TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

TULJAPUR CAMPUS

Environment Climate Change and Development

Group Assignment- JAL SHAKTI

Submitted by: Abhishek Sharma (001), Dilan Thomas (008), Malhar Narvekar
(014), Prakash Paul (020), Varsha Adagale (026) & Ipsita Sahoo (032)
MA DPPP 2ND YEAR (3RD SEMESTER)
Submitted to: Dr. Shridhar Samanth
Submitted on- 20/08/2019
Contents
Organizational history of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and
Ganga Rejuvenation ........................................................................................................... 3
Why Jal Shakti was brought into action in 2019 ................................................................ 5
Different sectors under the Ministry of Jal Shakti .............................................................. 6
Functions and powers of Ministry of Jal Shakti ................................................................. 7
Jal Shakti Abhiyan .............................................................................................................. 8
Jal Jeevan Mission .............................................................................................................. 8
Budget Allocation ............................................................................................................... 9
Consequences of the new initiative .................................................................................... 9
Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 10
Future of Jal Shakti Ministry ............................................................................................ 10
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 11
References ........................................................................................................................ 13

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 JAL SHAKTI
“No Water, No Life
No Blue, No Green”
Water is a natural resource, a basic necessity to living things including humans and wildlife,
food production, food security, sustainable development and alleviate the poverty of the
country. Water is most essential for livelihoods, agriculture, energy production, industrial
development and for several other potential consumptions. India, home to 16 percent of the
world’s population, has only 2.5 percent of the worlds land area and 4 percent of the world’s
water resources at its disposal.

Organizational history of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and

Ganga Rejuvenation
Going back to 1858, the history of the subject ‘Irrigation and Power’ was put under the newly
formed Public Works Department. Until famine which arose in 1858, irrigation work was not
given due importance. After the famine construction of canals was taken up in a rapid scale.
Then in the year 1863, due to the growing importance of irrigation facilities in India, this
subject got placed under an expert of irrigation designated as Inspector General of Irrigation.
Government of India act 1919 brought irrigation system under common subject and
India govt.'s duty was limited to counsel, co-appointment and settlement of arguments about
appropriate on the water of Inter-provincial rivers. In 1923, In-charge committee endorsement
got in merging of Public works dept. and Dept. of Industry and thus, the combined dept. came
to be known as ‘Department of Industry and Labour’ that took into consideration the subject
of ‘Irrigation and Power’. A Central irrigation Board was also established in 1927. In 1937, the
Industry and Labour Department was divided into two dept. for example branch of
communication and Department of Labour. Work related to irrigation and power was given to
the dept. of labour. Subsequently irrigation and power was placed in the newly created dept. of
Works, Mines and Power with the secretariat reorganisation committee’s recommendation.
After Independence, in 1951, National Resources and Scientific Research ministry was
established. Along these lines, ‘Irrigation and Power’ shifted from Works, Mines and Power
ministry to National Resources and Scientific Research ministry. In the year 1952, a distinct
Irrigation and Power ministry was established to assess irrigation. Then Flood Control board
constituted programme was set up to control and keep a check on the unprecedented floods. So
as to bargain the matter of future water system advancement program in a far reaching way, an
Irrigation commission was set up in the year 1969. To guarantee integrated and synchronised
program for the quick execution of Irrigation and Command Area Development Projects, just
as for giving different contributions to augmenting rural produce, a distinct Branch of Irrigation
was established in November, 1974 underneath the reconstructed Agriculture and Irrigation
Ministry, which resulted in split of earlier Irrigation and Power department.
In January 1980, another Energy and Irrigation ministry arose which held the
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Department of Irrigation under it. At that point later in 1980, the then Energy and Irrigation
ministry got separated. This gave an escalation to dept. of irrigation to form a Ministry level
with a view to have a coordinated and comprehensive view of the whole irrigation sector.
Further in 1980, irrigation for agricultural purpose, minor and emergency irrigation and ground
water exploration got transferred from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Irrigation.
Again in January 1985, the Ministry of Irrigation once again joined under the Ministry
of Irrigation and Power. During the procedure of re-organization of the Ministries of the
Central Government in September 1985, the then Ministry of Irrigation and Power was split.
Hence the Dept. of Irrigation was re-constituted and got a new name as the Ministry of Water
Resources.
This acknowledgment of the need of planning for the development of the India's water
resources in an organized way brought about an adjustment in the character of the Ministry and
the Ministry had to take up a nodal role with respect to all issues, concerning the India's water
resources. In order to fulfil the criteria of country’s development with regard to water resources,
a need was felt to frame a National Water Policy which would prioritise the various uses of
water. National Water Resources Council was constituted and it adopted the National Water
Policy in September 1987. Further, in September 1990, National Water Board was constituted
to evaluate the progress of implementation of the provisions of the National Water Policy and
also to initiate effective procedures for systematic development of India’s water resources.
In 2002, the National Water Policy was revised and resolution was passed, which was
then adopted by the National Water Resources Council. Subsequently, the National Water
Board was the further revised in 2012 as Draft National Water Policy 2012. Then finally the
National Water Policy-2012 was released during the India’s water week in April, 2013.
For extensive improvement of water bodies, two plans - Repair, Renovation and
Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies, one with outer help and the other with local help for
execution during XI Plan Period was affirmed by the Government. The plan of RRR of water
bodies incorporate the catchment region treatment, direction region advancement, limit
working of partners and expanded accessibility of drinking water.
In June 2008, the Government of India propelled National Action Plan on Climate
Change (NAPCC), which envisioned the way to deal with be embraced to address the
difficulties of effect of environmental change through eight National Missions including
National Water Mission (NWM). Ministry of Water Resources has set up National Water
Mission with the main objective of “conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring
its more equitable distribution both across and within States through integrated water resources
development and management”.
The Ministry of Water Resources was renamed as “Ministry of Water Resources, River
Development & Ganga Rejuvenation” in July 2014. The couple of extra things of work was
doled out to the Ministry. They were:-
a. National Ganga River Basin Authority including the Mission Directorate, National
Mission for Clean Ganga and other related matters of Ganga Rejuvenation.
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b. Conservation, development, management and abatement of pollution in river Ganga

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and its tributaries.

Finally in 2019, the legislature of India propelled another brought together 'Jal Shakti' Ministry
which has been framed by combining the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development
and Ganga Rejuvenation and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Various issues related
to water such as urban drinking water, rural drinking water, Ganga, other rivers, irrigation,
dams, water resources were being dealt by multiple ministries earlier will now be dealt together
under Jal Shakti.

Why Jal Shakti was brought into action in 2019

Jal Shakti Ministry was brought into action to ensure 5 important water conservation
interventions like water conservation and rainwater harvesting, bore well recharge, watershed
development, renovation of traditional and other water bodies and intensive afforestation. For
this task, various ministries of government of India and state government have come together.
Officers from central government have been asked to work with district administration in
around 1500 water deficit blocks in districts. These water conservation techniques will also
promote efficient water use for irrigation and selection of better crops through the Krishi
Vigyan Kendras.
Jal Shakti was formed by merging ministry of water resources, river development and
Ganga Rejuvenation and Ministry of Drinking water and sanitation in May 2019. Jal Shakti
was integrated as one body in order to reduce conflict of jurisdiction over matters and to provide
greater autonomy to one single body. The newly formed ministry was brought into action in
order to tackle issues like international/inter-state water disputes, cleaning Ganga (tributaries
and sub tributaries) and providing drinking water to everyone.
One of the foremost reasons Jal Shakti was brought into action was to provide clean
drinking tap water to all households by 2024 under the Jal Jivan Mission. In his recent
Independence Day speech, Prime Minister Narendra Modi set a budget of 3.5 trillion rupees
and promised that over 140 million rural households will be reached in the next 5 years.
Similarly Jal Shakti Abhiyan was launched where emphasis was on water conservation and
water security. The ministry actively supports initiatives such as rain water harvesting,
maintenance of village ponds and village tanks along with asking people to share their ideas,
traditional knowledge, and success stories for better water conservation. A communication
campaign is also part of the planning for Jal Shakti Ministry where there would be mass
mobilization of different groups that includes college and school students, Self Help Groups,
ex-servicemen, swacchagrahis, defense personnel, pensioners and youth groups like NCC,
NSS, NYKS, etc.
As water scarcity had increased over a period of time and it is predicted to be a major
challenge for the country so the Jal Shakti Ministry was brought into action to address this
concern in a holistic way. Jal Shakti Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat mentioned that in
India 65% of the population depend on underground water. However, the water availability per
person in 2019 has come down to 1400 cubic meters from 5100 cubic meters in 1950. Jal Shakti
Mission has a trifold objective which includes providing widespread access to drinking water,
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upholding sustainable practices including point recharge mechanism or groundwater

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recharging and treating waste water to ensure water is preserved.

Different sectors under the Ministry of Jal Shakti
The central Government constituted the Ministry of Jal Shakti by integrating the Ministry of
Water Resources Rural Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and the Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation. The main functions and the sectors of the Ministry can conclude into
two, the wings and organizations of ministry of the Jal Shakti.
1. Wings
Administration Wing: All matters regarding the administration and the general administration
comes under the Administration wing. All the administrative and the establishment matters
including the constitution of the Central Water Commission, different boards and the
infrastructure development is the responsibility of the Administration wing.
Brahmaputra and Barak Wing: This wing have two division, Brahmaputra board division
which looks into the technical and financial matters, matters related to the approval of the
projects and master plans that comes under the Brahmaputra river system. The second division
is North East division which has the responsibility of the inter-national matters in the field of
the water resources with China and Bhutan. It also interferes in the matters related to hydro-
power development in the NE region and general matters including ADB assisted projects.
Flood Management Wing: Mainly deals with the implementation of the state sector scheme
Flood Management Programme and the central scheme of River Management Activities and
works related with the border areas. It also focuses in to the monitoring of the flood situation
in the country and the constitution of the Expert committees/ task forces/ working groups on
flood management. The National Disaster Management Authority and matters related with the
India- Bangladesh and India- Nepal comes under this wing.
State Projects Wing: Works related with the PMKSY- accelerated irrigation benefit
programme for the major and medium irrigation/ multi-purpose for NE and other states and
matters related to the national projects in the states comes under this wing. The works related
to the parliamentary standing committee on water resources and the work related to the scheme
Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of water bodies are also the responsibility of the
State Projects Wing.
Minor Irrigation Statistics Wing: Main focus is the implementation of the centrally
sponsored plan scheme Rationalization of the Minor Irrigation Statistics (RIMS) with central
funding. Conduct census of the minor irrigation schemes and supply information pertaining to
minor irrigation to various ministries, NITI Aayog, Central Water Commission and Central
Ground Water Board.
Peninsular River Wing: Deals with different issues with the water bodies. Some of them are
Babhali Barage issue, Mullaperiyar Dam issue, Krishna river Water dispute.
National Water Mission: The government of India established National Water Mission as one
of the 8 national missions under the National Action Plan on climate change. Conservation of
the water, minimizing the wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and
within the state through integrated, water resources development and management is the main
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objective of the mission.

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Indus Wing: Matters related to the eastern Rivers of the Indus System and the Indus water
treaty of 1960.
Economic and Finance Wing: the economic wing deals with the planning, formulation of the
5 year plans and monitoring of the progress of the various schemes. Economic evaluation of
the central as well as the state schemes economic appraisal of all projects will consider by the
economic wing. The finance wing will deal with the financial matters including the central
coordination, scrutiny of all plan scheme and the budget sections.
2. Organizations
The main organization under the ministry of Jal Shakthi can be considered as River Boards,
Institutions and Tribunals.
River Boards: the river boards manage the regulation and the development of the interstate
rivers and the river valleys. In 1956 the river board act is enacted and designed to advice the
government on various development opportunities, coordination activities and resolve disputes
related to rivers. It is the responsibility of the river boards to provide proper suggestions on
various issues related to the rivers.
Institutions: Various institutions like National Water Development agency, Central water and
power Research, national institute of Hydrology are comes under the institutions. They are
conducting the necessary researches and studies regarding the areas related to water.
Tribunals: The tribunals are mainly constituted for the resolving the issues related with the
interstate water disputes when the concerned states are failed reach a consensus. It helps the
Central Governments to reach at a solution for the water disputes. The interstate water Dispute
Tribunals and Cauvery Water Management Authority are examples.

Functions and powers of Ministry of Jal Shakti

To solve the water situation, more than anything we need an integrated approach which will be
dealt holistically.
The five pillars of the ministry are: rainwater harvesting; rightful use of water in
agriculture; industry; optimum utilisation of water at individual levels and restoration of
traditional water tanks or bodies; groundwater recharge, treatment of sewage; recycling & reuse
of water and afforestation with great intensity. The ministry believes that if worked on these
things the water situation may be changed.
The Jal Shakti Ministry also vests some powers with it or has certain set functions, which are
as follows:
 The department will also look after providing irritation facilities to the farmers. The
ministry is of the opinion that use of water wisely in agriculture is a cure for saving
almost 75% of water. Here, the efforts taken by various states can be seen for instance
Maharashtra has a policy of compulsory ‘Precision Drip Irrigation’ facility in the
cultivation of Sugarcane and similar instance in Haryana where the farmers turned from
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Paddy to Maize cultivators.

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  One of the key function of the ministry is to tackle the interstate and international water
disputes.
 With the merger of the prior Ganga Rejuvenation, one of the flagship initiative of the
ministry is also to clean the river Ganges and its tributaries.
 The ministry aims at digitalising water records and hence is working on ‘Aquifer’
mapping in the drought districts.
The ministry is formed after the merger of various other ministries. It is strongly believed that
if a success for water situation takes place it is by a ‘Jan Andolan’ and not by what the
government has done.

Jal Shakti Abhiyan

Jal Shakti Abhiyan is launched by union Jal Shakti minister. This campaign aims for water
conservation and water security in 1592 stressed blocks in 256 districts. It also aims to promote
irrigation efficiency a mass movement. It is a collaborative effort of various Union Ministries
and State Governments, being coordinated by Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
(DDWS). The campaign is focussed on 5 aspects:
1. Water conservation and rainwater harvesting
2. Renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks
3. Reuse of water and recharging of structures such as bore well
4. Watershed management
5. Intensive afforestation
Water conservation efforts will also be supplemented with special interventions such as
development of block and district water conservation plans, promotion of efficient water use
for irrigation and better choice of crops through Krishi Vigyan Kendras.
The main significance of this campaign is that, this initiative aims to provide drinking
water to every household on priority and in a sustainable manner. This will also bring positive
change in people for conservation of water. Campaign will help people to work for rain water
harvesting, maintenance and upkeep of ponds and village tanks and conservation of water.
In urban areas, plans with time-bound targets will be developed for wastewater reuse
for industrial and agricultural purposes. Jal Shakti Abhiyan will increase ground water level,
surface water storage capacity, soil moisture in farm lands and increased plant coverage.

Jal Jeevan Mission

Jal Jeevan Mission will be launched by the government of India which would provide piped
water supply to all house (rural and urban) by 2024. This with the help of people’s participation
can help to conserve water resources. In order to fulfil the aim, they target to create local
infrastructure for rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household
waste water for reuse in agriculture. Govt. has planned to spend more than 3.5 Lakh crore
towards fulfilment of the mission. This mission will work under the purview of Drinking water
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and sanitation dept. This program came up due to dire need of water conservation in India
because the ground water level is decreasing at a faster rate.

Budget Allocation
In Budget allocation of 2019 for the water ministry, there is cut down of budget allocation from
the centre towards water departments.
DEPARTMENT BUDGET ALLOCATION 2018- BUDGET ALLOCATION 2019
19 (in crores) (in crores)

Department of Water Resources, River 8,860 8,245

Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
Department of Drinking Water and 22,356.60 20,016.34
Sanitation

Other programmes such as Namami Gange programme, the central ground water board, central
water commission and the dam rehabilitation and improvement programme also are facing a
reduced allocation of budget. But centre has increased allocation budget into the National Rural
drinking water mission. Also there is an emphasis by the centre to complete 10 lakhs projects
with linkage to conservation of water through the rural employment scheme in the first 100
days of govt.

Consequences of the new initiative

Pros
1. Integration of all projects related to water under one umbrella ministry is a good move.
There were several other Central ministries that deal with water in a piecemeal manner. For
instance, the Ministry of Forest and Environment is entrusted with conservation of most
rivers in the country. Similarly, urban water supply is looked after by the Ministry of
Housing and Urban Affairs and micro-irrigation projects come under the Ministry of
Agriculture. Bringing all these together may take time some time. But doing this makes a
lot of sense as water woes are a reality.
2. This integration is a welcome move since all water projects are complementary to each
other and one ministry will ensure integrated data management system. This will allow one
platform to provide high quantity of water related data while maintaining the quality as
well.
3. Jal Jeevan Mission would provide the houses with clean drinking water, it will recharge
and increase ground water level, people will suffer less from water borne diseases and there
will be less wastage of water.
Cons
1. When water is a part of two or more separate ministries, there is no integration and we will
not know where the gap lies.
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2. According to an ecologist Ajay S. Rawat, the umbrella ministry sounds good, but there has
always been an ignorance related to saving a river basin which needs terrain specific
planning.
3. According to Prof. Prakash C Tiwari, all the ministries has always been focusing on
distribution of rather than to conserve water resources.
4. Government schemes in relation to improve the rivers face management issues, mainly due
to lack of departmental coordination and cooperation.

Challenges
→ Climate change exacerbates the problem — there is incessant rainfall in some part and
drought in other parts.
→ NITI Aayog report has alerted that India is suffering from "the worst water crisis in its
history", placing millions of lives and livelihoods under threat.
→ The immediate challenge for the ministry, as the NITI Aayog report points out, is that
21 cities, including New Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad, will run out of
groundwater by 2020, which will in result affect an estimated of 100 million people. It
also cautioned that groundwater resources, which constitute 40 per cent of India's water
supply, are getting depleted at unsustainable rates.
→ The report also shows that 75 per cent of the country's households don't have access
to drinking water on ground reality, and 84 per cent rural households don't get piped
water and also 70 percent of our water is contaminated. The above mentioned issues
pose a serious question, so as to how will govt. ensure piped water supply to all
households when there is no water in the first place?
→ About 53 per cent of agriculture in the country is rain-fed. India's rain-dependent
farmers face repeated droughts. Also due to scarcity of ground water they suffer from
water dearth leading to loss in agriculture. Growing water demand for irrigation would
need to be addressed.

Future of Jal Shakti Ministry

India’s biggest challenge, Water. India is a home to 14% of the world’s population and 18% of
the world’s livestock. India is also a home of 4% of the world’s fresh water. The rest is the
contaminated water, be it surface water or ground water (The Economic Times, 2019). The
challenge has increased manifold due to droughts and incessant rainfall pattern in some parts
of India. This is the first initiative wherein various domains like urban and rural water drinking,
Ganga and other rivers issue, irrigation, dams and other water resources have been included in
the Jal Shakti Ministry. The involvement of people to put up suggestions regarding
conservation of water resources has been initiated by the ministry which provides a platform
for ground level involvement and participation on water related issues. This will generate
awareness regarding the conversation of water in every citizen’s mind. Also, this can urge them
10

to give a thought on conservation of water at micro level. Various decision and steps have been
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taken to put forward the biggest challenge i.e. water conservation. It also signifies the future
steps and plans of the Jal Shakti Ministry on water conservation, headed by Gajendra Singh
Shekhawat.
 A letter by our PM to all villages Sarpanch asking various measures to conserve water.
This initiative can increase the awareness among individuals on water conservation.
 Emphasis on people’s participations has been given quite a priority in the water
conservation.
 Launching Jal Shakti Abhiyan which will focus on water conservation and rainwater
harvesting, renovation of traditional and other water bodies, reuse of water and
recharging of structures, watershed development, and intensive afforestation. Teams
have been constituted in 256 districts and engineers and technical staff have been placed
in blocks to take a stock of the groundwater level, state of aquifers and ponds as well
as water bodies that have been encroached in past years.(India Today, 2019)
 The work on aquifer mapping has been given to Central Ground Water Board. By the
end of March 2020, a 3D diagram and plan would be developed for aquifer recharge
for all watershed districts. (The Economic Times, 2019). This could somehow increase
the ground water level at various districts.
 There is a paradigm shift on the cleaning of River Ganga. All the tributaries have been
included in this cleaning process. Ganga to Yamuna, Yamuna to Chambal, and further
to Berach, Gambir, Banas and so on. The idea is to treat the entire basin.
(The Economic Times, 2019). This process of cleaning will further solve problems in
the arid regions.
 We receive around 4,000 BCM (billion cubic metres) water and we are able to use only
1,000 BCM (billion cubic metres). If we could save up to 2,000 BCM (billion cubic
metres) we will be a water surplus nation. In achieve that the ministry has emphasised
on ancient rain water conversation techniques. The idea is to increase the awareness
level and make it a movement of a common man.
 A productive work on water resource management can be done if the MGNREGS
(Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) can be collaborated
with the Jal Shakti Abhiyan.

Also, it is open for larger companies to take part in the water resource management and
conservation as their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities). This can also generate a lot of
awareness among individuals. The idea is to create mass awareness about the water resource
management and conservation.
This is the first initiative that can bring various ideas from people on conservation of water
bodies. The government has also taken a great step towards the water conservation and
measures to reduce the environmental imbalance happening in the country.

Conclusion
Water is most essential for livelihoods, agriculture, energy production, industrial development
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and for several other requirements. So, Jal Shakti is formed by merging ministry of water
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resources, river development and Ganga Rejuvenation and Ministry of Drinking water and
sanitation. The newly formed ministry holds different mandates in order to tackle issues like
international/inter-state water disputes, cleaning Ganga (tributaries and sub tributaries) and
providing drinking water to everyone. There are many issues such as drought, unavailability of
clean drinking water, scarce underground water, polluted rivers, contaminated water sources
which is leading deaths of thousands of people in different parts of the country. There are many
challenges in front of the current govt. in order to implement its water related projects and
missions due persistent water crisis. There can be many ways to conserve water resources and
water can be used judiciously because water is being used faster than it can replenish due to
population explosion. This initiative of bringing all water related segments under one ministry
will really be helpful for integrated management. As the ministry of Jal Shakti is just initiated
by the present govt. it will take time to bring in significant changes conferring to its mandates.

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References
http://mowr.gov.in/
http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in
http://nwm.gov.in/?q=history
https://indiawater.gov.in/jsa/JSA/Home.aspx
http://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=191183
http://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=191069
https://www.indiawaterportal.org/topics/conservation-reducing-water-usage
http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/sites/default/files/JAL-CHARCHA-April-2019.pdf
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/water/can-ministry-of-jal-shakti-save-indian-rivers--
65197
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/govt-forms-jal-shakti-ministry-by-
merging-water-resources-and-drinking-water-ministries/article27378402.ece
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-forms-jal-shakti-
ministry-by-merging-water-resources-and-drinking-water-
ministries/articleshow/69596516.cms?from=mdr
https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/06/01/jal-shakti-ministry-modi-integrated-
approach-address-water-woes.html
https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/we-are-overdrawing-water-
depleting-aquifers-jal-shakti-minister-119081500761_1.html
https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/union-budget-2019/union-budget-2019-scoop-
jal-shakti-ministry-to-be-empowered-with-massive-rs-10000-crore-allocation
https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-jal-shakti-ministry-introduced-in-portfolio-
allocation/story-RABEmUUEV8UJMdhevBabeL.html
http://www.businessworld.in/article/Everybody-Has-To-Come-On-Board-Gajendra-Singh-
Shekhawat-Jal-Shakti-Minister-Government-of-India/09-08-2019-174593/
https://scroll.in/latest/929106/centre-launches-water-conservation-campaign-jal-shakti-
abhiyan-to-focus-on-256-districts
https://rstv.nic.in/jal-shakti-abhiyan-govt-launches-water-conservation-campaign.html
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/jal-shakti-ministry-funds-trimmed/797928.html
http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jun/13/jal-shakti-minister-faces-brickbats-in-
home-state-for-playing-down-water-crisis-1989649.html
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/drinking-water-piped-water-jal-shakti-
ministry-gajendra-singh-shekhawat-5785374/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/inter-state-council-
reconstituted-with-prime-minister-as-chairman/articleshow/70680747.cms
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/water/government-launches-new-jal-shakti-ministry-
64869
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https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jal-shakti-ministry-to-
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oppose-environment-ministrys-ground-water-suggestions/articleshow/70594773.cms
8/19/2019 Turnitin Originality Report

Turnitin Originality Report

Assignment by Ipsita.sahoo19@gmail.com Ipsita.sahoo19@gmail.com
From Environment Assignment (BA )

Processed on 19-Aug-2019 14:57 IST

ID: 1161376812
Word Count: 3773

Similarity Index
10%
Similarity by Source

Internet Sources:
10%
Publications:
1%
Student Papers:
6%

sources:

5% match (Internet from 19-Nov-2017)

1
http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=277

1% match (Internet from 13-Jun-2019)

2
https://iasgatewayy.com/key-initiatives-of-government/

1% match (Internet from 05-Aug-2019)

3
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Jal

1% match (Internet from 21-Jul-2019)

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http://www.mediaeyenews.com/media/rss

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