Chapter 8
Stress Busting in Middle and Late
Adolescence
Dr. Hans Selye
- an endocrinologist, who made the first
scientific study on stress to refer to the body’s
reaction to perceived threats or tension that
affects our body’s homeostasis.
- “Father of Stress Research”
- According to Selye, “when we are face with a
stressful situation, our body reacts in an attempt
to adjust to it”.
- “Stress is not what happens to you, but how
you react to it.”
Adrenaline – If stress continues to affect our
balance, we produce adrenaline which causes
our hearts to be beat faster and mobilize our
body to do something. This sets the stage for
“fight or flight” reaction.
Dr. Hans Selye developed a model to explain
this bodily response called the:
General Adaptation Syndrome.
1. The Alarm Phase - You recognize the
stressor. The nervous system is activated.
2. The Resistance Phase - Being able to
handle stress or adapt to the situation,
you are able to restore a sense of balance
once again. Your body is still in a state of
arousal to resist any effects of stress in
you.
3. The Exhaustion Phase – If the stressful
situation persists and you are no longer
able o neither adjust nor hold up.
Burnout, fatigue, dysfunction, or health
problems can occur.
Eustress - It can enhance the body’s ability to be
alert, to focus, or to prepare the body to perform
well under pressure.
Distress – If stress remains consistent, tension
builds up with the adrenaline taking over for a
sustained period of time, wherein we feel the
negative effects.
Another way of understanding stress is by
taking it as a two-way process involving the
environment (stressor) and the person’s way of
looking at the situation (appraisal).
Richard Lazarus
- psychologist, considered stress perceived
threat, harm, or challenge believed to affect the
individual and carries future implications.
- He developed the theory of cognitive appraisal
which explains how an individual responds to
stress.
1. Primary Appraisal – You think about its
meaning or importance. In short, you
consider its personal meaning.
2. Secondary Appraisal – This involves
how you cope with the stressful
situation.
In China, there is no direct translation for
the word “stress”. The closest word
apparently is “crisis” which is written in two
characters.
The upper character means danger and
below represents opportunity.
Common Stressors
1. Work/Studies - academic requirements,
tests, projects, deadlines, overtime
2. Money - tuition fees, “baon”, everyday
expences, bills,
3. Relationships - conflicts, arguments,
frustrations with family, friends and
significant others, peer pressure
4. Time - lack of time
5. Environment - pollution, problem with
transportation, traffic, flooding
6. Adapting to change - adjustment with
new things, changes
7. Unexpected events - accidents, natural
disasters like earthquake, tsunami
Stress Reactions
1. Physical – ex. headaches, joint pains,
tiredness, breathing difficulty, numbness
2. Emotional – ex. unhappiness, depression,
irritability, anxiety, frustration
3. Behavioral – ex. restlessness, alcohol
drinking, tardiness, difficulty in sleeping,
absenteeism
“There is more to life than increasing its speed.”
-Mahatma Gandhi
“Think of all the beauty still left around you and
be happy.” - Anne Frank
“A shift in your perspective makes the particles
in your universe dance to new possibilities.” -
The After of Billy Fingers
“The Best and safest thing is to keep balance in
your life. Acknowledge the great powers around
us and in us. If you can do that, and live that
way, you really are a wise man.” – Euripides
Specific Strategies to Handle Stress
1. Take Care of Your Health
2. Physical Activities
3. Relaxation Exercises
 Diaphragmatic Breathing or
Abdominal Breathing
 Finding Your Inner Smiles
 Laughter Therapy
“Laugh and the world laughs with
you. Weep and you weep alone” -
Ella Wheeler Wilcox
 Develop Time Management Plan
4. Identifying Support Group
Chapter 9
Expressing Emotions -What’s Your EQ
Emotion
 A conscious mental reaction (as anger or
fear) subjectively experience as a strong
feeling usually directed toward a specific
object and typically accompanied by
physiological and behavioral changes in
the body (Merriam-Webster)
 A natural instinctive state of mind
derived from one’s circumstances, mood,
or relationships with others (Oxford)
Aspects of Emotion
1.) Cognitive Aspect – refers to your
evaluation of the event or situation. It is
your personal interpretation: it is
subjective.
2.) Physical Aspect – is what goes on inside
your body. It is physiological. In the
language of psychologists, it is an
autonomic arousal or response.
3.) Behavioral Aspect – is the outward
expression of emotion. Being surprised
might lead you to drop your jaw, widen
your eyes, or scream.
Four Components of Emotion
1. Feeling component
 Emotions are subjective feelings
 Make us feel in a particular way.
 Anger or joy.
 Meaning and personal significance.
 Vary in intensity and quality.
 Rooted in mental processes
(labeling).
2. Bodily Arousal
 Biological activation.
 Autonomic and hormonal systems.
 Prepare and activate adaptive coping
behavior during emotion.
 Body prepared for action.
 Alert posture, clenched fists.
3. Purposive component
 Give emotion its goal-directed force.
 Motivation to take action.
 Cope with emotion-causing
circumstances.
 Why people benefit from emotions.
 Social and evolutionary advantage.
4. Social-Expressive component
 Emotion’s communicative aspect.
 Postures, gestures, vocalizations,
facial expressions make our emotions
public.
 Verbal and nonverbal
communication.
 Helps us interpret the situation.
 How person reacts to event.
Four Branches of Emotional Intelligence
1.) Perceiving Emotions - The first step in
understanding emotions is to accurately
perceive them. In many cases, this might
involve understanding nonverbal signals:
body language and facial expressions.
2. Reasoning with Emotions - The next step
involves using emotions to promote
thinking and cognitive activity. Emotions
help prioritize what we pay attention and
react to; we respond emotionally to
things that garner our attention.
3. Understanding Emotions - The emotions
that we perceive can carry a wide variety
of meanings. If someone is expressing
angry emotions, the observer must
interpret the cause of their anger and
what it might mean.
4.) Managing Emotions - The ability to
manage emotions effectively is a key
part of emotional intelligence.
Regulating emotions, responding
 appropriately and responding to the
Family Function
emotions of others are all important
aspect of emotional management.
Categories of Emotions
1. Primary Emotions - A primary human
emotion types are the one triggered in
response to an event
Primary Emotions: Love, Joy, Anger, Sadness,
Surprise, Fear
2. Secondary Emotions - If we experience
fear, the secondary emotions would be feel
threatened or feel anger, depending on the
situation we are experiencing.
Secondary Emotions: Passion, Optimism,
Irritation, Disgust, Shame, Nervousness
Family Structures
Variety of Emotions
1. Positive Emotions - Positive emotions that
lead one to feel good about one’s self will
lead to an emotionally happy and satisfied
result.
Positive Emotions: Hopeful, Confident,
Peaceful
2. Negative Emotions - Negative emotions
sap your energy and undermine your
effectiveness. In the negative emotional
state, you find the lack of desire to do
anything.
Negative Emotions: Exhausted, Panic,
Obnoxious
Family Experiences
Five Domains of Emotional Intelligence
According to Daniel Goleman
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management
3. Motivation
4. Empathy
5. Social Skills
Chapter 10
Challenges and Turning Points
My Inner Circle – Nurturing Family Ties
According to the Book:
1. Procreation - The family institution
recognized to perform the duty to
procreate.
2. Economic Provision - Caring for the
children includes taking care of their
needs and above the basics: food, shelter,
and clothing.
3. Love - love holds the greatest importance
in the family.
4. Socialization - The family provides
immediate opportunities for the children
to grow through the interactions. Social
interactions build social ties, develop
language and behavior, and promote
learning.
5. Sense of Security - Family offers a stable
relationship.
1. Nuclear Family – The traditional type of
family.
2. Extended Family/Joint Family – The
family is joined in by relatives who live
with them, like grandparents, cousins, or
aunties/uncles.
3. Family with Working Parents
4. Single-Parent Family
5. Blended Family – This setup consists of
a couple wherein one or both of them
have children from a previous marriage
or relationship.
6. Childless Family
7. Common-Law or Domestic Partners –
Live-in or not legally married.
8. Same Sex Partners
a. Authoritarian – Characterized by rigid or
demanding parenting style
b. Permissive – Parents are very giving to
the point of spoiling their children
c. Authoritative – This kind of parenting is
considered balanced
d. Neglectful – Neglectful parents are not
involved in child-rearing

1.) Separation
2.) Traumatic Events
3.) Stresses
4.) Death
Challenges Confronting the Filipino Family
Today
According to the Powerpoint:
 Migration (Local and Foreign)
 (Nuclear) Families have become smaller
 Seasonal Orphans
 Changing Role of Women
 Effects of Mass Media
 Common notion of a Nuclear Family &
Self-Identification
 Family in Crisis (marriage)
Changes in Family Composition
 Emergence of solo parent family
International labor migration impacts on the
family structure and composition
Emergence of:
• Transnational Family – families with members
living in different nation states
• Skip Generation Families – families in which
grandparents raise children and parents are
absent from the household.
sometimes to people with higher position
or status in the society.
2. Pakikisama or Getting along well with
people - The yearning of the Filipinos to
be accepted and well liked by his friends,
colleagues, boss and even relatives steers
them perform pakikisama. The word
pakikisama means helping others. This
trait usually fosters cooperation and
doing good deeds which are favorable to
other people.
3. Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude -
Usually a system of obligation, when
applied it gives duty and responsibility
on the part of the young siblings to serve
and repay the favors done to them sooner
or later.
4. Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya or Putting
importance to family - This implies that a
person will put a high regards and
concerns over the family before anything
else.
5. Hiya or Shame - This controls the social
behaviour of Filipino. It is a value that
makes a Filipino be obedient and be
respectful to parents, older siblings and
authorities. It is
- also a key ingredient to the loyalty of
one’s family.

Nurturing Family Relationships

1. Time
2. Love
3. Commitment

Reciprocity – the practice of exchanging things

with others for mutual benefit, especially
privileges granted by one country or
organization to another
Filipino Family Values
1. Paggalang - It means being respectful or
giving due respect for a person. Filipinos Chapter 11
are accustomed to using the words “po”, My Growing Circle – Building Social
“opo”, and “ho” when they are
conversing with older people or Ties
Giving Feed Back Receiving Feedback
1. Be Clear with 1. Listen well
2. Think carefully
your intention
3. React positively
2. Observe good
4. Be grateful
timing
3. Be kind in your
words
4. Be specific
Social Groups
Social group - refer to two or more people who
interact with one another and refer to
themselves as a social unit.
1. Primary Group – This group is personal
or intimate in nature, the interaction in a
primary group is regular, and the bond
usually lasts for a long time.
2. Secondary Group – This group is task-
oriented, and dynamics is less personal.
The members stay together for a limited
or determined time until tasks are
accomplished.
3. The Norm – This is the reference group
to which you base your assessment.
Peer Relations
1. Friendship – is one of the most important
and meaning full interpersonal
relationships you have.
“Awit ng Barkada” by Apo Hiking Society –
an original Filipino song that talks about
typical shared experiences (pinagsamahan)
among what friends can do for each other
Other timeless songs include “In My Life”
by the Beatles and “I’ll Be There For You”
by the Remembrandts
2. Clique – an exclusive or tight group
whose members interact more intensely
to the relative exclusion of others who
are nonmembers. There is an
acknowledge leader. “Queen Bee” is
atypical label to a leader of a clique with
female members
Social Influence: How Others Affect Us
Social Influence - is a phenomenon that
occurs when behaviors, ways of thinking, or
feelings are affected by others, or vice-versa.
1. Conformity – Conformity is the act of
adjusting your behaviors, opinions, or
beliefs to agree with the prevailing norm
or standard.
2. Compliance – Compliance occurs when
an individual gives in or agrees with the
other person or group even if one holds a
different opinion about the person or
situation.
3. Identification – This takes place when a
respectable, famous, or well-liked person
exerts great influence on others. The
people follow the ways of the popular
figure.
4. Obedience – This is an act of following
authority figures. An individual
conforms to the demands of someone
who exercises influence or power.
Social Roles
A role - set of behaviours, obligations, and
responsibilities that are expected in a given
situation.
Leaders and Followers
Types of Leadership
1. Conservative – This leader is particular
with following procedures.
2. Democratic – This kind of leader focuses
on the goals of the group and attaining
warm fellowships among members of the
group.
3. Task-Oriented – This leader takes group 7. Manages time well
tasks with utmost priority.
4. People-Oriented – This leader is a
nurturer. ____ - person and who he is
5. Situational Leader – This leader carries a
____ - quote
leadership style dependent upon the
given circumstances. ____ - words to remember

____ - definition
Qualities of a Good Leader
____ - to remember in four components of emotion
1. Honesty and Integrity

2. Confidence

3. Inspire Others

4. Commitment and Passion

5. Good Communicator

6. Decision Making Capabilities

7. Accountability

8. Delegation and Empowerment

9. Creativity and Innovation

10. Empathy

Or

 Has integrity
 Has clear vision and goals for the group
 Communicates very well
 Concerned with others’ personal
development and growth
 Effectively motivates, inspires, and
supports the group to work
 Focuses on the groups’ strengths, needs,
and interests

Qualities of a Good Team Player

1. Understands the group’s goals and

expectations.
2. Uses skills and talents that will contribute to
the accomplishment of the given tasks.
3. Cooperates and participates in the assigned
activities.
4. Has genuine concern for the group’s welfare
and effective completion of tasks
5. Promotes camaraderie
6. Observes respect for others