Study of matters and the

Chemistry changes they undergo

Small portion of
Particles matter
Particles Composing
Matter Molecules Atoms Ions

Molecules Atoms Ions

 Composed of  Smallest particle  Particles with
atoms  Smallest charges
 Togetherly component of  Molecule or
bonded group of an element atom with
atoms  Made up of surplus or deficit
 Smallest subatomic of electrons
fundamental particles relative to
unit of a  Electron protons
chemical  Proton  Electron or
compound that  Neutron proton
can take part in  Elementary
a chemical particles
reaction
 States of matter
Separation Movement
solid
liquid
gas
Properties of Matter
According to change involved during
measurement of the property
According to dependence on the
amount of matter
Particle Particle Examples
Closely restricted Iron nail,
packed motion sugar, ice
Far apart free Syrup,
movement alcohol
Very far very free air
apart movement
 Physical property
-no change in composition takes
place during the determination
or measurement
-melting of ice, evaporation of
water
 Chemical property
-a change in composition occurs
during the determination or
measurement
-rusting, digestion
 Extensive property
-change their value when the
amount of matter or substance is
changed
-weight, volume
 Intensive property
-do not change their value when
the amount of matter is changed
-boiling point, density
Matter is classified based on the
number of components present
Pure substances are classified
based on the number of kinds of the uniformity of composition
atoms present
 Elements
-made up of only one kind of
atoms
-Iron, Gold, Mercury
 Compounds
-made up of two or more
kinds of atoms
-salt, sugar, water
-composed of only one
component
-table sugar, table salt, distilled
water, Oxygen gas (in tank)
Mixtures are classified based on
and properties
 Homogeneous mixtures
-has a uniform composition
and exhibits the same
properties in different parts
of the mixture
-rubbing alcohol,
carbonated soft drink,
human breathe
 Heterogeneous mixtures
-has a non-uniform
composition and its
properties vary in different
parts of the mixture
-mixture of water and oil,
mixture of salt and pepper

-composed of several
components

-iodized salt, brown sugar, soft

drinks
Separation methods
Filtration To separate a solid from a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture using a
filtering membrane, like paper or cloth
Distillation To separate a liquid in a homogenous
mixture by continuous cycle of
evaporation and condensation of the
volatile components of the mixture,
which have different boiling points
Simple Distillation To recover water from an aqueous salt
solution
Magnetic separation To separate a magnetic solid from a
heterogeneous mixture
-salt from a mixture of iron and salt
Decantation To separate a solid from a liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture based on
gravity
Sublimation To separate a volatile solid from a non-
volatile solid
Sedimentation To allow the heavier particles to settle
and suspend at the bottom of the
container by stirring it
Evaporation To separate a soluble solid from a
liquid or solvent
-salt from salt water
Chromatography To separate and identify the
components of a mixture by the
different affinities of each component
in a mixture for the stationary and
mobile phases
Series Separation -sedimentation – decantation –
filtration
-dissolution - decantation/filtration -
evaporation