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F171201-041
The idea is to substitute half the fuel required to run a ship by the use of rotor sails to get energy from the wind and solar panels fit for
marine environment to get energy from the sun. The use of rotor sails along with flexible solar panels onboard merchant vessels will
help curb the carbon emissions. The temperatures are generally high around 43-45 degrees in a well-ventilated engine room from
around 100 degrees of actual temperature. The rest of the heat generated is channeled to the surrounding through the exhausts;
instead of dumping this heat to the atmosphere we can reduce the pollution from it by channelizing it for steam formation, to aid in the
working of boilers onboard vessels. Installing energy efficient cycles onboard ships for crew to paddle and generate energy and from
the mechanical work done and further storing that energy in batteries can aid in the internal lighting systems on the ship.
Principle
The principle on which the Flettner Rotor works is that of
Magnus Effect. Magnus effect is defined as the generation of a
sidewise force on a spinning cylindrical or spherical solid Fig. 2: Pictorial representation of Magnus Effect
immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas) when there is relative motion
between the spinning body and the fluid., It is responsible for
the “curve” of a served tennis ball or a driven golf ball and
affects the trajectory of a spinning artillery shell.
Named after the German physicist and chemist H.G. Magnus, Components and working
who first in 1853 experimentally investigated the effect is that The Flettner Rotor can be used on board for two major
of a force generated by a spinning object traveling through a applications:
viscous fluid. The force is perpendicular to the velocity vector • Rotor Ships:
of the object. The direction of spin dictates the orientation of Rotor ships use mast-like cylinders for propulsion.
Fig. 5: Magnus effect applied on Flettner Rotor Fig. 6: Components of Flettner Rotor
Aerodynamic data
The only dynamically controlled variable of the FR is the
rotational speed, which consequently affects the velocity ratio,
which is defined as ratio of the cylinder surface speed relative
to the air speed as shown below:
Coefficients of lift and drag vary with the velocity ratio; The formula for drag is the same but with the corresponding
therefore, FR performance is dependent on the background data drag coefficient.
used to calculate the coefficients of lift and drag, and the
subsequent forces that are generated.
Accurate data regarding the coefficients of lift and drag was
limited to a maximum velocity ratio of 8, taken from early
experimental results based on the work of Jakob Ackeret. This
data is illustrated in Fig. 7.
It is assumed that the rotor will always rotate in the direction
that will provide beneficial thrust and at the highest beneficial
rotational speed; where that is not possible the rotors are turned
off to minimize drag and power consumption.
Net power
The power consumption of a Flettner Rotor was taken to be the
sum of the motor power required to overcome the aerodynamic
resistance and the resistance from the bearings. Aerodynamic
power is calculated by treating the endplate and cylinder as
separate entities and summing the required powers. The relevant
equation for each is given below:
Heat sensor
CONDENSER
ENERGY EFFICIENT CYCLES few hours of fuel requirement for lighting systems every day
The world needs every possible way to substitute the energy creates a compounding effect whose results show overall
from the fossil fuels with a greener form of power generation. pollution and cost reduction in the long haul. The cycles would
The use of energy efficient cycles onboard could help us work on the basic principle of conversion of mechanical work
provide enough energy to at least sustain the internal lighting of done to electricity. The basic model of which can be
the cabins of the crew members for a few hours every day. The demonstrated by the use of a belt and two pulleys connected to a
usefulness of this apparatus may not seem much but taking off generator which further is connected to an inverter and a battery.
History
Anton Flettner‟s
spinning bodies are
vertical cylinders, Figure 9: Angle of static heel
which as specified
before was to use
HISTORY
The history of photovoltaic energy (aka. solar cells) started way
back in 1876. William Grylls Adams along with a student of his,
Richard Day, discovered that when selenium was exposed to
light, it produced electricity. An electricity expert, Werner von
Siemens, stated that the discovery was “scientifically of the
most far-reaching importance”. The selenium cells were not
efficient, but it was proved that light, without heat or moving
parts, could be converted into electricity.
Thin film solar cells have been in use for over 30 years. Their
first application was in the solar powered calculator – something
most children and office workers have had at some point in their
lives. This application contained a small amount of amorphous
silicon. Now, much larger systems are in use, and their
applications include things such as building integrated systems,
solar farms, and next generation vehicles. This technology was
created and launched so that it could overtake its competitors
(primarily the crystalline silicon models), but its shares have
been in decline for years.
This is primarily due to the massive drop in price for the
crystalline silicon solar panels, and thin film panels have
declined in price. This caused the discouragement for the
installation and use of flexible solar panels, but it does hold a
host of advantages (aside from the price) that should be brought
into consideration.