EXPERIMENT-4

AIM: Study of fuel and air circuit of a petrol engine.

APPARARUS: Carburetor

CARBURETOR:
Carburetor is a device which supplies correct air/fuel mixture to the engine cylinder according to
the required conditions. It works on the principle of pressure difference. When the low pressure
created in the cylinder it tends to suck the A/F mixture which is supplied from the carburetor.

WORKING:

1. Air flows into the top of the carburetor from the car's air intake, passing through a filter
that cleans it of debris.
2. When the engine is first started, the choke (blue) can be set so it almost blocks the top of
the pipe to reduce the amount of air coming in (increasing the fuel content of the mixture
entering the cylinders).
3. In the center of the tube, the air is forced through a narrow kink called a venture. This
makes it speed up and causes its pressure to drop.
4. The drop in air pressure creates suction on the fuel pipe (right), drawing in fuel (orange).
5. The throttle (green) is a valve that swivels to open or close the pipe. When the throttle is
open, more air and fuel flows to the cylinders so the engine produces more power and the
car goes faster.
6. The mixture of air and fuel flows down into the cylinders.
7. Fuel (orange) is supplied from a mini-fuel tank called the float-feed chamber.
 8. As the fuel level falls, a float in the chamber falls and opens a valve at the top.
9. When the valve opens, more fuel flows in to replenish the chamber from the main gas
tank. This makes the float rise and closes the valve again.

MPFI (Multi point fuel injection) System

MPFI means Multi Point Fuel Injection This technology is used in Petrol Engine.

Conventional Petrol engine uses Carburetor to mix air and fuel. It is very less response to
acceleration and deceleration.

The Main problem in carburetor is Due to increasing strict environmental regulations in

automobile industry it is required to meet very strict emission norms. Hence Electronic Fuel
Injection is used to reduce that problem.

Fuel Injector is used in this type of petrol engines. Instead of single hole in injector, multiple
holes are used to produce more swirls in combustion chamber. Generally Fuel Injectors are fixed
in the Throat of the Intake Manifold.

Designing of carburetor can be done only by fixed parameters like Valve timing, Valve opening,
Inlet valve area, Manifold pressure, Manifold design, Throttle opening, etc.,

Some variable parameters can affect the function of carburetor like air temperature, ambient air
pressure. Hence Proper air fuel ratio can’t find in carburetor.

MPFI also consider the Variable parameters and alter the injection timing.