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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In today’s fast paced working environment, people (motorists) greatly depend on auto
mobiles to commute to their destinations. Automobiles include: motor vehicles, motor bikes,
trucks to mention but a few.

As it is known, the land is becoming less but the population of human is growing day
by day. This scenario is very obvious in modern developed cities like in Cagayan de Oro City.
Therefore, land is very limited and spaces need to be saved in every aspect of life. By building
an automated parking system which allows high space utilization, less space is needed
compared to the conventional car park. This is because in the automated car park, the parking
space can be more compact by having vehicles parked nearer to each other.

This study was conducted for the Cities of the Philippines especially in Cagayan de Oro
who has one of the increasing number of vehicles (LTO) was experiencing a financial crisis
and more than ever motorists needed intelligent parking systems to reduce the cost of gas spent
driving around to find parking. The time spent driving around would be beneficial if used to
do work that would put one at an advantage in the credit depression. On the other hand, efficient
parking management would also reduce the emission of gases in the environment contributing
to climate change due to the effect of pollution on the ozone layer. The emission of a single car
may seem insignificant but with the ever increasing number of cars on the road, the gases
emitted are in huge volumes

The study was proposed about a years ago. At that time, preparations were under way
to improve services to accommodate a high population. Among the services to be provided in
the transport sector was parking management in particular. For example, there would be more
people migrating in Cagayan de Oro because of more job opportunities, thus a need to expand
the infrastructure and the role of smart parking. Parking for motorists is one of the challenges
that would be faced by Cagayan de Oro, and all vehicle users who will be in the city at the
time.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Start

Automated
Parking
Conventional System Information
Look for Car approaching
desk
vacant
slot approaching

Look for the LCD for

vacant parking slot
No
vacant
Yes have
Exit vacant

Proceed to which floor

is given by the desk

Car
parked

In table 1.1 shows the flow of parking system from entering to the building until the car is
finally park and the conventional one.

The concept of this framework is to guide the driver on which slot the driver must park.
This helps the driver to park without difficulty of finding a vacant slot because the system will
help the driver to find a vacant slot where to park his car. This is to visualize that the driver
will park easily and less time consume compare to the conventional one. Conventional one is
time consuming because the driver needs to meander around just to find a parking spot that
leads to using more of time and gasoline.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Philippines is on the 13th place of the most populated country in world. About
104,918,090 million people and part of it, Philippines has 243,902 registered vehicle. As the
automobile industry is growing day by day hence the large number of vehicles are produced
and used by the common people. So as the number of vehicle increases it becomes much more
complicated to regulate these vehicles. In region X itself, the city of Cagayan De Oro has
leading number of registered cars in the region with a number of 14,848 in 2011. When they
are to be parked hence we have designed this project to make the parking system much simpler
and automated in order to provide automated parking slot. This project can be implemented in
various kinds of situation and places. Such as schools, shopping malls etc. with less
requirement of maintenance for better functionality of the parking slot. Some of the problems
regarding the parking system in the city proper are:

The researcher sought answers to the following questions.

1. How will the study anticipate traffic due to using the one lane of the road for
parking because there is no other way the driver can park the car. Violation of this is
illegal parking?
2. How will it solves on creating pollution due to searching for parking burns around one
million barrels of oil a day which destroy our environment?
3. How will it anticipates accidents due to the irresponsible driver parking anywhere in
the streets.
4. How will it consider the handicapped?
5. How will it anticipate the increasing large number of vehicles every year?
6. Will this study solve the problem of parking system in Cagayan de Oro City?
7. What could be the disadvantages of this study? How will this study benefits the
vehicle user?
8. What could be the disadvantages of this study?
9. What is the advantages of automated parking system in Cagayan de Oro City?
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HYPOTHESIS

 This research study will significantly help the problem in the availability of parking space
in the city, increases safety and space of a parking lot
 The slot detector of this research study will increase the awareness of an available space
for parking the car to the driver
 This research study will decrease the time allotted to look for available parking space.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study could be very helpful for the businessman and people with cars and other
kind of vehicles. This parking building is different from other parking areas because this
building is only intended for the drivers to temporarily leave their car, truck, motorcycle, bikes,
etc., in this particular place. The significance of the study is to lessen manpower to check the
availability of slots with accurate location in every floor of the building. The infrared sensor
light in front of the parking slot from color green which signifies availability of slot turns to
color red which signifies unavailability of parking slot. The driver will just look for available
slot by only looking at the green light in every slot. When the slot is available then the computer
is programmed to notify the front desk of the building if how many slots are available in that
parking building in each floor of the building. There’s no need for the company to pay an
amount of money to the employees because there is less manpower in the building with the use
of these infrared sensor lights. This can also minimize time for the driver to check slots
available in the parking area because they are using the infrared sensor lights. This parking
building can be very helpful to the community because it will lessen the traffic here in Cagayan
de Oro City. Most of the people park their cars beside the road and some park their vehicles in
available areas nearby their location. The traffic may cause long traffic and may not secure
their vehicles for car napping but, with these parking building operated with infrared sensor
lights may lessen car napping incidents. This study can fasten the work because the drivers will
be informed in the front desk the available slots in every floor of the building right away. It can
also help to minimize the area or volume required for parking cars. It provides parking for cars
on multiple levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking spaces while
minimizing land usage. Minor parking lot damage such as scrapes and dents are eliminated,
the parked cars and their contents are more secure since there is no public access to parked
cars, driving around in search of parking space is eliminated, thereby reducing engine
emissions, the volume and visual impact of the parking structure is minimized and shorter
construction time. In other words this study is space saving not only in roads but space saving
in all parking lots here in Cagayan De Oro City.
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SCOPE AND LEMITATION OF THE STUDY.

This research study is mainly focused on solving the availability of parking space in the
society. The locale of the study will be in Divisoria, Cagayan de Oro City. There will be
respondents who will be interviewed regarding the problem about availability of parking space.
The study will use descriptive research design. The study is focused on the infrared sensor light
in front of the parking slot from color green which signifies availability of slot turns to color
red which signifies unavailability of parking slot and the availability of the slot can be seen in
the entrance before entering the building. When the slot is available then the computer is
automated to inform the front desk of the building if how many slots are vacant in that parking
building.

DEFFINITION OF TERMS
Parking- leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time.

Automated Parking System (APS)-is a mechanical system designed to minimize the

area and/or volume required for parking cars.

Parking lot-is a cleared area that is intended for parking vehicles. Usually, the term
refers to a dedicated area that has been provided with a durable or semi-durable surface.

Detector- a device or instrument designed to detect the presence of a particular object

or substance and to emit a signal in response.

Vacant - having no fixtures, furniture, or inhabitants; empty.

Sensor - a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates,
or otherwise responds to it.

Infrared - (of electromagnetic radiation) having a wavelength just greater than that of
the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves. Infrared
radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by
heated objects.

8ight - the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible.

Infrared light sensor - is an electronic sensor that

measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most
often used in PIR-based motion detectors.

Vehicle- a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land, such as a
car, truck, or cart.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

FOREIGN LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter is literature review of parking system in public areas. Three studies
regarding the application of the parking guidance system are also explained here.

BACKGROUND STUDY OF PARKING GUIDANCE IN CAR PARK

Parking guidance system is systems that obtains information about available parking
spaces, process it and then present it to drivers by means of variables message signs. This
system can be implemented in two ways, which are to guide drivers in congested areas to the
nearest parking facility with empty parking lots. The latter guidance system addresses driver’s
need for information about the position and number of the parking lots that are actually
available within a parking structure. This system reduces time and fuel while searching for
empty parking lots and helps the car park to operate efficiently.

Car park inside a building is become popular because it is user friendly and prevent
vehicle from exposing to the sunlight, especially in the place where parking lots are high
demand. This type of car park poses a parking guidance system that primarily based on the use
of message signs to give drivers information regarding parking availability inside the car park.
The availability of parking lot inside car park normally is obtained from the sensors that count
the number of cars entering and exiting or, in other cases, by comparing the ticket issued at
machines. This information is sent to a computer that processes it and availability is generally
expressed in terms of “full” or “empty”. In some cases the actual numbers of parking lots are
given.

Every car park owners have their different parking guidance system. The wider use high
technology like sensor and wireless communication in some parking guidance systems have
successfully attract and meet the requirement of customers. Three car parks and parking
guidance system are list as followed:
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Case 1: The Baltimore/Washington Airport Car Park

Smart Park, Baltimore/Washington Airport parking system is one of example of
parking system to guide car drivers within parking facilities to empty parking lots. It is an
automated parking guidance system intended to make finding a parking lit quick and hassle
free at the Baltimore/Washington Airport. This system is currently available in all parking lots
in the new Daily A Garage and on Level 2 of Hourly Garage.

At car park entrance, ultrasonic sensors mounted over each parking lot are used to
monitor the vacancy status of each parking lot and a display board is used to display the number
of parking lots available in car park.

Figure 1.1: Parking Lot at Baltimore/Washington Airport.

After entering the car park, car drivers will see a green arrow as shown in figure below
is used direct them to lanes with vacant parking lot.

Figure 1.2: Green Arrow Indicator to Direct Car

Driver to Empty Parking Lot
At the same time, to prevent car drivers enter the
lane that does not has empty parking lot, red light
indicates lanes where no parking lots are available. Once
parking spaces are fully deployed, electronic signs at
both hourly and daily entrance plazas will reflect the
status of vacant parking spaces on each level.
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Case 2: Plaza Low Yat Car Park System

Plaza Low Yat parking system is one of example of local in-door car park in Kuala
Lumpur that guide car driver to available car park

Figure 1.3: Parking Lot at Baltimore/Washington Airport.

Figure 1.4: message sign board to guide car driver to park their car

At the same time, to easy car drivers remember where locations of their car, a message
board which indicates the zone and row of parking lot inside car park as shown below is else
can be found here.
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Case 3: Plaza Singapore car park system

Plaza Singapore has introduced ST Electronics’ user friendly parking guidance system.
With the multiple space display boards positioned at the strategic locations, drivers can get real
time information guiding them to the areas where parking lots are available.

With this system, even when car park is full, car drivers need not wait at the car park
entrance and be allowed entry the car park anytime. This is because whenever a car park lots
is vacated, a sensor will automatically signal the car parking management system allow another
vehicle to enter. This will prevent a long queue of car from forming at the entrance point. Figure
below shows at the entrance to the car park, a main parking lot display board indicates the
availability of parking lots for the various levels within the car park. This display board allows
car drivers to know the total parking lot at each level of car park.

Figure 1.5: main parking lot display board at the entrance car park

This car park also uses vehicle detection bar located at the entrance and exit of each level.

The comparison of parking guidance system in car park case studies

The comparison of parking guidance system in car park case studies is shown in table
below. This table clearly shows some foreign car parks already improve the parking guidance
system inside car park by applying sensor to detect the availability of parking lot inside car
park and display the availability of parking lots inside car park in message display board to
help car drivers to easily locate the empty parking lot. Therefore, these foreign car parks are
more user friendly than some local car parks.
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LOCAL LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Limketkai Mall’s new Indoor Automated Car Park located at the Hypermart Building.
Free parking is allowed for the first two weeks after which a fixed parking rate of P25 per will
be charged. The car park is open from 9:00AM to 9:00PM (mall hours). The 2 level indoor
carpark will have 500 parking slots. Advantages of indoor car parks include safety, security
and protection from the heat of the sun and rain. Also, a green light indicates there are parking
slots available. A red light indicates full parking. The car park is also accessible through the
East Wing Expansion and the soon-to-open Shopwise just beside Marks and Spencer.

Figure 1.6 : Limketkai Mall’s new Indoor Automated Car Park

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method of research to be used, the population frame and
sample size, instrumentation, data-gathering procedure and statistical treatment of the data.

METHOD OF RESEARCH TO BE USED

A descriptive study design was chosen to conduct a research for Car Parking with Slot
Detector, Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or
phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the
characteristics occurred. Thus, descriptive research cannot be used as the basis of a causal
relationship, where one variable affects another.

THE POPULATION FRAME AND SAMPLE SIZE

SAMPLE SIZE AT 95% CONFIDENCE SURVEY POPULATION
LEVEL
5 ±13.8% 20

10 ±9.8% 20

15 ±6.9% 20

20 ±5.6% 20

25 ±4.8% 20

INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

The researcher designed an interview schedule as one of the data collection instrument
for this study. The Primary Cark park owners we’ve interviewed, The Interviewed Questions
were aimed at eliciting relevant information concerning Cark Parks with slot detectors,
perceived problems of out of slot sometimes as well as possible strategies that could be adopted
to enhance the perceptions of Cark parks.

A questionnaire designed by the researcher titled “Automated Car parking building with
slot detector” was also used in the study. The content of the instrument was based on the
findings of the interview conducted with the Owner of Car Parking Building in Limketkai Mall
as well as on the information from the literature reviewed.
The questionnaire has five sections: A, B, C, D and E:
• Section “A”, is on personal data of the respondents;
• Section “B”, is on the needs/objectives of detecting a slot in Car Park. It has a total of 5 items
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• Section “C” contains questions on the perceived problems of un-detecting slots of Car Parks.
It has 5 items.

• Section “D”, on the other hand is on the effectiveness for Detectors of Slots, which has 5
items; and

• Finally, section “E”, made up of 5 items is on the possible strategies that could be adopted
for improved Parking Slots in other Countries.

Data Gathering Procedure and Output

Requirement Gathering is usually the first part of a research, this stage starts when you
are thinking about an Automated Car parking building with slot detector, in this phase you will
meet certain people wants to park their cars, you will also find out there is a real need in the
parking area for the research you’ve trying to develop.

In this stage, people wants to park their Cars in the Parking area with a slot detector
have direct contact to available slots.