Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
Name:
Roll Number:
Basic Information 1
Course contents 1
Text/References 1
Course Plan (roughly till the Mid-sem exam) 2
Course Plan (roughly after the Mid-sem exam) 3
Lectures and Tutorials 3
Policy for Attendance 4
Chronological Day versus Teaching Day 4
Extra lectures and tutorials 5
Evaluation Plan 5
Instructors and their coordinates 5
Timings for Lectures and Tutorials 5
Tutorial Sheets: 0-7 7
Tutorial sheet No. 0: Revision material on Real numbers 7
Tutorial Sheet No.1:
Sequences 8
Tutorial Sheet No. 2:
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 10
Tutorial Sheet No. 3:
Rolle’s and Mean Value Theorems, Maximum/Minimum 12
Tutorial Sheet No. 4:
Curve Sketching, Riemann Integration 13
Tutorial Sheet No. 5:
Applications of Integration 15
iii
iv Contents
Text/References
[TF ] G. B. Thomas and R. L. Finney, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 9th
ed., Addison-Wesley/Narosa, 1998.
[GL-1 ] S. R. Ghorpade and B. V. Limaye, A Course in Calculus and Real
Analysis, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2018. [http://www.math.iitb.ac.in/∼srg/acicara2/]
[GL-2 ] S. R. Ghorpade and B. V. Limaye, A Course in Multivariable Calculus
and Analysis, Springer, 2010 (First Indian Reprint, Springer (India), 2010).
[http://www.math.iitb.ac.in/∼srg/acicmc/ ]
[S ] James Stewart, Calculus: Early Transcendentals, 5th Ed., Thompson
Press, 2003 (Second Indian Reprint, 2007).
[HH ] D. Hughes-Hallett et al, Calculus: Single and Multivariable, 4th Ed.,
John Wiley, 2005.
[A ] T. M. Apostol, Calculus, Volume-I,II, Wiley Eastern, 1980.
1
2 Basic Information
Taylor’s Theorems
Exponential Function
TOTAL 17 Lectures
Lectures and Tutorials 3
TOTAL 18 Lectures
for you to take down notes of each lecture fully. At the same time, the
course will be fast paced. Thus it is extremely important that you remain
attentive in the class and do not miss a lecture. Consult the text book
(and if you wish, the reference books) regularly. Sufficient copies of these
have been kept in the Central Library. Also, be sure to consult the Moodle
(http://moodle.iitb.ac.in/) page of the course regularly, at least once
a week.
For the purpose of tutorials, each division will be divided into 6 batches.
Each batch will be assigned to a “course associate”. The aim of the tutorials
is to clear your doubts and to give you practice for problem solving. Based
on the material covered, certain problems from the tutorial sheets in this
booklet will be assigned to you each week. You are expected to try the
problems before coming to the tutorial class. In case you have doubts,
please seek the help of your course associate.
In case you miss lectures for valid (medical) reasons, get a medical certificate
from the IIT Hospital and keep it with you. You can produce it if you fall
short of attendance.
Evaluation Plan
1. There will be two quizzes common for all the four divisions. Each quiz
will be of 40 minutes duration and will carry 10% weightage. Syllabi for
Quiz I and Quiz 2 will be announced later in the class. Tentative dates
for the two quizzes are September 6 and October 25, 2019.
2. The Mid-Semester examination, scheduled to be held during the week
of September 16-20, 2019 will be of 30% weightage. The portion for
Mid-Sem examination will be announced later in the class. The End-
Semester Examination, scheduled to be held during 11-22 No-
vember 2019 will be of 40% weightage, and will cover all the topics.
3. At the beginning of almost every tutorial, there will be a short
quiz based on the material covered in the previous tutorial hour. These
quizzes together will have a 10% weightage. Approximately 12 such
quizzes will be conducted during the semester of which we will consider
best 10, each of weight 1%. There will be no make-up quiz for these under
any circumstances.
7
8 Tutorial Sheets: 0-7
3. Show that
the following sequences are not
convergent :
n2
1 1
(i) (ii) (−1)n −
n + 1 n≥1 2 n n≥1
4. Determine
whether the sequences are increasing or decreasing :
n
(i)
n2 + 1
n n n≥1
2 3
(ii)
5n+1 n≥1
1−n
(iii)
n2 n≥2
5. Prove that the following sequences are convergent by showing that they
are monotone and bounded.
Also
find their limits :
1 2
(i) a1 = 1, an+1 = an + ∀n≥1
√ 2 an
√
(ii) a1 = 2, an+1 = 2 + an ∀ n ≥ 1
an
(iii) a1 = 2, an+1 = 3 + ∀n≥1
2
6. If lim an = L, find the following : lim an+1 , lim |an |
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞
Tutorial Sheet No.1: Sequences 9
lim [f (α + h) − f (α − h)] = 0.
h→0
dy
10. Compute , given
dx
2x − 1 0
y=f and f (x) = sin(x2 ).
x+1
Optional Exercises:
11. Construct an example of a function f : R → R which is continuous every
where and is differentiable everywhere except at 2 points.
1, if x is rational,
12. Let f (x) =
0, if x is irrational.
Show that f is discontinuous at every c ∈ R.
13. (Optional)
x, if x is rational,
Let g(x) =
1 − x, if x is irrational.
Show that g is continuous only at c = 1/2.
14. (Optional)
Let f : (a, b) → R, α ∈ R and c ∈ (a, b) be such that lim f (x) > α. Prove
x→c
that there exists some δ > 0 such that
f (c + h) > α for all 0 < |h| < δ.
(See also question 7 of Tutorial Sheet 1.
15. (Optional) Let f : (a, b) → R and c ∈ (a, b). Show that the following
are equivalent :
(i) f is differentiable at c.
(ii) There exist δ > 0 and a function 1 : (−δ, δ) → R such that lim 1 (h) = 0 and
h→0
f (c + h) = f (c) + αh + h1 (h) for all h ∈ (−δ, δ).
(iii) There exists α ∈ R such that
|f (c + h) − f (c) − αh|
lim = 0.
h→0 |h|
12 Tutorial Sheets: 0-7
n
X n
(ii) Sn =
i2 + n2
i=1
n
X 1
(iii) Sn = √
i=1
in + n2
n
1X iπ
(iv) Sn = cos
n n
i=1
n 2n 3/2 3n
( 2 )
1 X i X i X i
(v) Sn = + +
n n n n
i=1 i=n+1 i=2n+1
8. Compute Z y
d2 y dt
(a) 2
, if x = √
dx 0 1 + t2
Z 2x Z x2
dF
(b) , if for x ∈ R (i) F (x) = cos(t2 )dt (ii) F (x) = cos(t)dt.
dx 1 0
9. Let p be a real number and let f be a continuous function on R that
satisfies the equation f (x + p) = f (x) for all x ∈ R. Show that the integral
Z a+p
f (t)dt has the same value for every real number a. (Hint : Consider
a Z a+p
F (a) = f (t)dt, a ∈ R.)
a
10. Let f : R → R be continuous and λ ∈ R, λ 6= 0. For x ∈ R, let
1 x
Z
g(x) = f (t) sin λ(x − t)dt.
λ 0
00 0
Show that g (x) + λ2 g(x) = f (x) for all x ∈ R and g(0) = 0 = g (0).
Tutorial Sheet No. 5: Applications of Integration 15
xy
(i) (ii) ln(x2 + y 2 )
x2
− y2
(2) Describe the level curves and the contour lines for the following functions
corresponding to the values c = −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 :
(i) f (x, y) = x − y (ii) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 (iii) f (x, y) = xy
(3) Using definition, examine the following functions for continuity at (0, 0).
The expressions below give the value at (x, y) 6= (0, 0). At (0, 0), the value
should be taken as zero:
x3 y x2 − y 2
(i) (ii) xy (iii) ||x| − |y|| − |x| − |y|.
x6 + y 2 x2 + y 2
(4) Suppose f, g : R → R are continuous functions. Show that each of the
following functions of (x, y) ∈ R2 are continuous:
(i) f (x) ± g(y) (ii) f (x)g(y) (iii) max{f (x), g(y)}
(iv) min{f (x), g(y)}.
(5) Let
x2 y 2
f (x, y) = for (x, y) 6= (0, 0).
x2 y 2 + (x − y)2
Show that the iterated limits
h i
lim lim f (x, y) and lim lim f (x, y)
x→0 y→0 y→0 x→0
exist and both are equal to 0, but lim f (x, y) does not exist.
(x,y)→(0,0)
(6) Examine the following functions for the existence of partial derivatives
at (0, 0). The expressions below give the value at (x, y) 6= (0, 0). At (0, 0),
the value should be taken as zero.
x2 − y 2
(i) xy 2
x + y2
sin2 (x + y)
(ii)
|x| + |y|
(7) Let f (0, 0) = 0 and
1
f (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 ) sin for (x, y) 6= (0, 0).
x2 + y2
Show that f is continuous at (0, 0), and the partial derivatives of f exist
but are not bounded in any disc (howsoever small) around (0, 0).
Tutorial Sheet No. 6: Functions of two variables, Limits, Continuity 17
19
20 Answers: Tutorial Sheets 0-7
(5) Hint: In each case, use induction on n to show that {an } is bounded and
monotonic.
√ The limits are:
(i) 2, (ii) 2, (iii) 6.
(7) Hint: Consider = L/2.
(9) Both the statements are False.
(ii) Level curves do not exist for c ≤ −1. It is just a point for c = 0 and
are concentric circles for c = 1, 2, 3, 4. Contours are the sections of
paraboloid of revolution z = x2 + y 2 by z = c, i.e., concentric circles
in the plane z = c.
(iii) Level curves are rectangular hyperbolas. Branches are in first and
third quadrant for for c > 0 and in second and fourth quadrant for
c < 0. For c = 0 it is the union of x-axis and y-axis.
(3) (i) Discontinuous at (0, 0)
(ii) Continuous at (0, 0)
(iii) Continuous at (0, 0)
(6) (i) fx (0, 0) = 0 = fy (0, 0).
(ii) f is continuous at (0, 0). Both fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) do not exist.
22 Answers: Tutorial Sheets 0-7
(2) Evaluate
Z π Zthe following
integrals
π
sin y
(i) dy dx
y
Z0 1 Z x1
2 xy
(ii) x e dx dy
0 y
Z 2
(iii) (tan−1 πx − tan−1 x)dx.
0
ZZ
2
(3) Find f (x, y)d(x, y), where f (x, y) = ex and D is the region bounded
D
by the lines y = 0, x = 1 and y = 2x.
(4) Evaluate the integral
ZZ
(x − y)2 sin2 (x + y)d(x, y),
D
where D is the parallelogram with vertices at (π, 0), (2π, π), (π, 2π) and
(0, π).
23
24 Tutorial sheets 8-14
(5) Let D be the region in the first quadrant of the xy-plane bounded
Z Z by the
hyperbolas xy = 1, xy = 9 and the lines y = x, y = 4x. Find d(x, y)
ZZ D
u
by transforming it to d(u, v), where x = , y = uv, v > 0.
E v
(6) Find ZZ
2 +y 2 )
lim e−(x d(x, y),
r→∞ D(r)
where D(r) equals:
(i) {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x2 + y 2 ≤ r2 }.
(ii) {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x2 + y 2 ≤ r2 , x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0}.
(iii) {(x, y) ∈ R2 : |x| ≤ r, |y| ≤ r}.
(iv) {(x, y) ∈ R2 : 0 ≤ x ≤ r, 0 ≤ y ≤ r}.
(7) Find the volume common to the cylinders x2 + y 2 = a2 and x2 + z 2 = a2
using double integral over a region in the plane. (Hint: Consider the part
in the first octant.)
p
(8) Express the solid D = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1} as
C x2 + y 2
where C is the curve x2 + y 2 = a2 traversed once in the counter clockwise
direction.
(10) Calculate I
ydx + zdy + xdz
C
where C is the intersection of two surfaces z = xy and x2 +y 2 = 1 traversed
once in a direction that appears counter clockwise when viewed from high
above the xy-plane.
Tutorial Sheet No. 10: Line integrals and applications 27
(iii) R is the disc of radius 2 and center (0, 0) (specify the orientation you
use for the curve.)
(3) For a simple closed curve given in polar coordinates show using Green’s
theorem that the area enclosed is given by
I
1
A= r2 dθ.
2 C
Use this to compute the area enclosed by the following curves:
(i) The cardioid: r = a(1 − cos θ), 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π; .
(ii) The lemniscate: r2 = a2 cos 2θ, ; −π/4 ≤ θ ≤ π/4.
(4) Find the area of the following regions:
(i) The area lying in the first quadrant of the cardioid r = a(1 − cos θ).
(ii) The region under one arch of the cycloid
r = 1 − 2 cos θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2
(9) Recall
Z Z the Green’s Identities:
I
∂w
(i) ∇2 w dxdy = ds.
R ∂R ∂n
ZZ I
2 ∂w
(ii) [w∇ w + ∇w · ∇w] dxdy = w ds.
R ∂R ∂n
I ZZ
∂w ∂v
(iii) v −w ds = (v∇2 w − w∇2 v) dxdy.
∂R ∂n ∂n R
(ii)
x2 ydx − x3 dy
I
,
C (x2 + y 2 )2
where C is the square with vertices (±1, ±1).
(iii) Let C be a smooth simple closed curve lying in the annulus 1 <
x2 + y 2 < 2. Find
I
∂(ln r) ∂(ln r)
dx − dy.
C ∂y ∂x
32 Tutorial sheets 8-14
(1) Consider the vector field F = (x − y)i + (x + z)j + (y + z)k. Verify Stokes
theorem for F where S is the surface of the cone: z 2 = x2 + y 2 intercepted
by: (a) x2 + (y − a)2 + z 2 = a2 : z ≥ 0, (b) x2 + (y − a)2 = a2
(2) Evaluate using Stokes Theorem, the line integral
I
yz dx + xz dy + xy dz
C
where C is the curve of intersection of x2 + 9y 2 = 9 and z = y 2 + 1 with
clockwise orientation when viewed from the origin.
(3) Compute ZZ
(curl v) · ndS
S
where v = yi + xz 3 j − zy 3 k and n is the outward unit normal to S, the
surface of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 4 between z = 0 and z = −3.
H
(4) Compute C v · dr for
−yi + xj
v= 2 ,
x + y2
where C is the circle of unit radius in the xy plane centered at the origin
and oriented clockwise. Can the above line integral be computed using
Stokes Theorem?
(5) Compute
I
(y 2 − z 2 )dx + (z 2 − x2 )dy + (x2 − y 2 )dz,
C
where C is the curve cut out of the boundary of the cube
0 ≤ x ≤ a, 0 ≤ y ≤ a, 0 ≤ z ≤ a
by the plane x + y + z = 23 a (specify the orientation of C.)
I
(6) Calculate ydx + zdy + xdz, where C is the intersection of the surface
C
bz = xy and the cylinder x2 + y 2 = a2 , oriented counter clockwise as
viewed from a point high upon the positive z-axis.
(7) Consider a plane with unit normal ai + bj + ck. For a closed curve C lying
in this plane, show that the area enclosed by C is given by
I
1
A(C) = (bz − cy)dx + (cx − az)dy + (ay − bx)dz,
2 C
where C is given the anti-clockwise orientation. Compute A(C) for the
curve C given by u cos t + v sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.
Tutorial Sheet No. 14: Divergence theorem and its applications 35
(8) Let u = −x3 i+(y 3 +3z 2 sin z)j+(ey sin z+x4 )k and S be the portion of the
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 with z ≥ 21 and n is the unitZnormal
Z with positive
z-component. Use Divergence theorem to compute (∇ × u) · n dS.
S
(9) Let p denote the distance from the origin to the tangent plane at the
x2 y 2 z 2
point (x, y, z) to the ellipsoid 2 + 2 + 2 = 1. Prove that
ZZ a b c
(a) p dS = 4πabc.
ZZS
1 4π 2 2
(b) dS = (b c + c2 a2 + a2 b2 )
S p 3abc
(10) Interpret Green’s theorem as a divergence theorem in the plane.
Answers to Tutorial
Sheets 8-14
(3) exp(−1)
π4
(4)
3
(5) 8 ln 2
π π
(6) (i) π, (ii) , (iii) π, (iv) .
4 4
16a3
(7)
3
√ √ p
(8) {(x, y, z) : −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, − 1 − x2 ≤ y ≤ 1 − x2 , x2 + y 2 ≤ z ≤ 1}.
√
8 2
(9) . We can also write D as
15 n p √ o
(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : 0 ≤ z ≤ 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ z − y 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ z .
(10) (i) π/3, (ii) 4π(e − 1)/3.
37
38 Answers to Tutorial Sheets 8-14
ru × rv = cos u x + sin u y .
(3) 2a2 (π − 2).
(4) (i) S is a portion of a paraboloid of revolution.
(ii) ru × rv = −2u2 (cos v i + sin v j) + uk
(iii) n = 6.
2π √
(5) (3 3 − 1)a2 .
3
(7) 12 .
(8) 0.
2π
(9) .
3
2π
(10) .
3
Z Z Z Z Z
abc
(2) F · ndS = div FdV = (a + b + c) .
∂R R 24
(4) 8π.
(6) 3.
(7) 0.
(8) 0.