PUBLIC HEALTH 3 LEVELS OF PREVENTION

- Efficient organized community efforts; community 1. PRIMARY PREVENTION- before health effects occur; wala
standard living adequate for the maintenance of health pang sakit; pinaka strict (banning tabacco use); ex.
[CEA Winslow, 1920] Vaccinations, exercise, proper diet, altering risky
MISSION OF PUBLIC HEALTH behaviors
- fulfilling the interest of the society in a healthy way 2. SECONDARY PREVENTION- baka meron na pero wala pang
[Institute of Medicine] signs; Screening to identify disease at earliest stages;
- maximum benefit for largest number of people [WHO] ex. pap smear, mammography, and regular blood
PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL MEDICAL MODEL pressure testing
 entire population/  curative in nature 3. TERTIARY PREVENTION- managing disease post diagnosis
largest no. of to slow or stop its progression; ex. Chemotherapy,
people rehabilitation and screening for complications
 preventive 3. REHABILITATION
approach - Under tertiary prevention
 more cost - Restoring a person’s social identity [physical,
effective psychological, social, emotional, and vocational abilities]
DISEASE- multi-factorial PROVISION OF HIGH QUALITY REHABILITATION SERVICES
CLINICAL CARE- services offered by medical and allied health IN A COMMUNITY SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
professions 1. Conducting full assessment of people
DETERMINANT- factor 2. Establishing clear care plan
EPIDEMIC- increase of cases of illness in a community, or region 3. Providing measures and services
that is higher than usual (with basis); larger geographical HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH (NOTABLE EVENTS)
distribution of illness 1. ANCIENT SOCIETIES [BEFORE 500 BC]
HEALTH OUTCOME- result a. Indus valley [North India-2000 BC]
INTERVENTION- alter the course of pathologic process b. Drainage systems [Middle kingdom of ancient
PANDEMIC- epidemic but global; attacking the population of an Egypt- 2700-2000 BC]
extensive region, country, or continent ex. H1N1 c. Codes of Hamurabi of Babylon [3900 years ago]
POPULATION HEALTH- improve health of an entire population 2. AROUND 500 BCE
PREVENTION- avoid a. Community sanitation [ancient Greeks and
Romans]
KEY CONCEPTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
3. THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS (1500 BC)
1. HEALTH PROMOTION
a. Guidelines for personal cleanliness
- induce in [goal] change in behaviour of healthy life
b. Sanitation of campsites
choices
c. Disinfection of wells
- empower to decide on their own to choice healthy
d. Isolation of lepers
- feasible, cost-effective (teaching) activities that seeks to
e. Disposal of refuses
increase involvement and control to raise awareness
f. Hygiene of maternity
and enhance individual or community health or lifestyle
4. IN THE CLASSICAL CULTURES (500 BC – 500 AD)
ELEMENTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION
a. Olympics
1. ADDRESSING
b. Sanitation and water wells
2. DIRECTING THE CAUSES
c. Aqueducts
3. UNDERTAKING ACTIVITIES
d. Sewer system
4. PROMOTING FACTORS FOR BETTER CONDITION
e. Street cleaning
5. INICIATING ACTIONS AGAINST HEALTH HAZARDS
f. Infirmaries for slaves
6. INVOLVING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
5. IN THE MIDDLE AGES (500 – 1500 AD)
7. ADVOCATING RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH & SOCIAL
a. Health problems = supernatural
POLICY
powers[pagans], punishments[Christians]
8. ENCOURAGING HEALTH PROFESSIONAL PARTICIPATION
b. Leprosy, Black death [plague], syphilis [14th
2. PREVENTION
century]
- Promote, preserve and restore health
6. THE ERA OF RENAISSANCE AND EXPLORATION (1500 – 1700
AD) 10. 1970
a. Disease were caused by environment ex. a. NIXON Administration- establish Environmental
Malaria= bad air Protection Agency
7. IN THE EIGHTEEN CENTURY 11. TWENTIETH CENTURY
a. Problems of industrialization a. Health resource development [1900-1960]
b. EDWARD JENNER- vaccination against smallpox b. Social engineering [1960- 1973]
[1796] c. Primary health care and market period [1985-
beyond]
12. 1946 WHO founded
13. 1977 WHO= health for all by year 2000
14. 1978 Alma-Ata Conference on Primary Health Care

8. PUBLIC HEALTH ACT OF 1848 WAS ESTABLISHED

15. 1979 WHO declares eradication of smallpox
 Di lang DOH, inter-agency sila like BFAR, DepEd
PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH
9. NINETEENTH CENTURY
a. Industrialization and agricultural development PROBLEM RESPONSE
b. Causes of communicable disease

INTERVENTION EVALUATION
IDENTIFICATION

IMPLEMENTATION
RISK FACTOR
SURVEILLANCE

WHAT IS WHAT IS WHAT HOW DO

Bumamaba cases ng CD THE THE WORKS? YOU DO
kasi namamatay na PROBLEM? CAUSE? IT?
agad; tumataas ang NCD
NCD CD kasi sa lifestyle
past present

c. Luis Pasture’s germ theory [1862]

JOHN SNOW- spot map

PUBLIC HEALTH CORE SUBJECTS
PREVENTION
EFFECTIVEN
ESS

SURVEILLAN EPIDEMIOLO
CE GY

PUBLIC
d. Koch’s Postulate [1876] HEALTH

INFORMATIC LABORATOR
S Y

MAJOR DISCIPLINES IN PUBLIC HEALTH

NUTRITION- food
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH- reproductive system
COMMUNITY HEALTH- program to prolong life
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH- positive behavioural change ex.
Unhealthy diet; unsafe sex
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH- safety workplace; primary
prevention of hazard
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- identify specific biologic,
chemical, social, and physical factors
HEALTH EDUCATION- essential part of health promotion
EPIDEMIOLOGY- study of frequency distribution, and
determinants of diseases and other related states or events
in specified populations; evident health promotion and
prevention and control of health problems
HEALTH ECONOMICS- efficient utilization of economic power
BIOSTATISTICS- statistics to biological problems
HEALTH SERVICE MANAGEMENT- people work harmoniously
to achieve objectives
ECOLOGY- living organism and environment
RESEARCH- deeper knowledge or new facts; systematic
investigation
DEMOGRAPHY- study of population size, density, fertility,
mortality, growth, age distribution, migration, and the
interaction