TITLE

An Independent Study Presented to the Faculty of

Institute of Computing Studies and Library Information Science
City College of Angeles
Angeles City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

By:
First Name M.I. Last Name
First Name M.I. Last Name
First Name M.I. Last Name
First Name M.I. Last Name
First Name M.I. Last Name
First Name M.I. Last Name

October 2018
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APPROVAL SHEET

This Independent Study entitled “TITLE (ALL CAPS)” prepared and submitted
by:

FirstName MI LastName
FirstName MI LastName
FirstName MI LastName
FirstName MI LastName
FirstName MI LastName
FirstName MI LastName

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Computer
Science, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral
Examination.

Thesis Instructor Adviser

THESIS COMMITTEE
After having been presented is hereby accepted by the Committee on Oral
Examination towards the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Computer Science.

Chairman

Member Member

Noted by:

Academic Coordinator, BSCS Dean, ICSLIS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. iii

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi

LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER I ........................................................................................................................ 2

Background of the Study ................................................................................................. 2

Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 3

Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................... 3

Scope of the Study........................................................................................................... 4

Delimitations of the Study............................................................................................... 5

Conceptual Framework / Theoretical Framework / Paradigm of the Study.................... 5

Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 5

Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................................... 7

Research Design .............................................................................................................. 7

System Development Methodology ................................................................................ 7

Participants ...................................................................................................................... 7

Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 8

Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 8

Design and Implementation ............................................................................................ 9

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CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................... 11

System / Application Outputs ....................................................................................... 11

Evaluation Results ......................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER IV ................................................................................................................... 12

Summary of Findings .................................................................................................... 12

Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 12

Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 12

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 14

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................. 15

Appendix A: Title.......................................................................................................... 15
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LIST OF TABLES

Insert the List of Tables using the “References” tab > “Insert Table of Figures” > Table
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LIST OF FIGURES

Insert the List of Tables using the “References” tab > “Insert Table of Figures” > Figures
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ABSTRACT

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it

allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons

interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases.

Do not exceed the abstract word limit of the journal to which you are submitting

your article. Word limits vary from journal to journal and typically range from 150 to 250

words. This also signifies the first page of your manuscript.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The information presented should follow the format: global reality, national and

focal reality. This means it will start from general or broad ideas and topics while

narrowing it down until such time you will be citing the locale, its problems and a

perceivable solution to it.

It must be supported with documents or reference with at least 5 years recency,

unless there is no other reference that you dig which are relevant to the study. You should

include your literature reviews on this part and in any part of the paper where it is

applicable. When summarizing earlier works, avoid nonessential details; instead,

emphasize pertinent findings, relevant methodological issues, and major conclusions.

Refer the reader to general surveys or research syntheses of the topic if they are available.

You should follow the APA 6 format for citation (See Appendix P).

In the introduction, you are attempting to inform the reader about the rationale

behind the work, justifying why your work is an essential component of research in the

field. The introduction does not have a strict word limit, unlike the abstract, but it should

be as concise as possible. (Minimum of 2 pages and a max of 3 pages for the Introduction)

The introduction gives an overall review of the paper but does address a few slightly

different issues from the abstract. It works upon the principle of introducing the topic of

the paper and setting it into a broad context, gradually narrowing down to a research

problem, thesis and hypothesis. A good introduction explains how you mean to solve the
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research problem and creates ‘leads’ to make the reader want to delve further into your

work.

Statement of the Problem

You should state an overview or a general statement of the problems. This is the

foundation of the entire work and informs the reader exactly what you wish to achieve with

the paper, what you wish to prove or disprove.

1. This section will re-emphasize the problems stated in the introduction.

2. The problems narrated in the introduction will be re-written in outline format

which are numbered rather than bulleted.

3. The statement of the problem will be written in declarative format.

4. Present specific problems that you are trying to resolve and later will reflect on

the objectives and conclusions of the study

5. For this part, you can still include reviews of related literatures.

Objectives of the Study

You should have an introductory paragraph that states what the researchers expect

to achieve by the study in general terms, meaning the general objective of the study is

parallel to the title. It is the main goal and output that the study aims, which is the

development of a system or an application that is organization specific. In conjunction it

briefly gives a description of what the system is and what it is intended to do or improve.

It must have quantifiable characteristics of the output.

1. Breaking down the general objective into smaller, logically connected parts.
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2. The objectives should be consistent with the problems. For example, if there

are six problems, there should also be six objectives.

3. The objectives should be stated in the infinitive of the verb “to be”. Use action

verbs that are specific enough to be evaluated (to determine, to compare, to

verify, to calculate, to describe, to establish). Avoid the use of vague non-action

verbs (to appreciate, to understand, or to study).

4. Arrange the objectives in a coherent way and in a logical sequence;

5. Keep in mind that when the project is evaluated, the results will be compared

to the objectives. If the objectives have not been spelled out clearly, the project

cannot be evaluated.

6. The objectives should be stated in behavioral terms (SMART).

Scope of the Study

1. Defines the coverage or boundaries of the study in terms of the area of

locality

2. Identify the subjects/participants or population covered

3. It should include the duration or period of the study

4. The scope of the thesis covers all aspects and factors that will contribute to its

completion.

5. The modules to be covered by the study which will be arrange by the users of

the system.

6. Each module will just be defined briefly and its details will be thoroughly

written in the Requirements Specification Analysis.

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Delimitations of the Study

1. Limitations or the descriptions of the restrictions that have been imposed on the

study that are beyond the researchers’ concern

2. Do not include the obvious limitations in the study.

3. The delimitations are other features of the project that may enhance its character

but may be postponed till after the completion of the major components.

Conceptual Framework / Theoretical Framework / Paradigm of the Study

It is the skeletal or structural frame, a foundation that provides base and support. It

refers to the “set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions and propositions that

relate to a research problem. You can present using diagrams the procedures you are about

to do, the hypotheses leading to your objective/solution, or the Input-Process-Output

Diagram. Describe and explain the diagram. The label of the diagram should be put before

the diagram itself. (See Appendix V)

Significance of the Study

1. Name those who are to benefit from the study: people, institutions, agencies.

2. Cite how they will benefit from the findings of the research.

3. Do not fail to include the researchers as beneficiaries and what they are

expected to benefit.
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Definition of Terms

1. A list of words found in the manuscript that may need a further explanation to

understand what that word means rather than giving a definition within the

work.

2. Use the operational definition of terms in the manuscript instead of the

conceptual meaning which are found in encyclopedias, books, magazines and

journals.

3. Operational definition of terms refers to the unique meaning in the study and

the definitions of how they are used in the study. The definition should be brief,

concise, clear, and unequivocal as possible.

4. Must be arranged alphabetically and numbered. Since the operational meaning

will be used, the word “it refers to” must be used prior to its meaning.
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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Give a short introduction on this part. Discuss an overview of what are the parts of

this methodology.

Research Design

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis

of data that is relevant to and will best address the research purpose and with the minimum

expenditure of effort, money and time. You should identify the appropriate research design

of your research. Include also literature reviews and diagrams if applicable.

System Development Methodology

This section identifies the methodology used in the study. It explains why such

methodology was chosen. It includes the diagram of the chosen methodology, all its phases

and the actual activities undertaken by the researchers and the accomplishments and

outputs that were produced. It should follow the proper format in labelling the diagram.

This part also discusses and explains what and how each portion of the system

development methodology was applied during the research phase.

Participants

This section indicates the affected individuals or units in the study. It indicates the

specific departments and number of respondents involved in the study. If applicable,

present it in a table and explain the reasons why these participants are included in the study.
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Discuss also the sampling technique that was used and provide a literature review

about it. It also shows what formula was used and the actual computation as to how the

respondents were derived, if applicable.

Procedure

This section discusses how the data were collected to come up with your proposed

research / study / system / application. Include literature reviews for each procedure. These

procedures are, but not limited to:

1. Interview

2. Observation

3. Interview Questions

4. Evaluation Questions. Please refer to ISO 25010 for the criteria. Explain each

criterion and how it was used to your study.

5. Web Researches

6. Library Researches

7. Immersion

Data Analysis

This section discusses how the results from the procedures were analyzed. You can

present formulas, scales, tables and diagram with proper citation. Prove these with

supporting literature reviews.

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Design and Implementation

Requirement Specification Analysis. This part explains what the program will do

from the user’s perspective. It details a statement of valid input to the program and the

statement of the corresponding output. This area covers the discussion of the features per

module of the system. It should be written in an outline format.

System Design and Specifications. This section explains the system requirements

from the point of view of the developer. The program specifications are explicitly and

precisely stated. These includes the following:

 User Interface Design. This portion of the study presents sample

screenshots, user interface, forms, and reports generated by the system.

Proper labeling of the figure is required (See Appendix V).

 Entity Relationship Diagram. It depicts the relationship between different

tables in the database. Place a brief explanation as to what an ERD including

the literature review and proper citation. Discuss the ERD and explain your

diagram. The actual diagram of the ERD with crow’s foot notations to show

their relationship will reflect in the Appendices.

Logical Specifications. This section presents the different diagrams used in the

study These diagrams should be discussed and explained comprehensively with proper

citations and labels. The diagrams should be placed in the Appendices. These diagrams are,

but not limited to:

 Data Flow Diagram.

1. Context Level (Level 0) Data Flow Diagram.

2. Level 1 Data Flow Diagram.

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 Flowchart

 Use Case Diagram

 Storyboard

 Volume Table of Contents (VTOC)

Hardware Specifications. This section shows the devices and equipment and other

resources used during the development and implementation. Indicate the minimum and

recommended specifications. Hardware Specification should be presented in a Table.

Software Specifications. This section shows the software resources used during

the development and implementation of the system indicating which were used in the front

end and back end. It should indicate the minimum and recommended specifications and

presented in a table.
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CHAPTER III

RESULTS

Give a short introduction on this part. Discuss an overview of what are the parts of

this section.

System / Application Outputs

This section presents screenshots of the inputs and outputs of the system or

application. If your study includes hardware equipment such as Arduino, include actual

pictures of the equipment, how is it positioned and its outcome.

Evaluation Results

This section covers the results of the project evaluation and gives the technical

analysis / interpretation on the derived results. Summarize the collected data and the

analysis performed on

those data relevant to the discourse that is to follow. Report the data in sufficient detail to

justify your conclusions.

Present the results in table format with proper labels. The results in the table should

be discussed. Evaluation results should come from your participants including your three

(3) IT Experts.
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CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

Give a short introduction on this part. Discuss an overview of what are the parts of

this section.

Summary of Findings

Summarized the results based on the previous chapter. Only the important findings,

the highlights of the data, should be included in the summary, especially those upon which

the conclusion should be based. Findings are not explained nor elaborated upon anymore.

They should be stated as concisely as possible. No new data should be introduced in the

summary of findings.

Conclusions

State your conclusions based on each objective you presented in Chapter 1. Do not

simply reformulate and repeat points already made; each new statement should contribute

to your interpretation and to the reader's understanding of the problem.

Recommendations

Acknowledge the limitations of your research. Suggest improvements on the

project. You can use the limitations of your study to recommend future enhancements.

These recommendations should also be based on conclusions. These are also suggestions
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for further study can tie up with the present study, previous investigations, current thinking

and the inadequacy of the present study and for further research.
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REFERENCES

Use APA formatting for all references (in the body and in the listing here).
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APPENDICES

Appendix A: Title

Place your appendices here. Please be sure that these have been referenced in the

body of document.