Koordinat Polar

Lanjutan
 Grafik di Koordinat Polar
Grafik koordinat polar
𝜋
𝑟=1 𝜃=
4
𝑟=𝑓 𝜃
𝑟=𝜃
𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
 𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 dapat diubah dalam bentuk 𝑥 dan 𝑦.
𝑟 2 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑦
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦 = 0
2
2
1 1
𝑥 + 𝑦− =
2 4
1
Persamaan lingkaran dengan radius dengan pusat
2
1
lingkaran di 0, pada bidan 𝑥𝑦.
2
𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 di koordinat Cartesian (𝑥, 𝑦)
 𝑟 = cos 2𝜃
Koordinat Cartesian

Koordinat Polar
Tes Simetri
FAMILIES OF LINES AND RAYS
THROUGH THE POLE
FAMILIES OF CIRCLES

𝑎 bervariasi
FAMILIES OF ROSE CURVES

𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive

FAMILIES OF CARDIOIDS AND LIMAÇONS
(Latin: Limax, snail-like creature)
𝑎 and 𝑏
are positive
FAMILIES OF SPIRALS

𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝜃 are positive

SPIRALS IN NATURE
TANGENT LINES, ARC LENGTH,
AND AREA FOR POLAR CURVES
TANGENT LINES TO POLAR CURVES
𝑟 = 𝑓 𝜃 dimana 𝑟 fungsi 𝜃 yang bisa
didiferesiasikan terhadap 𝜃.
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 dan 𝑦 = 𝑟 s𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Sehingga
𝑥 = 𝑓 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑓 𝜃 s𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Jika 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝜃 dan 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝜃 kontinyu, dan jika
𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝜃 ≠ 0
 Contoh 1
Find the slope of the tangent line to the circle
𝑟 = 4 cos 𝜃 at the point where 𝜃 = 𝜋/4.

At 𝜃 = 𝜋/4, the slope of the tangent line is

ARC LENGTH OF A POLAR CURVE
 Contoh 2
Find the arc length of the spiral 𝑟 = 𝑒 𝜃 in Figure below
between 𝜃 = 0 and 𝜃 = 𝜋.
 Contoh 3
Find the total arc length of the cardioid 𝑟 = 1 + cos 𝜃.

1
cos 𝜃 berubah tanda pada 𝜋, jadi integral dibagi 2:
2
0 ke 𝜋 dan 𝜋 ke 2𝜋. Karena simetris, integral dikali2
 AREA IN POLAR COORDINATES
Contoh
AREA IN POLAR COORDINATES
AREA IN POLAR COORDINATES
 Contoh 4
a. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant that is within
the cardioid 𝑟 = 1 − cos 𝜃.
b. Find the entire area within the cardioid
a. First quadrant

b. The entire area within the cardioid

 Contoh 5
Find the area of the region that is inside of the cardioid
𝑟 = 4 + 4 cos 𝜃 and outside of the circle 𝑟 = 6.

The area of the region can be obtained by subtracting the areas

in Figures d and e.
The intersection
 Contoh 5
Figures d - e
 INTERSECTIONS OF POLAR GRAPHS
For example, the cardioids

intersect at three points: the pole, the point (1,

π/2), and the point (1, 3π/2)
 INTERSECTIONS OF POLAR GRAPHS
Equating the right-hand sides of the equations

Substituting any of these values, 𝑟 = 1. So that we have

found only two distinct points of intersection

The pole has been missed. This problem occurs because the
two cardioids pass through the pole at different values of
𝜃—the cardioid 𝑟 = 1 − cos 𝜃 passes through the pole at
𝜃 = 0, and the cardioid 𝑟 = 1 + cos 𝜃 passes through the
pole at 𝜃 = 𝜋.
 The orbits intersect, but the
satellites do not collide.
The situation with the cardioids is analogous to
two satellites circling the Earth in intersecting
orbits. The satellites will not collide unless they
reach the same point at the same time.
 Latihan 1
1. Find the slope of the tangent line to the polar curve for the
given value of 𝜃:𝑟 = 4 − 3 sin 𝜃 at 𝜃 = 𝜋.
2. Calculate the arc length of the polar curve for the entire
circle 𝑟 = 2𝑎 cos 𝜃.
3. Find the area of the shaded region in the figure below.