited
to do
MISFEASANCE
- the improper or incorrect performance of an act
that should be done or performed
INCOMPETENCY
- lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties; could
be due to physical or intellectual limitations or
lack of skill
Gratuities – are material favors or gifts in return for
service; the universal code of ethics for law enforcers
disapproves gratuities.
The lingo pasasalamat" "Padulas" and
"pabagsak" are commonly used term for gratuities.
→"Pasasalamat" refers to the acceptance of gifts,
money or favor as a result of an act performed by a
police officer or public servant.
→""Pabagsak" is used to denote the giving of money
or favor and acceptance of any public to perform his or
her functions.
→""Padulas" refers to the taking of money, gifts or
favors from others by a public servant to expedite the
performance of official functions.
 2)
Police Brutality – denotes unreasonable and
unnecessary use of force, commonly done in
effecting arrests of criminal offenders, fugitives
3)
from justice and suspects or abuse in the manner
of executing a warrant of arrest, search and
seizure.
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT
- abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to
the government of the Philippines
- advocating to overthrow the present
administration
4)
POLICE DISCRETION
- the act or the liberty to decide according to the
principles of justice and the police officer’s ideas 5)
of what is right and proper under the
circumstances
6)
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental
duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard life and property; 7)
to protect the innocent against deception; the weak
against oppression or intimidation; and the peaceful
against violence or disorder; and to respect the 8)
constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality and
justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an 9)
example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of
danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint and be gifts or special favors
constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in 10)
thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I
will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and evidence
regulations of my organization. Whatever I see or hear 11)
of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my
official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation
is necessary in the performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal
feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to
influence my decision. With no compromise for crime
and with relentless prosecution of criminal, I will enforce PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE
the law courteously and appropriately, without fear or 1)
favor, malice or ill-will, never employing unnecessary
force or violence and never accepting gratuities in return. prevent crime
2)
I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol
of public faith and I accept it as a public trust to be held support
so long as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will 3)
never engage in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I Cooperation
condone such acts by other police officers. I will
cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and their
representatives in the pursuit of justice.
4)
I know that I alone am responsible for my own not Sufficient
standard of professional performance and will take every
reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my level
of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to
achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself 5)
before God to my chosen profession... law enforcement.
6)
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS 7)
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1) Primordial Police Responsibility
-the primary responsibility of the police is crime 8)
prevention
Limitation of Police Authority
- laws set limits to the power of the police
- police officers are not exempted from
obeying the laws they are
enforcing
Knowledge of the Law and other
Responsibilities
- police officers are expected to know and
understand the laws they are enforcing
- police officers must fully understand their
duties and responsibilities as police officers
- police officers must know and fully
understand the relationship of the PNP
organization with other law enforcement
agencies and other government agencies
Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
- - police officers must only employ legal
methods in the conduct of their work
Cooperation with Public Officials
- police officers must cooperate with other
public officials and government agencies
Proper Conduct and Behavior
- police officers must always observe proper
conduct and behavior both in their personal
and official life
Conduct towards the Community
- police officers must never forget that they
are public servants
Conduct in Arresting Law Violators
- - police officers must always adhere to the
prescribed rules when effecting arrests
of suspects
Firmness in Refusing Gifts
- police officers must never ask for nor accept
Impartial Presentation of Evidence
- police officers must be fair in presenting
Attitude towards Police Profession
- police officers must have a high regard for the
police profession and must be proud that
they are police officers
- police officers must strive to improve their
knowledge and skills in order be the best
police officers that they can be
Prevention of Crime and Disorder
- it is the primary objective of the police to
Cooperation of the Community
- the police is dependent upon community
Unreasonable Force Reduces Community
- the use of unreasonable force on the part of
the police negatively affects the desire of the
people to cooperate with the police
Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is
- the police may only use force when dialogue is
no longer effective and the degree of force to be
used must be reasonable
Impartial Enforcement of Laws
- the police must be fair in enforcing the laws
The Community are the Police
- the police and the community are dependent
on each other and must work hand in hand to
prevent crimes
Police should not Usurp Judicial Power
- the police has no power or authority to decide
whether a suspect is guilty or innocent of a
crime because only the court has this power
Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
 - the police must always adhere to the
prescribed procedures in the performance of their duty
9) Reduction of Crime and Disorder
- the effectiveness of the police is measured
through the ability of the police to prevent crime
10) Police Discretion
- the police must never abuse the police
discretion granted to them
PNP CORE VALUES
1) Love of God
2) Respect for Authority
3) Selfless Love and Service to People
4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5) Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over
Material Things
6) Truthfulness
POLICE OFFICER’S CREED
I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great
Provider, and the Creator of all men and everything
dear to me. In return, I cannot less than love Him above
all, seek His guidance in the performance of my sworn
duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I
respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land
and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the
legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and
obey legal orders of my superior officers.
I believe in selfless love and service to
people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal
convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and
respect for women. I shall set the example of decency
and morality and shall have high regard for family life
and chastity.
I believe in responsible dominion and
stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit myself
from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect
the environment and conserve nature to maintain
ecological balance. I shall respect private and public
properties and prevent others from destroying them.
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I
must be trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all
times as required by the profession.
PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
1) PNP IMAGE
- the PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP
Core Values and shall possess the following
virtues:
a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE
2) CAREER MANAGEMENT
- the PNP shall formulate and implement policies
and human resources development system for
all PNP personnel, from recruitment to
retirement
3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
- the primary basis for consideration in the
selection of personnel for employment and
deployment shall be the individual’s capabilities
and competent leadership
4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
- there shall be judicious and equitable distribution
of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the PNP
service;
- the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit
and fitness system
5) DELICADEZA
- all members of the PNP must have moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest
6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle
that is acceptable and respectable in the eyes of
the public because the public expects a police
officer to live a simple, yet dignified life
7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE
- all PNP members must inhibit themselves from
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining
to assignments, promotions, trainings and
awards
8) HUMAN RIGHTS
- all PNP members shall respect and protect
human dignity and man’s rights to life, liberty
and property
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- police officers must commit themselves to a
democratic way of life and values and maintain
the principle of public accountability
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution
and be loyal to the legitimate government
2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
- police officers must always uphold public
interest over and above personal interest
- they shall use public resources and properties
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of
public funds
3) NON-PARTISANSHIP
- police officers shall provide services to everyone
without discrimination regardless of political
affiliation in accordance with existing laws and
regulations
4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH
- police officers shall strive to be physically and
mentally fit and in good health at all times
5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of
official information against unauthorized access
and disclosure
6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
- police officers, as well as their immediate family
members, shall be encouraged to actively get
involved in religious, social and civic activities to
enhance the image of the PNP organization
7) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
- police officers shall seek self-improvement
through career development without directly or
indirectly soliciting favors or recommendation
from politicians, high-ranking government
officials and the like
8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC
PROPERTY
- police officers shall be responsible for the
security, proper care and use of public authority
issued to them for the performance of their
duties
9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
 - police officers shall respect and protect human
rights in the performance of their duty
10) DEVOTION TO DUTY
- police officers shall perform their duties with
dedication, thoroughness, efficiency,
enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern
for public welfare
11) CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
- police officers shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for
ecological balance and posterity
12) DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall conduct themselves properly
at all times in keeping with the rules and
regulations of the organization
13) LOYALTY
- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution
and to the police service as manifested by their
loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates
as well
14) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
- police officers shall obey lawful orders and be
courteous to superior officers and other
appropriate authorities
15) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- immediate commanders shall be responsible for
the effective supervision, control and direction of
their personnel
ETHICAL STANDARDS
- shall refer to established and generally accepted
moral values and ethical acts
1) MORALITY
- police officers must adhere to high standard of
morality and decency and shall set good example
for others
2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
- police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate
use of authority and discretion in the performance
of their duty
3) INTEGRITY
- police officers shall not allow themselves to be
victims of corruption and dishonest practices
4) JUSTICE
- police officers shall strive constantly to respect the
rights of others
5) HUMILITY
- police officers shall recognize the fact that they are
public servants and not the masters of the people
- they should perform their duties without arrogance
- they should recognize their own inadequacies,
inabilities and limitations as individuals
- they should perform their duties without attracting
attention or expecting the applause of others
6) ORDERLINESS
- police officers shall follow logical procedures in
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize
wasted time and resources
7) PERSEVERANCE
- police officers must exert all efforts to achieve
their goal or mission even in the face of
difficulties and obstacles
CORRUPT POLICE UNIT
The five categories of officers who could possibly exist
in a corrupt police officer or unit.
1. White Knights- These policemen are
straightforward fellow.
2. Straight Shooters- These are honest policemen
who are ready to hide the corrupt practices of their
comrades as part of camaraderie.
3. Grass Eaters or Vegetarian Cops –are police
officers who engage in relatively minor type of
corruption opportunities as they present themselves.
4. Meat Eaters or Carnivorous Cops- are police
officers who actively seek out corruption opportunities
and engaged in both minor and major patterns of
corruption.
5. Rogues – are policemen who are considered
having all the deviant behaviors of a corrupt
policemen.
PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
CUSTOMS
- established usage or social practices carried on by
tradition that have obtained the force of law
PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
- a manifestation or expression of consideration and
respect for others
SALUTE
- the usual greeting rendered by uniformed
personnel upon meeting and recognizing persons
entitled to it
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD
- police officers must stand at attention and salute
the national color and standard as it passes by
them or when the national color is raised or lowered
during ceremonies
ADDRESS/TITLE
- junior in rank must address senior members who
are entitled to a salute with the “Sir” or “Ma’am”
COURTESY CALLS
1) COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY-
ASSIGNED/APPOINTED MEMBER
- PNP members who are newly-assigned or
appointed to a unit or command must call on the
chief of the unit or command and to other key
personnel for accounting, orientation and other
purposes
2) CHRISTMAS CALL
- PNP members pay a Christmas call on their local
executives in their respective area of responsibility
3) NEW YEAR’S CALL
- PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their
commanders and/or key officials in their respective
area of responsibility
4) PROMOTION CALL
- newly-promoted PNP members call on their unit
head
5) EXIT CALL
- PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in
the unit or command when relieved or reassigned
out of said unit or command
COURTESY OF THE POST
 - the host unit extends hospitality to visiting
personnel who pay respect to the command or unit
“RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE”
- PNP members must acknowledge that different
ranks carry with them corresponding privileges
CEREMONY
- a formal act or set of formal acts established by
customs or authority as proper to special occasion
PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES
FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY
- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and
singing the National Anthem before the start of the
official day’s work
FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY
- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the
end of the official day’s work
HALF-MAST
- the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to
deceased uniformed members of the command
FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS
- departed uniformed members, retirees, war
veterans or former PNP members are given vigil,
necrological services and graveside honors
CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES
- in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable
service to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be
tendered in their honor
HONOR CEREMONIES
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are
rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers
with the rank of Chief Superintendent and above
and AFP officers of equivalent grade
TURN-OVER CEREMONY
- the relinquishment and assumption of command or
key position is publicly announced by the outgoing
and incoming officers
WEDDING CEREMONY
- during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony
is conducted with participants in uniform and
swords drawn
ANNIVERSARY
- the birth or institutional establishment of a
command or unit is commemorated in an
anniversary ceremony
SOCIAL DECORUM
- a set of norms and standards practiced by
members during social and other functions
PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM
Police Customs on Social Decorum
- The following are police customs on social decorum:
1. Proper Attire - PNP members always wear
appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the
occasion.
2. Table Manners - PNP members observe table
etiquette at all times.
3. Social Graces - PNP members conduct themselves
properly in dealing with people during social
functions.
4. Uniform/Appearance - The public looks upon a
PNP member as distinctively a man among men. It
is a welcome sight when PNP members wear their
uniform properly wherever they may be.
OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
1) Visiting the Sick
- immediate commanders or other available
officers of the unit visit PNP members who are
sick in the hospital, their residence or any place
of confinement in order that their needs are
attended to
2) Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased
Members
- a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
members die, to render maximum assistance to
their bereaved family until all benefits due
shall have been received
3) Visiting Religious Leaders
- PNP officer visit religious leaders in their areas
of assignment to establish or maintain rapport
and cooperation between the different religious
leaders and the PNP
4) Athletics
- PNP members indulge in physical fitness
activities to ensure that their proper physical
appearance and bearing are maintained with the
waist line measurement always smaller than the
size of his chest and in conformity with the
standard set forth by the organization
5) Happy Hours
- usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for
the occasion, PNP members gather together at
their PNP Club for a light-hearted jesting or
airing of minor gripes
TRADITION
- bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages
handed down from generation to generation with
the effect of an unwritten law
POLICE TRADITIONS
1) SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
- PNP members are traditionally religious and
God-loving persons; they attend religious
services together with the members of their
family
2) VALOR
- police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for the
people they have pledged to serve
3) PATRIOTISM
- police officers manifest their love of country with a
pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend
the Constitution
4) DISCIPLINE
- police officers manifest discipline by instinctive
obedience to lawful orders and through
spontaneous actions towards attainment of
organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical
and legal norms
5) GENTLEMANLINESS
- police officers are upright in character, polite in
manners, dignified in appearance and sincere in
their concern for their fellowmen
6) WORD OF HONOR
- police officers stand by, and commit to uphold, their
word
7) DUTY
 - police officers are dedicated public servants who
perform their tasks with a deep sense of
responsibility and self-sacrifice
8) LOYALTY
- police officers are traditionally loyal to the
organization, country and fellowmen
9) CAMARADERIE
- the binding spirit that enhances teamwork and
cooperation in the police organization
POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE
1) I will love and serve God, my country and
people;
2) I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal
orders of the duly-constituted authorities
3) I will oblige myself to maintain a high
standard of morality and professionalism
4) I will respect the customs and traditions of
the police service; and
5) I will live a decent and virtuous life and to
serve as an example to others.
PART THREE
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)
BACKGROUND ON POLICE-COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
Section 2 of Republic Act No 6975 reads:
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby
declared to be the policy of the State to promote peace
and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen
local government capability aimed towards the effective
delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the
establishment of a highly efficient and competent police
force that is national in scope and civilian in character.
Towards this end, the State shall bolster a system of
coordination and cooperation among the citizenry,
local executives and the integrated law enforcement
and public safety agencies created under this Act.
Said provision was later amended by RA 8551, which
reads:
Section 2. Declaration of Policy and Principles. — It is
hereby declared the policy of the State to establish a
highly efficient and competent police force which is
national in scope and civilian in character administered
and controlled by a national police commission.
The Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be a
community and service oriented agency responsible
for the maintenance of peace and order and public
safety.
PNP VISION
The Men and Women of the PNP is committed
to a vision of a professional, dynamic and highly
motivated Philippine National Police working in
partnership with a responsive community towards
the attainment of a safe place to live, work, invest and do
business with.
PNP MISSION
To enforce the law, to prevent and control
crimes, to maintain peace and order, and to ensure
public safety and internal security with the active
support of the community
IMPORTANT TERMS
POLICE
- a group of persons established, maintained and
organized for keeping order, safety, protection of
lives and property and for prevention and detection
of crimes
COMMUNITY
- refers to the civilian populace or the public in
general, and shall be used interchangeably with
the terms, public, citizenry, society and private
sector
- a body of people organized into political,
municipal or social unity or a body of persons
living in the same locality
- derived from the Latin words, communis, which
means common, and tatis which means
fellowship
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
- the sum total of the dealings between the police and
the people it serves, and whose goodwill and
cooperation it craves, for the greatest possible efficiency
in the service
- refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the
community
PUBLIC RELATIONS
- the act of bringing about better understanding,
confidence and acceptance for an individual or an
organization
POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS
- the continuing process by which endeavors are
made to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the
public for effective enforcement of the law and
accomplishment of the police purposes
HUMAN RELATIONS
- consist of the fundamental rules both moral and
legal, which govern the relationship of men in all aspects
of life
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
- the channels through which information is
disseminated to the public
- may be in the form of television, movies, radio or
newspaper, and the like
PROPAGANDA
- the planned use of mass communication for
public purpose
POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE
- refers to how the people in the community
perceive or regard the police
PRINCIPLES OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL
1) The basic mission for which police exist is to
prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to
the repression of crime and disorder by military
force and severity of legal punishment.
2) The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police
existence, actions, and behavior and the ability
of the police to secure and maintain public
respect.
3) The police must secure the willing cooperation
of the public in voluntary observance of the law
to be able to secure and maintain public respect.
4) The degree of the cooperation of the public that
can be secured diminishes proportionately the
 necessity for the use of physical force and the
compulsion in achieving police objectives.
5) The police seek and preserve public favor, not
by catering to public opinion, but by constantly
demonstrating absolutely impartial service to the
law, in complete independence of policy, and
without regard to the justice or injustice of the
substance of individual laws; by ready offering of
individual service and friendship to all members
of society without regard to their race or social
standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and
friendly good humor, and by ready offering of
individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving
life.
6) The police should use physical force to the
extent necessary to secure observance of the
law or to restore order only when the exercise of
persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient to achieve police objectives; and
police should use only the minimum degree of
physical force that is necessary on any particular
occasion for achieving police objectives.
7) The police at all times should maintain a
relationship with the public that gives reality to
the historic tradition that the police are the public
and the public are the police; the police are only
members of the public who are paid to give full-
time attention to duties that are incumbent on
every citizen in the intent of community welfare.
8) The police should always direct their actions
toward their functions and never appear to usurp
the powers of the judiciary by avenging
individuals or the state, or authoritatively judging
guilt or punishing the guilty.
9) The test of police efficiency is the absence of
crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of
police action in dealing with them.
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS
The foundation of community relations is
EFFICIENT SERVICE.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
1) Sincerity in serving the public
2) Full knowledge of the job
3) Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a
necessary service to promote individual or
national welfare
4) Sound police ethics
5) High standard of management and operation
THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
1) COMMUNITY SERVICE
- activities that provide service to the
community
may be in the form of medical-dental
mission, sports clinic, feeding programs,
seminars, etc
2) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- involvement of the community in the
various social projects, particularly, in the area
of crime prevention
- awareness of the community of their
role in crime prevention
3) PUBLIC RELATIONS
- activities directed at creating and
maintaining favorable impressions to the public
- projection of the police public image to
the people to gain their support and cooperation
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) To maintain and develop the goodwill and
confidence of the community for the police;
2) To obtain cooperation and assistance;
3) To develop public understanding and support and
appreciation for the service of the police;
4) To create broader understanding and sympathy with
the problems and needs of the police;
5) To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6) To build public opinion in favor of the police;
7) To achieve the police purpose of preserving the
peace, protection of life and property, and the
prevention of crime.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Community support must be maintained.
2) Community resentment must be avoided.
3) Community goodwill must be developed.
4) Community must be kept informed.
THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL AND
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
Categories of Individual Public Relations
1. Domestic Relations- Police Officer’s dealing with
his family, parents and immediate relatives.
2. Neighborhood Relations- Police Officer’s dealing
with his neighbors.
3. Community Relations- Police Officers’ dealing with
citizens of the community, city or town where he
lives, and his membership or contribution to the civic
organization or community associations in the
locality.
4. Church Relations- Police Officer’s dealings with
the religious congregation or faith where he belongs.
5. Government Relations- Police Officer’s dealings
with the government and its instrumentalities.
Categories of Professional Public Relations
1. Intra-Departmental Relations – Police Officers
relations with men and women in his own
department, superiors, the station commanders as
well as the city or municipality mayors where he is
assigned.
2. Inter-Departmental Relations – Police Officers
relations with other police agencies.
3. Citizens’ Relations – includes all dealings or
contacts with the citizens in relation to the
enforcement of the law and maintenance of peace
and order, together with the giving of information to
the public of criminal and non-criminal activities.
4. Complainants’ Relation – includes a police officer’s
dealings with complaints, the techniques of
interviews, manner of approach, and treatment of
witnesses, as well as informers or assets.
5. Relation with Accused Persons – consists of
proper treatment of suspects, the recognition of their
constitutional rights during custodial investigation
and the handling of accused persons during
confinement.
6. Relations with the State Prosecutors or Fiscals –
includes a peace officer’s duty to cooperate during
preliminary investigations and gatherings of further
evidence when so recovered by the fiscal.
7. Judicial Relations – consists of peace officer’s
duties towards the courts when appearing as
witnesses and the honesty in testimony.
8. Governmental Relations – includes his dealings
with other non police agencies of the government
both national and local; in connection with official
duties such as request for verification, coordination,
or whatever help are needed.
 loitering in the street or engaging uneconomic
activities, such as illegal gambling and others
FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-
COMMUNITY RELATIONS MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

1) Externally-Oriented Approach 1) increased police visibility through the dispersal of

- directed towards the general public or various
enclaves within the society
2) Youth-Oriented Approach
- directed the majority of police efforts towards
the youth of the community
3) Service-Oriented Approach
- - emphasis is given to the alleviation of social
problems as the basic objective of the program
4) Internally-Oriented Approach
- - essential characteristics is the realization that the
officer on beat creates community relations because
“Every officer of the organization is a police-
community relations officer
personnel from the headquarters to the field offices;
2) efficient and optimized delivery of police services to
the communities;
3) constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay
officials in their respective territorial jurisdictions;
4) Community service-oriented policing by conducting
seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and the
barangay tanod; and
5) Coordination with the media for image-enhancing
projects.

TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1) Public Information Program

-designed to bridge the communication gap between
the police and the public

Forms of Media Used:

a) Personal Media
- consists of face-to-face communication, such
as meetings, rallies, delivering speeches and
house-to-house visitation

b) Mass Media
- includes printed matter and audio-visual
communications
2) Public Relations Program
- designed to maintain harmony and
mutual support between the police and the community
- designed to “sell” the police to the public
3) Civic Action Program
- designed to maintain and encourage community
development
4) Psychological Program
- designed to condition both friendly and
hostile public, ensuring the facilitation of the attainment
of police objectives

DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER

1) He shall issue press releases from time to time

regarding police activities which are of public
concern;
2) He shall build good image through actual
commendable performance, without inefficiency and
corruption; and
3) He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with
respect to policies, methods and personnel of the
police station.

DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER

1) He shall encourage and actively participate in

athletic competitions to promote youth development
by wisely coordinating with the social elements of
the populace;
2) He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile
delinquents who are being rehabilitated;
3) He shall be alert to safeguard the community against
loss and damages to properties and possible death,
in the events of calamity;
4) He shall render possible assistance, especially to
the men folk in enabling them to obtain the means of
productive endeavors and discourage them from