CATIA Training

Drafting

Slides originally developed by: M.I.I. José Luis

Martinez

May 2019
 Contents 1st part
1. Orthographic Multi-view Projection
2. View Scaling
3. View Alignment
4. Technical Drawing/Drafting Standards: Line Styles & Weights
5. Hidden Lines
6. Centerlines
7. In Class Sketch
8. Material for Further Study

2
 Orthographic Multi-view Projections
• System for presenting 3D object on paper.
• Orthogonal views used to show size and location of object and its
features:
o features differentiate object from other objects;
o hole, inclined or oblique surface, fillet are examples of features.
• Six standard views (multi-view projection): top/bottom, front/back, side
(right/left).
• Non standard views: isometric, section, detail, and auxiliary view
(covered later today).

3
Third-Angle Projection

4
 Third Angle Projection Unfolding

5
 Third Angle Projection Unfolding

6
 Third Angle Projection Unfolding

7
 Six Third Angle Projection Views

8
 Necessary Views

9
 First Angle Projection
• Alignment Again Based Off of Front View
– Top View Placed Below Front View
– Bottom View Placed Above Front View
– Right Side View Placed to the Left
– Left Side View Placed to the Right
– Rear View Placed to the Side of Left or Right Views
• Typically Only 2 or 3 Views Required

10
 First Angle Projection Layout

Bottom

Right Left
Front Rear
Side Side

Top

Note Right View on left,

Top below Front
11
13
 First Angle Projection

• Based on Idea of Rolling an Object on Level Surface

and Viewing Various Sides
• Useful for Comparing Finished Product with Drawing

12
 View Scaling
• All Views Must be Drawn to Same Scale
• Object Dimensions Must Match in Each View
• Eliminates Confusion Regarding Size and
Orientation of Features

13
 View Alignment
• Object Must be Aligned Properly Relative to
Each View
– Left and Right Side Edges Must be Vertically
Aligned Between Top and Front Views
– Top and Bottom Edges Must be Horizontally Aligned
Between Front and Side Views

14
 Example of View Alignment

15
 Example of View Alignment

16
 Example of View Alignment

17
Technical Drawing / Drafting Standards:
Line Styles & Weights

18
 Hidden Lines
Hidden Lines
• Used to show features normally hidden by object being drawn:
– draw feature as if visible
surfaces transparent
– use dashed line style

19
 Centerlines
Centerlines
• Used to show center of curvature:
– cross marks center for edge-on views
– line identifies center of curvature for
orthogonal views
– use long-short-long dashed line style

Center ‘mark’ Centerline

20
 In class sketch
Sketch Top, Front, and Right Side Views if view shown is Right Isometric

Through Hole

21
 Contents 2nd part
1. Setting Drafting Workbench Options
2. Entering the Drafting Workbench
3. New Drawing Creation Window
4. Standard Paper Sizes
5. Creating Standard Views
6. Isometric Views
7. Section Views
8. Auxiliary Views
9. Detail Views

22
 Setting the Drafting Workbench Options
• Under the Tools pull down menu, select Options and then Drafting (under the
Mechanical Design branch of the tree)

Change to 1in

unselect this box

23
 Setting the Drafting Workbench Options (cont.)
• Select the View tab and select the options shown:

24
 Setting the Drafting Workbench Options (cont.)
• Select the Manipulators tab and select the options shown (to be used later):

25
Entering the Drafting Workbench

26
 New Drawing Creation Window

Select Modify button and then ANSI_DINC from Standard pull down
menu
27
 Standard Paper Sizes

D
Name Size Aspect Similar
Alias
in × in Ratio ISO

A1 ANSI A 8½ × 11
17 × 11
1.2941 Letter
Ledger
A4

ANSI B 1.5455 A3
11 × 17 Tabloid
ANSI C 17 × 22 1.2941 A2
ANSI D 22 × 34 1.5455 A1
ANSI E 34 × 44 1.2941 A0

ISO 216
(metric) ANSI Y14.1
28
 ANSI Sheet Format

8”½ x 11” 11” x 17”

17” x 22”

22” x 34”

29
 Creating Standard Views
• ‘Tile’ Windows Horizontally using Windows pull down menu.
• Use ‘View Creation Wizard’ from the View Toolbar and select ‘yz’ plane
in Part Design window.
• Use the "Blue Compass" to set the view orientation (if necessary).

(3rd Angle
Projection)

30
 Modifying an Existing View
• Activate a view by double-clicking on it. The View Frame surrounding the
view will change color from blue to red.
• Delete a view by simply using the keyboard "delete" button (Active View) or
right-clicking and using "delete" from the contextual menu.
• Scale a view using the “Properties" in the contextual menu by right-clicking
the active view frame.
• Move a view by dragging its to a different location. You can only move a
view with respect to its reference (e.g., top and right side views only move
along the line used to define them relative to the front view). However, using
“View Positioning" and “Position Independently of Reference View" from the
contextual menu allows you to move the view freely.

31
 Standard Views

View Frame (Front View is ‘active’)

32
 Isometric Views
• Standard Convention: Show Object Looking from Top, Front,
Left Corner
• View Given 3D Perspective by Altering Angles at Which Lines
are Drawn
– Z-axis lines remain vertical
– X-axis lines are drawn at 120o to vertical
– Y-axis lines are drawn at -120o to vertical
• Lengths Reflect Actual Dimensions
• Circles and Rounded Arcs are Changed to Elliptical Arcs

33
Standard Isometric View

y z
x

Top, Front,
Left Corner

34
 Right Isometric Views
• In This Class, We Will Use RIGHT Isometric Views
• Show Object Looking from Top, Front, Right Corner
• Allows Better Correlation with Top, Front, and Right Side Views

Right Side

Top
Front

Front Right Side 35

Right Isometric View

y z
x

Top, Front,
Right Corner

36
 Right Isometric Views in CATIA
• When creating a part in CATIA:
– Sketch Front View in ‘yz’ Plane
– Sketch Top View in ‘xy’ Plane
– Sketch Right Side View in ‘zx’ Plane
• Placing Object in Right Isometric Orientation in Part Design by
simply selecting Isometric Mode from the ‘Quick View’ Tool on the
View Toolbar:

37
 Adding an Isometric View to a Drawing
• To add an isometric view to a drawing, select the Isometric view
icon as a part of the second step in the View Wizard window:

• Place the Isometric view above the Right Side view and to the right
of the Top view (see Slide 21 for an example) 38
 Isometric View Line Styles
• Right click on Isometric View Frame and select Properties from the
contextual menu

Unselect:
• Hidden Lines
• Center Line
• Axis
Select:
• Fillets

39
 Cutting Plane
Section Views
Used to show details of features inside of object:
• Make cut through object at point of interest
using a cutting plane and look at interior view.
• Make interior features visible and shown with
visible (solid) lines.
• Solid cut material shown with hatching (except
for ribs and webs).
• To avoid confusion, always omit hidden lines
in section view!

40
 Cutting Plane and Sight Arrow

• Line along which object is cut

(cutting plane). Sight Arrows

• Drawn in one of six standard

views as heavy long dashed line.
• Sight arrows placed at end of Cutting Plane
cutting plane to show viewing
direction.
• Section view sometimes takes
place of standard view in that
direction.

41
 Hatching
• Closely spaced angled lines used to fill outline of solid cut material.
• Never parallel or perpendicular to visible lines.
• Never bounded by hidden lines.
• Each material has particular hatching style:
o allows easy identification of material;
o patterns can be found in CATIA material library.

42
 Hatching in Assemblies
Assemblies:
• Section views of assemblies involving two or more parts make use
of different hatching styles for each part.
• Makes it easier to identify individual parts.

43
 Offset Section Views
Section views can be moved anywhere
on drawing
• Each end of cutting plane is
labeled with a letter.
• Section view is placed elsewhere
(instead of in place of a standard
view) and labeled with letters (i.e.
Section A-A).

44
 Creating a Section View in CATIA
1. Double click on the frame around a standard view to make it ‘active’.
2. Select Offset Section View Tool
3. Align Cutting Plane with centerline of hole or other feature.
4. Start Cutting Plane outside of perimeter of visible lines of view by left
clicking your mouse. Move your mouse through the view until it is
approximately an equal distance beyond the opposite side of the view
and left click again to establish the Cutting Plane.
5. Move your mouse away from the Cutting Plane until the Section View
appears. Left click to establish the view on the drawing sheet.
6. Right click on the frame and use the Properties menu to turn OFF Hidden
Lines.
7. Right click on the frame and select ‘Position Independently of Reference
View’ under View Positioning to move the view to another location . 45
 Auxiliary Views
• A view from a different angle is called an
auxiliary view.
• Auxiliary views are the same as other
orthographic views, but are from some
direction other than top/front, right/left,
bottom/rear.
• Auxiliary views are most commonly used to
show an inclined or oblique surface true size
which does not appear true size in any of the
standard views.

46
True Length

To show a line true length,

create a view so that you are
looking perpendicular to
the line (the viewing plane is
parallel to the line).

47
Surface True Size

To show a surface true size,

create a view so that you are
looking perpendicular
to the surface
(perpendicular to the edge
view of the surface).

48
 Auxiliary View in CATIA using Folding Line Method

1. Double click on frame around standard view with inclined edge to make it
‘active’.
2. Select the Auxiliary View Tool on the Projections toolbar:

3. Left click on 2 locations on inclined edge. When auxiliary image

appears, place it adjacent to the inclined edge.
4. Select line with sight arrows which appears on inclined edge and delete
(sight arrows and letter designation should disappear).
5. Right click on frame around Auxiliary View, and select Properties from
pop up menu. Turn OFF Hidden Lines.
6. Select Auxiliary View name text box and delete.

49
 Auxiliary View in CATIA using Folding Line Method (cont.)

7. Multi-select (using Ctrl key) all line segments other than those which define
the perimeter of the inclined plane and its visible features and delete.
8. Select the Line Tool and draw a line parallel to inclined edge about halfway
between the edge and the auxiliary view. The line should extend beyond
the start and end points of the inclined edge (see example, next slide).
9. Use the Text Tool to add the appropriate letter designation on the side of
the line nearest the standard view (i.e., H for top view, F for front, or P for
side) and the number 1 on the side of the line nearest the auxiliary view
(see example, next slide).

50
Sample Auxiliary View

51
 Detail View
• Used to magnify small features of a view.
• With view ‘active’, left click near the feature and drag a
circle over the feature.
• Move your mouse and establish the view on the drawing.
• Move the view letter (‘B’ below) and ‘leader’ as necessary.
• Default magnification is
2 times drawing scale.

52
 In-Class Activity
Follow the steps in Lesson 5 of the CATIA Workbook and
the previous slides to create the following drawings:

53
 Contents 3rd part
1. Dimensions
2. Primary Dimensioning Toolbars
3. Tolerances
4. Applying Tolerances in CATIA
5. Part Drawings
6. Information for Further Study
• Examples of good and bad dimensioning
• Geometric Tolerancing

54
 Dimensions

• Used to define size and position of objects and their features.

• Can be broken into two distinct groups:
o Linear dimensions:
Length, width, and height.
o Radial dimensions:
Radius, diameter, and angles.

55
 Linear Dimensions
• Always placed to the side of the object so no part of
object is covered.
• Often placed between standard views.
• Constructed with three parts:
1. Dimension Number / Text:
Actual value of dimension.
2. Dimension Line:
Line extending from one end of dimension to the other.
3. Extension line:
Line running from object / feature being dimensioned to
dimension line.

56
 Linear Dimensions
Typical Sizes for Dimension Features:

57
 Linear Dimensions
Allow size and position of linear features to be defined, in addition to overall
length of an edge
Two methods:
• Stacked dimensions:
o Always start from same part edge;
o Stacked above one another
with larger values always
placed farther away from
the view than smaller values.
• Chain dimensions:
o Progress in a line;
o Each new dimension
starts where previous
dimension left off.
58
 Linear Dimensions: Stacked
Stacked Dimension spacing:

59
 Linear Dimensions: Chain
Rule for Chain Dimensions:
• Always leave off one sub-dimension when including overall dimension.
• Missing dimension can be found by adding/subtracting other dimensions.
• Simplifies drawing and removes potential for conflicting dimensions.

60
 Dimensions
• Used to define size and position of objects and their features.
• Can be broken into two distinct groups:
o Linear dimensions:
Length, width, and height.
o Radial dimensions:
Radius, diameter, and angles.

61
 Radial Dimensions
• Always placed to side of object.
• Always attempt to place outside of views in position which
does not conflict with linear dimensions.
• Applied using a ‘leader’: Arrow pointing from dimension
number to feature being dimensioned.
• Use diameter dimension for a hole (complete circle).
• Use radius dimension for a fillet or rounded corner (arc).

62
Radial Dimensions (cont.)

63
 Good Dimensioning Practices
• Only dimension feature or object once, in one of the views:
o Common mistake to apply dimensions to each feature in all of the
views.
o Showing only one dimension simplifies drawing and avoids
conflicting dimensions.
• Dimension lines should never cross.
• Shorter dimensions should be placed closer to the object
to avoid crossing dimension or extension lines with longer
dimensions.
• For curved surfaces, only dimension location to center lines,
not to curved edges.
64
 Example: Proper Dimensioning

a) This dimension placement violates rules about dimension

and extension lines crossing.
b) After repositioning, the dimensions reflect better practice.
65
 Example: Improper Dimensioning

This dimension violates the rule stating dimensions

must be placed to side of object.
66
Multiple Features

67
Example: Multiple Features

68
 Inclined Surfaces (Chamfer)
• Angled surfaces can be dimensioned in one of two ways:
– Dimension rise and run of surface.
– Dimension the angle directly, and rise or run of surface.
• Define coordinates to where corner would be if chamfer were
not present.
• Note that extension lines CAN cross.
(run) (run)

(rise)

69
Optional Dimensioning for Chamfer

Give:
1. the distance and angle
2. two distances.

70
Summary: Dimensioning Rules/Conventions
1. Place dimensions outside of perimeter of views. All linear
dimensions should have 2 extension lines.
.

2. Dimension each feature only once, in one of views.

3. With chain dimensions, leave off one dimension and
include overall length.
4. With stacked dimensions, always place larger values
outside smaller values.
5. Apply dimensions to visible lines (not hidden lines)
unless there is no other choice (or use section view).

71
 Summary: Rules/Conventions (cont.)

6. Dimension lines should never cross:

o Extension lines may cross.
o Leaders are considered dimension lines.

7. For Radial Dimensions:

o Use diameter dimension for holes.
o Use radius dimensions for fillets and rounded corners.
o Dimension location using centerlines, not curved edge.

72
 Primary Dimensioning Toolbars
• Dimensioning Toolbar

• Dimensions Toolbar

• Tools Palette

• The Dimension Properties Toolbar

Tolerances Units Precision

73
Tolerances

74
 Tolerances (cont.)
• Specify the Required Accuracy of Dimensions
• Direct Impact on Manufacturing Cost
• Made as Large as Possible Without Impacting Functionality
– Looser Tolerances Lead to Easier Manufacturing and Lower Cost
– Tighter Tolerances Lead to Harder Manufacturing and Higher
Cost
• Standard tolerances defined based on fit and function:
http://www.engineersedge.com/tolerance_chart.htm

75
 Tolerance Terms
• Limits
– Upper and lower boundaries for the dimension
• Tolerance
– Difference between the limits
• Basic Dimension
– Exact theoretical size of the object / feature
– Used in determining the tolerance for the dimensions
• Actual Size
– Measured size of the finished object / feature
76
77
78
79
80
81
Types of Fit

82
Allowance and Max Clearance

83
84
85
86
Default Tolerances

• Applied if no tolerance specified

• Standard convention for ERAU Machine Shop
– Dimension in whole numbers or fractions (e.g. 1, ½):
+0.025 in. tolerance applied
– Dimension has one place past decimal (e.g. 1.0, 12.2):
+0.015 in. tolerance applied
– Dimension has two places past decimal (e.g. 1.00, 3.52):
+0.010 in. tolerance applied
– Dimension has three places past decimal (e.g. 1.000, 4.325):
+0.005 in. tolerance applied
– Dimension has four places past decimal (e.g. 1.0000, 5.5233):
+0.0005 in. tolerance applied
87
88
Tolerances ‘stack up’ with chain dimensions
89
 Applying Tolerances in CATIA
• Apply different tolerance types using ‘Dimension
Properties’ toolbar
– Bilateral/Unilateral – Use ANS_NUM2
– Limit – Use TOL_RES2
• Right click on dimension and select Properties
• Select the Tolerance tab and make changes to tolerance
limits as required

90
 Part Drawings
Part drawings usually show one part per drawing sheet, not multiple
parts, even if the part is small. This way, each part number corresponds to
a single drawing that has the information for that part.

Part drawings include the following elements:

• title and revision block
• drawing views
• dimensions
• tolerances
• material designation
• finishes
• notes

91
 Adding a Title Block in CATIA
To add/edit the block title, use ‘Sheet Background’ from the ‘Edit’ menu.
Use Insert \ Drawing \ ‘Frame And Title Block’ to add a new title block.
‘Drawing Titleblock Sample 2’ is similar to what is shown below:

Sheet size

To return to the drawing sheet, select ‘Working Views’ from the Edit menu.
92
 Title Block
• Name: originating company or business (and address if desired).
• Drawing Title: briefly describe the item using a noun or noun phrase and only
if necessary adjectives. The title should be clear but brief.
• Drawing Number: give each drawing a unique number, using the company’s
numbering system.
• Revision Number: track the drawing version number after release (original
release usually shows revision 0).
• Approval Block: list the name(s) of the person(s) approving the drawing and
the date it was approved.

93
 Title Block (cont.)
• Scale: list the predominant scale for the drawing. If the drawing is not made to
a particular scale, note NONE in the scale area.
• Drawing Size: list the sheet size used for the drawing.
• Sheet Number: list the number of the sheet (1 of n).
• Weight: list the actual or estimated weight of the part if required.
• Additional information: material, general tolerance, heat treatment, finish,
hardness, superseded drawing numbers.

94
 Part Drawings (Cont.)
Part drawings include the following elements:
• title and revision block
• drawing views
• dimensions
• tolerances
• material designation
• finishes
• notes

95
Part Drawings: Wheel Lock

96
 In-Class Activity
Work through
Lessons 6 in the
CATIA Workbook
with the example
given.

97
 Information for Further Study

Examples of good and bad dimensioning

Geometric Tolerancing

98
 Example: What is Wrong?

Poor

99
 Chain Linear Dimensions

Poor Better

100
 Example: What is Wrong?

Poor

101
 Apply Dimensions to Visible Lines

Poor Better

102
 Example: What is Wrong?

Poor Better

103
 Dimensions Outside of Perimeter

Poor Better

104
Don’t give dimensions twice

105
Don’t give dimensions twice

106
 Geometric Tolerancing

• Geometric tolerancing uses special drawing symbols to

specify geometric characteristics as well as dimensional
requirements on engineering drawings.

• Using Geometric tolerancing , you specify tolerance zones

that reflect the geometry of the feature you are trying to
control.

107
 Feature Control Frame
Geometric tolerance is reported in a box attached to an extension line
or to a feature (face, hole).

108
 Datum

A datum feature is a physical

feature on the part that is being
manufactured or inspected. It is
identified on a datum feature
symbol.

Datum features are features of the

actual part, so are inherently
imperfect.

109
 Geometric Tolerance Symbols
Form: Position:
Straightness Position
Flatness Concentricity
Circularity Symmetry
Cylindricity
Runout and Profile:
Orientation: Circular runout
Angularity Total runout
Perpendicularity Profile of a line
Parallelism Profile of a surface
110
 Straightness

Imagine two straight parallel lines set apart by the tolerance amount. Any line
element making up the feature must lie entirely between these boundaries.

111
Straightness

112
 Circularity
A tolerance zone bounded by two concentric circles is defined within which
each circular element of the surface must lie.

113
Angularity

114
Perpendicularity for a Plane Surface

115
Perpendicularity for an Axis

116
Parallelism for a Plane Surface

117
Parallelism for an Axis

118
Concentricity

119
Applying Geometric Tolerances

120