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Cow Dung- is also known as cow manure; cow’s faeces

Saw dust - are fine particles (as of wood) made by a saw in cutting.

Charcoal- a porous black solid, consisting of an amorphous form of carbon, obtained as a

residue when wood, bone, or other organic matter is heated in the absence of air.

Flammability- is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion

Biofuel- a fuel derived from living matter.

Combustion- is the process of burning something.

Carbon footprint- the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due

to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, et cetera.

Methane- is a colorless, odorless flammable gas that is the main constituent of natural

gas. It is the simplest member of the alkane series of hydrocarbons.

This study focuses on the capability of cow manure with sawdust as an alternative

to charcoal.

 To find an alternative source of heat energy by replacing charcoal with cow

manure and sawdust

 To determine if the cow manure and sawdust can replace charcoal’s efficacy

in producing heat
 To provide a research about cow manure and sawdust that aims to replace

charcoal

This study is only conducted on a certain amount of cow manure and sawdust

 To identify the exact amount of cow manure and sawdust that burns the

longest

 To find out how flammable cow manure is if mixed with sawdust

 To know the capabilities of cow manure with sawdust as an alternative to

charcoal

Nowadays, different fields use charcoals for various reason, such in art, medicine,

purification and filtration, environmental implication, et cetera, but individuals are

commonly use charcoal as a source of fuel for cooking. Charcoals are made by cooking

wood in a low oxygen environment, a process that can take days and burns off volatile

compounds. In commercial processing, the burning takes place in large concrete or steel

silos with very little oxygen, and stops before it all turns to ash. The process leaves black

lumps and powder, about 25% of the original weight. It undergo into combustion process

to produce energy. Combustion process always produces carbon dioxide and water.

However, Wood is necessary material to create a charcoal, It undergoes into a

various process as mentioned, which some of it have the probability to harm the laborer.

Since wood is necessary to create a charcoal, cutting trees is also a process to obtain the

outcome. Cutting trees frequently may create negative effects on the environment as well

as to all living organism. When a trees are cut down, not only does carbon absorption

cease, but also the carbon stored in the trees is released into the atmosphere as carbon
dioxide if the wood is burned or even if it is left to rot after the deforestation process

because its content is made up of carbon. Trees required several years to be fully

matured. Hence, the materials needed for creating charcoals are finite.

The researchers have found that cow manure with saw dust has the capability of

producing a much outcome as charcoals. Cow manure is potentially strong candidate for

clean energy, which is biofuel, because it has methane gas content. Since Saw dust is a

good flammable material, the researchers mixed the two variables to create an innovated

byproduct. Cow manure with saw dust can produce energy by using the methane gas

content of cow manure and prolong the flammability by the help of saw dust. Cow

manure is byproduct of cows and saw dust is byproduct of woodworking operation.

Hence, this product will not produce any consequences since the sources are waste

products and it is a biofuel.

The researchers come up to this idea to fix various problems regarding to

deforestation and high carbon footprint. Cow manure with saw dust may help the

community to afford eco-friendly and lowered price fuel if not, free without harming

neither themselves nor the surroundings, also, to use waste materials for creating an

innovated products.

Bismarck first got the idea to make paper from manure after seeing goats graze on

dry grass in a small village in Crete. As he watched the plant matter go in, he wondered if

that same matter wouldn't be suitable for making paper once it came out the other end.

Today most paper is made by grinding down raw wood into nanocellulose, a process that

takes a lot of power. The cellulose in dung has already been chewed and worn down by
acid and enzymes in the animal's digestive system, cutting out the need for all that

grinding.( http://mentalfloss.com/article/537113/cow-manure-and-elephant-dung-could-

be-used-make-paper-future).

Following Bismarck's goat manure–inspired revelation, he and his team began

working with waste from horses, cows, and now elephants. Thanks to cattle farms and

elephant parks around the world, this material is an abundant sustainable resource. The

dung they collect is treated with a sodium hydroxide solution to remove lignin, the glue

that holds cellulose fibers together (and can also be used as fuel). From there, they filter

out other impurities like proteins and dead cells and bleach whatever's left with sodium

hypochlorite to create a pure, white pulp that's ready to be made into paper.

The research team is currently exploring potential applications for the material.

For now, they say it could be used as reinforcement for polymer composites or as filters

for wastewater. It can also be made into paper for writing, though it may be a while until

you see notebooks made from elephant dung at your local office supply store.

This research study, is still a research not yet conducted by any other school or

researcher, thus, this research is conducted to find out the capability of cow manure and

sawdust. This means that there will be little to nothing of a support to this research as

there are only few other topics that can be related to this.
The researchers look for a better alternative to charcoal. Cow manure is a waste

product and so is saw dust. Researchers thought that when the two waste products are

combined it can replace charcoal and

The main purpose of the study is to find an alternative source of heat energy by

replacing charcoal with cow manure and sawdust it is because charcoals are a finite

resources and it is used every day, thus, the researchers aim to create a product with

longer burning time than ordinary charcoal. It is also to lessen deforestation as the

charcoal is made from burnt trees, and instead of using materials which can still be used,

the researchers planned that waste materials such as cow manure and sawdust may form a

useful product such as charcoal.

This study tried to answer the following questions:

 Is cow manure and sawdust capable of replacing charcoal for the production

of heat energy?

 Is the burning time of cow manure longer than charcoal?

 Does the amount of cow manure and sawdust affect the amount of heat

produced?

 Does the sawdust help in increasing the flammability of the alternative

charcoal?

First, collect cow manure and sawdust then put into a container for mixing. Mix

thoroughly and let it dry. Burn the mixture to form a product made from cow manure and

sawdust as an alternative for charcoal.


 This study hopes to show cow manure and sawdust charcoal have longer burning

time than ordinary charcoal.

 This study hopes to show cow manure and sawdust can replace charcoal’s

efficacy in producing heat.

 This study hopes to show an alternative source of heat energy from cow manure

and saw dust.

The cow manure and sawdust charcoal can be used to lessen greenhouse effect and it

helps to eliminate harmful ammonia gas and pathogens. The cow manure mixed with

sawdust will be produced as low budget charcoal for the people who want to save more

money. The cow manure and sawdust charcoal helps to decrease the deforestation just to

make charcoal. With the help of this study the amount of carbon dioxide release from

making ordinary charcoal is lessen.

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