Unit 1

1. Match the columns to discover the headlines and the section

P Objetivo general: Seras capaz de hablar sobre eventos que han they belong to.
pasado a. Water bursts through river walls 4 1. its doors to the public.
recientemente y compartir experiencias personales. b. Dollar against Euro… 2. hit the headlines once again.
P Objetivos de comunicación: Aprenderas a : c. Cheaper drug to treat… 3. the never ending battle.
Hablar sobre noticias d. New gallery has opened… 4. and floods local farmland.
Anunciar una noticia que ha sucedido recientemente e. Royal love scandal has… 5. heart disease has been successful
compartir experiencias personales
Sections
International
Vocabulario: - Secciones de periodicos
Social
- Palabrass relacionadas con noticias escritas y re- Expresión: Local News
portajes.
Hit the headlines: Ser famoso por Business
Grammar: - Presente simple y perfecto d Arts
haber salido en las noticias.
- Pasado simple y perfecto Sports
Classifeds
2. Read the conversations about recent news. Then, complete the chart below. Health

A:
Mary: Wow, the royal couple has
had another love scandal!
Jane: That’s unbelievable!
Mary: Believe it! It is published
everywhere. Haven’t you read
it yet?
Jane: No, not yet. That´s shocking
news! And you know, the social
section never lies.
Newspaper Section
a. ______________
b. ______________
c. ______________
d. ______________
B: C: D:
Juan: Look! The new host Mark: Do we have today’s broadsheet? Claire: Have you read the news today?
Anne: Yes. I’ve already read it. Do you
country for the Olympic Games Peter: No, I haven’t done it yet.
want to check out the economic What happened?
has already been chosen.
issues? Claire: Last Friday heavy rain led to
Mia: Really? That’s the sports
Mark: Well, I’m always interested in serious flooding in asmall town near
event of the year! What’s the
the currency exchange rates. our city.
fortunate country?
Anne: There’s a remarkable change. Peter: Well, it isn’t hard to believe.
Juan: It’s Brazil. This is the first
This week the dollar has fallen Sometimes things don’t work
time for a Latin American
and the euro has risen. as they should; besides, the
country.
Mia: Wow! That’s awesome! Mark: Oh! That’s astonishing! authorities haven’t fxed the
river walls since 1998!
Topic Ways to express feelings about news
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________

Reflect On Grammar
The Present Perfect Tense
Use it to talk about events that occurred at a non-specifc time • Use already to say that something happened
in the past and continue to the present. sooner than expected in afirmative sentences.
• I´ve already read it.
• The host country for the Olympic Games has been chosen. • Use yet to mean “until now” in negative
• I haven’t read the local newspaper yet. sentences and questions.
• Haven´t you read it yet?

The Simple Present Tense Use frequency adverbs to indicate the frequency
of routines and habitual actions.
Use it to express routines and facts.
• I’m always interested in the currency exchange rates. always sometimes never
• And you know, the social section never lies.
• Sometimes things don’t work as they should.
100 % 50 % 0%
 Presente simple
El "present simple" es el tiempo verbal más sencillo e importante de la lengua inglesa. En esta lección vamos a expli-
car cómo se forma y cuando se usa:
USOS:
Rutinas: CONJUGACIÓN DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE
I work in a silver mine.
La construcción del presente simple (Present Simple) en
I go to work on Saturdays
inglés es realmente fácil, tiene la estructura:
Situaciones permanentes:
She has a car
[SUJETO] + [VERBO] (en infinitivo sin to)
I like dogs
Leyes naturales o físicas: A tener en cuenta: They live -- he lives
The Sun appears in the East. Si el sujeto es 3ª persona del singular se le aña-
The water is wet. de una "-s" al verbo.

CASO ESPECIAL: "-IES" CASO ESPECIAL: "-ES" PARA LA 3ª

PARA LA 3ª PERSONA PERSONA
Para los verbos acabados en "-o","-sh", "-ch" , "-ss",
ADICIONALMENTE, los verbos acaba- "-x" , "-z", "-y" se añade "-es" en lugar de "-s para la
dos en "-y" cuando la "y" no es precedida 3ª persona del singular".
de una vocal, forman la tercera persona en
"-ies". to go --- He goes
occupy -- occupies to wish -- He wishes
study --- studies to buzz -- He buzzes
 PRESENTE PERFECTO
El "present perfect" de cualquier verbo está compuesto por dos elementos: la forma apropiada del verbo auxiliar to
have (en presente) y el "past participle" del verbo principal. La forma del "past participle" de un verbo regular
es raíz+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. En cuanto a los verbos irregulares, consulta la Tabla de verbos irregula-
res.
FUNCIONES DEL "PRESENT PERFECT"
El "present perfect" se emplea para señalar un vínculo entre el presente y el pasado. El tiempo en que transcurre la ac-
ción es anterior al presente pero inespecífico y, a menudo, recae un mayor interés sobre el resultado que sobre la
propia acción.

EL "PRESENT PERFECT" SE UTILIZA PARA DESCRIBIR

Una acción o situación iniciada en el pasado y que continúa en el presente. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= to-
davía vivo allí.)
Una acción realizada durante un periodo de tiempo aún no concluido. Shehas beento the cinema twice this week (=
la semana todavía no ha terminado.)
Una acción repetida en un periodo temporal inespecífico situado entre el pasado y el presente. We have visited Por-
tugal several times.
Una acción que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo que se indica mediante 'just'. I have just finished my
work.
Una acción para la cual no es importante el momento preciso en que aconteció. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= lo
relevante es el resultado de la acción)
Nota: Cuando queremos dar o pedir información sobre cuándo, dónde o quién, empleamos el "simple past". Consulta
cómo elegir entre el "simple past" y el "present perfect".

PRESENT PERFECT + EVER, NEVER, ALREADY, YET

EVER
Los adverbios "ever" y "never" se refieren a un tiempo no identificado, anterior al presente (Have you ever visited
Berlin?). "Ever" y "never" siempre se colocan antes del verbo principal (en "past participle"). "Ever" se utiliza:

En preguntas Have you ever been to England?

preguntas negativas Haven't they ever been to Europe?
oraciones negativas con ´´nothing + ever´´ o ´´nobody + ever´´ Nobody has ever said that to me before.
con ´´ the first time´´ It's the first time that I've ever eaten snails.
NEVER
"Never" significa nunca antes de ahora y equivale a "not (...) ever": (I have never visited Berlin)
¡CUIDADO!: "Never" y "not" no deben usarse juntos.
ALREADY
"Already" se refiere a una acción que ha ocurrido en un tiempo anterior al presente pero no especificado. Sugiere que
no es necesario repetir la acción, tambien se usa para preguntar.
Don't write to John, I've already done it.
Has she finished her homework already?
Already puede colocarse antes del verbo principal o al final de la frase.
I have already been to Tokyo.
I have been to Tokyo already.
YET
"Yet" se utiliza en oraciones negativas e interrogativas, con el significado de (no) en el periodo temporal entre el pasa-
do y el ahora, (no) hasta el momento presente, incluido éste. Suele colocarse al final de la frase.

Have you met Judy yet?

 1. Complete the sentences. Use the Word Bank in the Simple Present and the Present Perfect tenses.

Word Bank THE GATEWAY WINDMILL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

• win (2x) Windmill School newspaper
• like
WINDMILL BEATS SAN FRANCISCO SCHOOL
• send
• be Our basketball team has won the interschool championship
• attend again. It is the third time our players______________ (a) the
• arrive trophy and succeeded in this important sports event.
• show
• close
• buy PARENTS AT SCHOOL: When Arts Matter
• create
The majority of the school´s families ___________(b) the Arts Festival this year. This is
awesome news! Students ________(c) already _______(d) the families a thank you note.

Grammar NEW SCIENTIST OF ALL AGES AT WINDMILL

The school science fair always ___________(e) students’ creativity and love for design.
Strategy On this occasion, a 10th grade girl ____________(f) some innovative software for
Use context clues
learning English in a fun way.
to make decisions
about the forms of STUDENT’S VOICES & NEEDS ADMISSION PROCESS OVER
the verbs according It’s a fact that most students ________(g) The school ______________(i) already
to the tenses.
new technologies and the computer lessons. ____________(j) its doors to new
However, the school’s computers are very students. Admissions for the next
old and don’t work properly. The school academic year ___________(k) now
________________(h) new ones yet. over.

SOFT NEWS
The school principal is still on vacation. She __________________(l)
_______________(m) from Houston, Texas yet.

2 Circle the correct words. 5 Order the words to make questions.

She studies / study all afternoon.
1 My friend hate / hates science.
2 They live / lives in a big flat.
3 She wear / wears a blue and white uniform.
4 Our teachers say / says our school is amazing!
5 You and your friends like / likes maths.
6 I go / goes to school at 7.45am.
3 Write the third person singular form of the verbs.
1 watch_______ 4 go_______7 finish______
2 study________5 sleep______
3 have________6 do______
4 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or
negative form of the verbs in exercise 2.
My father sings in the shower every morning.
1 My cat ________for about 18 hours a day.
2 My grandma ________television. She listens to the radio.
3 My mum _____________ work late on Fridays.
4 Gerry __________his homework on the bus in the morning.
5 My sister __________ to French classes after school.
6 We ____________PE every Tuesday.
7 In my school we ____________ German.
We study English and French.
Do / at the weekend / go / you / to the park ?
Do you go to the park at the weekend?
1 ICT and history / you / Do / like ?
____________________________________
2 you / start / at 6am / school / Do ?
____________________________________
3 your grandma / a computer / Does / use ?
____________________________________
4 your parents / play / cricket / Do ?
_____________________________________
5 your friends / their homework / Do / every day /
do ?
______________________________________
6 Richard / Does / near you / live ?
______________________________________
7 play / your brother / Does / the guitar ?
______________________________________
1. Write the third person singular of the following
verbs.
play __________ go ____________wash__________
teach _________ drive _________ carry __________
fly __________ start ___________ help ___________
kiss __________ watch __________ tidy __________
like __________ enjoy _________ cry ____________
mix ____________
3. Write questions as in the example.
1. You / speak English. --------Do you speak English?
2. She / work hard.
3. They / have dinner at eight
4. Jill and Tom / study at university
5. You / do your homework every day
6. John / watch TV after dinner.
7. He / wash the car at the weekend.
8. Her friends / live in London.
9. You / have any brothers or sisters.
10. Your friends / go to the cinema very often.
5. Add -s, -es or -ies to the verbs below to form the
Present Simple for he, she or it.
1 stop .................. 2 watch ..................3 study ............... 10. Why ...... they ask so many questions in class?
4 do ...................... 5 mix .................... 6 tie ...................
7 dress ................. 8 try ...................... 9 go .................. 7. Write each sentence in the negative. Then write an
10 catch .............. 11 enjoy ................. 12 lose .............. affirmative sentence using the words in brackets.
6. Write questions and answer them about yourself.
1 your grandma / often / visit you / ?
...................................................................
...................................................................
2 you / watch / TV / in the evening / ?
...................................................................
...................................................................
3 your dad / play / the guitar / ?
...................................................................
...................................................................
4 your friends / like / computer games / ?
...................................................................
...................................................................
2. Complete the sentences with the Present Simple of
the verbs in brackets.
1. Peter and his friends ________ to school by bus. (go)
2. Elephants __________ leaves and grass. (eat)
3. David's father __________ in a hospital. (work)
4. The bank opens at 9.30 and ________ at 4.30. (close)
5. Tom and Jim __________ football every day after
school. (play)
6. Mr Jones is a teacher. He __________ History. (teach)
7. Our lessons ________ at 9.00 and __________ at
3.30. (start / finish)
8. My pen friend __________ in Japan. (live)
9. Mary and her brother __________ cartoons every Sun-
day morning. (watch)
10. John __________ his roomvery day. (tidy)
4. Complete the questions with do or does.
1. ...... she take her gog for a walk in the morning?
2. ...... your friend Paul work in the shop over there?
3. ...... they know the answers to the exam?
4. ...... your parents know that you smoke?
5. ...... Bill teach maths?
6. Where ....... your sister live?
7. What time ...... the lessons finish?
8. ...... you go to the coast in summer?
9. ...... it rain very often in Ireland?
1 You need more spelling practice. (reading)
................................................................... a
................................................................... b
2 My dad reads the newspaper every day. (a book)
................................................................... a
................................................................... b
3 I study on Saturdays. (Sundays)
................................................................... a
................................................................... b
4 Mark goes to karate lessons. (piano)
................................................................... a
................................................................... b
8. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in
simple present perfect tense.
1) Mark (eat) _______ ________ dinner already. He is not
hungry.
2) Beth (write) _______ ________ three letters today. She misses
her family.
3) Yoko and Armand (take) _______ ________ the test. Now
they
can relax.
4) Marty and I (be) _______ ________ to Costa Rica three times.
We are familiar with the culture.
5) I (drink) _______ _______ six cups of water today.
6) Eva (sing) _______ ________ in a chorus before. Her voice is
pretty.
7) Chong-Li (get) _______ ________ very good at speaking En-
glish. She has
practiced a lot.
8) Lucy (hide) _______ ________ in the woods. Now her friends
will try to find her.
9) It (be) _______ ________ a good week so far.
10) You (show) ________ _________ that you are a hard worker.
Good job!
11. Put the phrases into Present Perfect.
1) they clean - _____________________________________
2) you finish - _____________________________________
3) she plays - _____________________________________
4) she doesn't know - _______________________________
5) you bought - _____________________________________
6) I run - _____________________________________
7) he finds - _____________________________________
8) we don't forget - _______________________________
9) we sing - _____________________________________
10) it rains - _____________________________________
12. Negate the sentences.
1) They have gone to the park.
___________________________________________
2) She has done the shopping.
___________________________________________
3) The twins have broken the window.
___________________________________________
4) I have learned new words.
___________________________________________
5) Patsy has cut her finger.
___________________________________________
6) We have seen the film.
___________________________________________
7) Anne has lost her mobile phone.
___________________________________________
8) They have stolen the lipstick.
___________________________________________
9) Sam has built a tree house.
___________________________________________
10) Jeff has made pizza.
___________________________________________
14. for or since?
1) __________ two hours
2) __________ Christmas
3) __________ a long time
4) __________ 1997
5) __________ five years
6) __________ 12 o'clock
7) __________ I was three years old
8) __________ years
9) __________ Sunday
10) __________ a few minutes
9.Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb
in simple present perfect tense
1) I (visit) _______ ________ Australia before.
2) You (visit) _______ ________ Mexico before.
3) We (visit) _______ ________ Canada before.
4) They (visit) _______ ________ China before.
5) He (visit) _______ ________ Africa before
6) She (visit) _______ ________ India before.
7) It (visit) _______ ________ Europe before.
10.Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the
verb in simple present perfect tense
1) Our company (arrive) ______ ________. Please answer
the door.
2) The ice on the sidewalk (melt) _______ ________. I think
the sun is out today.
3) The McMillans (prepare) _______ _________ a lot of
food for the party. It looks delicious.
4) Tony’s flight from New Jersey (land) _______ ________.
We should see him any minute.
5) The bank officers (suggest) _______ _________ that the
meeting be scheduled for
Wednesday morning. I will try to locate a conference room.
6) Sparky (taste) _______ ________ his new dog food, and
he seems to like it.
7) The police (arrest) _______ ________ two men for the
robbery. It is time to question them.
8) The medicine (cure) _______ ________ William’s illness.
It seems miraculous.
4. Write the past participle of these verbs.
1. write _________________________
2. wash _________________________
3. forget ________________________
4. break ________________________
5. make _
13. Which answers are correct?
1) Which verb forms are Present Perfect?
a) had
b) has
c) had had
d) has had
e) have had
2) Which verb forms are used to form the Present Perfect?
a) Infinitiv + -ed
b) had + Infinitiv + -ed
c) had + past participle
d) has + past participle
e) have + Infinitiv + -ed
f) have + past participle
3) What are typical signal words for the Present Perfect?
a) already
b) at the moment
c) ever
d) just
e) usually
f) last night
g) yet
15. Which answer is correct? 16. Read this newspaper article and complete the tasks
1) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly? below.
a) I has bought a new computer.
b) I have bought a new computer.
c) I have buyed a new computer.

2) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?

a) We has left for Edinburgh.
b) We have leaved for Edinburgh.
c) We have left for Edinburgh.

3) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?

a) Emily has losed her handbag.
b) Emily has lost her handbag.
c) Emily have lost her handbag.

4) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?

a) He has forgotten his homework.
b) He has forgetted his homework.
c) He have forgotten his homework.

5) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?

a) The lesson has just began.
b) The lesson has just begun. 1. There are five examples of the present perfect in the ar-
c) The lesson have just begun. ticle. The first one is underlined. Underline four more.
2. How is the present perfect formed?
6) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?
a) Liam has drawed a picture.
b) Liam has drawn a picture. 17. Complete these questions with the past participles
c) Liam have drawn a picture. of the verbs in the box. Then answer the questions.
7) In which sentence is the Present Perfect used correctly?
be eat find fly meet ride
a) They has met at the airport. Have you ever . . .
b) They have meeted at the airport. 1. on television? _______________________________
c) They have met at the airport. 2. a horse? _____________________________________
8) In which question is the Present Perfect used correctly?
3. Indian food?___________________________________
a) Have you had spaghetti for lunch? 4. a famous person?_______________________________
b) Has you had spaghetti for lunch? 5. in a helicopter?_______________________________
c) Had you had spaghetti for lunch? 6. money in the street?__________________________
9) In which question is the Present Perfect used correctly?
a) Where has you gone? 18. Use the words and phrases to write information
b) Where have you goed? questions in the present perfect.
c) Where have you gone? 1. How long / you / be / out of college?
10) In which question is the Present Perfect used correctly? how long have you been out of college?
a) Has you ever seen an eagle? 2. Where / you / travel / to?
b) Have you ever saw an eagle? _________________________________________
c) Have you ever seen an eagle? 3. How many people / she / invite?
_________________________________________
4. Who / be / to China?
_________________________________________
5. Why / you / choose / that book?
_________________________________________
6. How long / Larry / live / there?
_________________________________________
7. What / you / prepare / for lunch?
_________________________________________
8. How much money / you / spend / this week?
______________________________________
19. Choose the best answer to complete each sen- 20. There are nine errors in these paragraphs. The first
tence. one has been corrected. Find and correct eight more.
1. She’s been a teacher all her life, _______________
a. and she loved her job
b. and she loves her job
2. I’ve traveled in Europe a lot, and in 2001 _______
a. I’ve gone to Africa
b. I went to Africa
3. I’ve had that car for five years,_______________
a. and it never breaks down
b. and I sold it
4. We haven’t eaten at the Greek restaurant yet, ____
a. so we tried it last night
b. so we want to try it soon
5. We haven’t solved the problem yet,____________
a. so we gave up
b. but we aren’t giving up
6. Pedro is one of my best friends;______________
a. I’ve known him for a long time
b. I knew him for a long time

21. On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph about your travel experiences. Use the present perfect or
the simple past as needed.
1. In your first few sentences, describe your travel experience in general.
2. In the rest of the paragraph, describe one or more trips in particular.
Use the questions below to help you write your paragraph:
• How many countries or cities have you visited?
• Have you visited any places more than once?
• Where did you go on a recent trip?
• Think of places you haven’t visited. Which ones would you like to visit?
Los pronombres demostrativos
• son this / that / these / those y los usamos para identificar a quién o qué nos estamos refiriendo
• usamos this y these cuando algo está cerca
This is my friend. These are my brothers.
Este es mi amigo. Estos son mis hermanos.
• usamos that y those cuando algo queda lejos
That is my bike. Those are my sisters.
Esa es mi bici. Esas son mis hermanas.
Los pronombres sujeto y los adjetivos posesivos
pronombres sujeto
I you he she it we you they
adjetivos posesivos
my your his her its our your their

• siempre es necesario un sujeto o pronombre sujeto

I’m from Málaga. Am from Málaga.
• you y your sirven para el singular y el plural
Is this your dog? ¿Es este tu perro?
Are these your bikes? ¿Son estas vuestras bicis?
• he y his se refieren a un niño o un hombre
He is in the school. Está en la escuela.
Where is his mother? ¿Dónde está su madre?
• she y her se refieren a una niña o una mujer
She is 12 years old. Tiene 12 años.
Where is her brother? ¿Dónde está su hermano?
• it e its se refieren a un animal o una cosa
It is grey. Es gris.
Its eyes are big. Sus ojos son grandes.
• their se usa para hombres, mujeres, animales
y cosas
These are my cats. Their names are Billy and Bobby.
Estos son mis gatos. Se llaman Billy y Bobby.
El posesivo ’s
• un apóstrofo + s (’s) indica posesión
My friend’s house. La casa de mi amigo.
• ponemos ’s detrás de nombres en singular y de nombres en plural no acabados en -s
My sister’s name. El nombre de mi hermana.
The children’s toys. Los juguetes de los niños.
• detrás de sustantivos en plural y nombres propios acabados en -s solo usamos el apóstrofo (’)
The boys’ room. La habitación de los chicos.
James’ book. El libro de James.

be: afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa

afirmativa forma contraída • usamos be para expresar la nacionalidad, edad y
I am I’m procedencia de las personas
I’m British. Soy británico/a.
You are You’re She’s 13 years old. Tiene 13 años.
He is He’s We’re / You’re / They’re from Liverpool.
She is She’s Nosotros somos / Vosotros sois / Ellos son de
It is It’s Liverpool.
We are We’re
You are You’re
They are They’re
 negativa forma contraída • para formar la negativa, usamos not
She isn’t (is not) English. No es inglesa.
I am not I’m not
• en la conversación y en los textos informales
You are not You aren’t solemos usar las formas contraídas
He is not He isn’t
She is not She isn’t
It is not It isn’t
We are not We aren’t
You are not You aren’t
They are not They aren’t

preguntas y respuestas breves

• el orden de las palabras cambia dependiendo de
Am I English? si la oración es enunciativa o interrogativa
Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Emily is English. Emily es inglesa.
Are you English? Is Emily English? ¿Emily es inglesa?
Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Is he / she / it … ?
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
Are we / you / they … ?
Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t.