GATE Explanations

GATE EXPLANATIONS

Unit position of 146   6

127
Number Systems

G17-S1-(A)
   6  n
6 
X   47........... 30 digits Unit position of 3424  1

Suppose  47   2  2  2 digits in (47)3

3
    3 4n
1 
 Unit position of  211
870
Similarly  47  = contains 30 + 30 + 30 digits
3

 146   3424 is 1  6  1  7
127
= 90 digits.

G17-S2-(C) G14-S1-(C)
Total no. of 3 digit no’s = 91010 = 900 Let 12  12  12  ....  y
The no. of 3-digit numbers in which ‘1’ is to
 12  y  y
the immediate right of 2 = 19
 12  y  y2
2 1 10 choices  (y 4)(y 3)  0
2 1  y  4, y  3
9 choices 19 choices
G14-S2-(C)
 The no. of 3-digit no’s such that the digit 1  75268   Y 8   43648
is never to immediate right of 2 is
900  19  881 7526  7  83   5  82    2  8 
Alternate method   6  8o   3926
Total no. of 3 digit numbers are 4364   4  83    3  82    6  8 
 9 10 10  9 10 10  900.
  4  8o   2292
Numbers with digit 1 is to the immediate right 8 1634
of 2 are
204  2
2 1 x  x 2 1  19 25  4
1  1  10 9 1 1 3 1
So, no. of 3 digit numbers such that the digit 1   Y 8  3926  2292  1634  Y  3142
is never to the immediate right of 2 are 900-
19= 881
G13-S1-(D)
For a number much greater than 75
G17-S3-(D)
Option (A) 91 – 75 = 16
Option (B) 93 – 75 = 18
G16-S1-(7)
Option (C) 89 – 75 = 14
Unit position of  211  1
870
Option (D) 96 – 75 = 21 (Difference is more)
   1 n
1 
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221
 Numerical Ability

 A number much greater than 75 is 96 which  6  4  2174   last digit  6

2n

is also smaller than 117.  

Last digit of (2174)  6  24
2n

G12-S1-(D) The last digit of (2171)7  (2172)9

Let 1.001 = x
(2173)11  (2174)13
x1259
 3.52and x 2062
 7.85
 1  2  7  4  14
x 3321
x1259
.x 2062
 3.52  7.85  27.64
  0.001  27.64
3321
G16-S1- (C)
324  182 ; 441  212 ;64  82
Numerical Series & Sequences but 97  x 2 for any positive integer
i.e. 97 is odd man out
G17-S1-(D)
Given, Mean  Median  2Mode G16-S2-(B)
 Mean  Median  2x  Mode  x   (1) All numbers are prime except 33.
3x  2y  44
 Mean of the data  G15-S1-(B)
9
Let us take the numbers as 3,4,5,6,7 (d=1) and
3x  2y  44
 2x   15x  2y  44  (2) they are in arithmetic sequence
9
I. 6, 8,10,12,14( d=2 )and they are in
Mean of the data  y  (3)
arithmetic sequence
 y  2x  (4)  Median  2Mode II. 0,1,2,3,4 (d=1) and they are in arithmetic
From (2);11x  44 sequence
 x  4; y  8 III. 9,16,25,36,49 (no common difference) they
are not in an arithmetic sequence
G17-S1-(B)
The last digit of (2171)7  1 G14-S1-(725)
Each Number=2(Previous number)+11
The last digit of (2172)9  (2172)8 (2172)
 (2172)4n (2172)  Where, n  2  G14-S2- (45)
 6  2  12   2172   Last digit  6 
4n
2 3 6 15 45 157.5 630
 
Last digit of (2172)  6
4n
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
The last digit of (2173)  (2173) (2173) 11 8 3
2nd number
 (2173) (2173) 4n 3
 Where, n  2 1st number
is in increasing

Last digit of (2173)4n order as shown above

 1  1 7  7
The last digit of (2174)13 G14-S3- (16)
 (2174)12 (2174) 81  54  27;
 (2174)2n (2174)  n  6  2
27   18
3

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222
 GATE Explanations

2 n
54  36  18;18   12   2a   n  1 d 
3 2 
2 In this case, n = 22, a = 2 and d = 2
36  24  12;12   8 24  8  16
3  Sum 114  21 2  11 46  506

G14-S4- (B) G13-S3- (B)

7  11  13  17 The expression can be written as
GKMQ 1 1 1
   .....
1 2 2 3 3 4
G14-S5- (C) 1
13 17 19 23 
80  81
M Q S W
2 1 3 2
 
 2    1  3    2 
2 2 2 2
G14-S6- (C)
5 23
4 3 81  80
10  5  5   ..... 
 4    3  81   
2 2 2 2
80
17  10  7
26  17  9  81  1  8
37  26  11
50  37  13 and G12-S1- (A)
64  50  14, but 64 is 2 3 4 5
not an odd number
AD , CG, FK, JP, OV
G13-S1- (D)
3 4 5 6
Using the answer options, substitute n = 2.
The sum should add up to 94. Alternative
The given series is G11-S1- (C)
10+84+734+………………….+n terms Let S=4 (1 + 11 + 111 + ……..)
 9  1   92  3   93  5   94  7   ...n terms 4
  9  99  999  .......
9
  9  92  93  ....................nterms 
 1  3  5  7  ............n terms 
4
 
 10  1  10 2  1  103  1  .........
9
   

 sn 
a  r n  1 
(r  1)and 

4
9

10  102  ......10n  n  
9  9n  1  r 1 
 
4  10  1 
n
  n2  Sumof first n odd natural 
9 1    10  n
 numbers is n 2  9

9 
 

4
81

10n 1  9n  10 
G13-S2-(C)
The maximum sum is the sum of 44, 42,- -2
The sum of ‘n’ terms of an AP

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223
 Numerical Ability

Mathematical & Operations Symbols f  0   1, f 1  1.21, f  2   7.38,

f  3 , f  4  , f 5 also  ve.
G16-S1- (A)
 As there are 2 sign changes from +ve to –
a  x  a  ax   a  x   a ve and –ve to +ve, two roots will be there
 x 1  a   0  x  0 is the identity in the range [-5, 5].
element
G16-S1-(C)
G16-S2- (C) 1 1 1
q  a  , r  b  , s c 
66  6 60 5 r s q
66  6   
66  6 72 6 q a  r, r b  s, sc  q
66  6 72 6 r  q a   sc   sac
a
66 6  
66  6 60 5
s  r b   sac   sabc  abc  1
b

5 6
(66  6)(66 6)    1
6 5
G16-S2-(B)
G16-S3- (8)  x 2x 
Perimeter of rectangle  2    2x
73  3 3 
h  2, 5, 7, 3  remainder of 1
25 Perimeter of square  340  2x
fg  h  2,5,7,3 ,4,6,8   fg 1,4,6,8  340  2x
Length of square 
 f 1,4,6,8   g 1,4,6,8   8 1  8 x
4
2 x/ 3

Linear Equations x x/ 3

G17-S1-(B)
Square Rectangle
If x  y
x  y   x  y  340  2x  2 2
2
Exp   y min Total area  
2   x  f (x)
 4  9
If x  y
4  2x  340 
x  y  y  x f '(x)  x   0
Exp   x min 9  4 
2 4 1
x  y  x  y  x   340  2x   x  90
The expression 9 4
2 340  2x
is equal to minimum of x & y Length of square   40 mm
4

G17-S2-(C) G16-S3-(B)
f  x   ex  0.5x 2  2 From the option (b) substitute x=1 in
2x 7  3x  5  0
f  5  10.50; f  4   6.01,
2(1)7  3(1)  5  0
f  2   0.135; f  1  1.13;
55 0
So (x  1) is a factor of f (x)
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224
 GATE Explanations

G16-S4-(B) Second largest number =88

Given   4 ∴ Required sum is 163.
n  n n  n

 n   n 1
 n
1 G14-S2- (A)
 
m
1
n
P'  2 x   y m
n n


    
n n n n

 ()n  4n
2
   n n  2n  m x n y m  2n  m P

G16-S5-(A) G14-S3-(495)
Let the original number be xy 8th observation is 7×2=14 more than
y---unit digit of xy 1st observation
x + y=12 -------(1) 9th observation is 14 more than
10y + x=10x + y + 54 2nd observation
9x – 9y=-54-------(2)
10th observation is 14 more than
Solving (1) & (2) we get, x=3 and y=9
3rd observation
So the number is 39.
11th observation 14 more than
G16-S6-(C) 4th observation
9y  6  3 12th observation 14 more than
Possibility (A): 9y  9  y  1 5th observation = Total 14×5=70
Sum of the first five numbers =425
1
Possibility (B): 9y  3  y  Sum of last five numbers =495
3
When y=1 G14-S4-(96)
4y 2 4(1) 3  4 1 Expanding
y2  1   
3 3 3 3 1 1 1
z 2  2  2.z.  98  z 2  2  96
1 z z z
When y 
3
G14-S5-(D)
1
4  ax2+bx+c=0
 3   1  4  3   1
2
1
   for roots to be real & +ve; b2-4ac>0
 
3 3 9 9 9 3
This will have 2 real positive roots.

G14-S1-(163) ax 2  b x  c  0
Eight consecutive odd numbers are a-6,a-4,a- These are two cases
2, a ,a+2 ,a+4, a+6 and a+8 is 256. 1. ax2  bx  c
a=81
Discriminant  b2  4ac  0
Smallest number =75 … (1)
Average consecutive even numbers is 87 ax 2  bx  c  ( b) 2  4ac  b 2  4ac
a 2a a 2a 4 2. Is also >0. This will have real roots
  87  a  86
4  This will have 4 real roots.
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225
 Numerical Ability

G14-S6-(D) x + y = 14
x 2  2x  3  11 x=9 and y=5
 (x 4)(x 2)  0  x  4,x  2 Hence the numbers of 10 rupee notes are 5
Values of  x 3  x 2  x G12-S2- (A)
For x  4 Value  52 Let us categorize the bags in three groups as
For x  2 Value  14 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2
st
1 weighing A vs B
Case -1 Case -2
G13-S1-(B)
A1 A2 A3 A1 A2 A3
Since the roots are of opposite sign, the
= B1 B2 B3 ≠ B1 B2 B3
product of roots will be negative.
Then either C1 or C2 is heavier
p  p  1
  0  p  p  1  0 Either A or B would be heavier
3 (Say A >B) 2nd weighing
  p  0  p  1  0  0  p  1 C1 vs C2 A1 vs A2
Thus therequiredset of valuesof pis  0, 1 If C1 > C2, then C1 If A1 = A2, then A3
If C1 < C2, then C2 If A1 > A2, then A1
G13-S2-(B) If A1 < A2, then A2
Given that 3  x  5 ........(1)
G11-S1- (C)
and 8  y  11 ........(2)
Let the total number of toffees in the bowl
1 1 1
Now from (2),   be x
8 y 11
1
1 1 1 R took of toffees and returned 4 to the bowl
   .........(3) 3
11 y 8
1
3 x 5  Number of toffees with R  x  4
   3
11 y 8 2
Remaining of toffees in bowl = x  4
3
G13-S3-(B)
1 2 
2 x  9  3 Number of toffees with S =  x  4   3
4 3 
Squaring on both sides (-2x+9)2=9 Remaining toffees in bowl
4x2-36x+81=9; 4x2-36x+72=0
3 2 
x2-9x+18=0; (x-6)(x-3)=0 =  x  4 4
4 3 
X=6 or 3
Number of toffees with
If x  6 then x  x 2
32 1  
 6  (6)2  6  36  30 T  x  4   3  2
43 2  
G12-S1-(A) Remaining toffees in bowl =
Let the number of Rs. 20 notes be x and Rs. 10 1 3  2  
  x  4   3  2
notes be y 2 4  3  
20x + 10y = 230

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226
 GATE Explanations

1 3  2   Now,Tm  T  41 3  123

Given,   x  4   3  2  17
2 4  3   & Tth  T  43  3 129
3 2   TTh  Tm  6, Also TTh 1.15Tm
  x  4   27  x  48
4  3   0.15Tm  6  Tm  40
Temperature of thursday
Averages & Mixtures  40  6  46C

G17-S1-(B) G12-S1- (C)

All the values put either in ascending or P and R always hold true
descending order first. Else consider a sample set {1, 2, 3, 4} and
Now number of observations equal to 100 check accordingly
[even]
 The median of these values = G11-S1-(D)
Avg of two middle most observations.
 10  1 
3 3
9 729
50 observation  51 observation
th st 10    10   
  10   10  1000
2
729
30,000  30,000   1  7.29 litres
  30,000 1000
2

G16-S1- (C) Percentages, Profits& Loss

G15-S1- (B) G16-S1- (A)

5692000  Total fruits 
21 2  15  3  11 11 1  23  2  31 5 15% unripe 85% ripe
21  15  11  23  31
 2.970 853800 4838200

G14-S1- (B) 45% 55% 34% 66%

10  190  
20  180  200 apples oranges apples oranges
 9  
(200)  9  100 1900
:  384210 469590 1644988 3193212
 19 19
:  Total number of apples = 384210 + 1644988 =
 100
90  110  2029198

100  develop disease
0.3
G16-S2- (C)
G13-S1- (C) 0.5 Infected
Let the temperature of Monday be TM 0.7
not develop
Sum of temperatures of Tuesday and
0.5 not Infected
Wednesday = T and
Temperature of Thursday =TTh

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227
 Numerical Ability

P (a person infected but does not show G14-S4-(850)

symptoms )  0.50  0.70  0.35 One way fare =100
The percentage is 35% Two way fare per person=200
5 persons=1000/-
G16-S3- (A) Total discount applicable=10+5=15%
x xy 15
x% of y  y Discount amount   1000  150
100 100 100
y xy Amount to be paid=1000-150=850
y% of x  y
100 100
2 G14-S5- (1300)
(x% of y)  (y% of x)  xy  2% of xy
100 Fixed cost = Rs. 50,000
Variable cost = Rs. 800Q
G14-S1- (B) Q = daily production in tones
Suppose power consumption in 2000-2001 is For 100 tonnes of production daily, total cost
P and rate is r then in 2010-2011 power of production
consumption = 50,000+800×100 = 130,000
10
 r  So, cost of production per tonne of daily
2P  P 1   130,000
 100  production   Rs.1300.
10 100
 2  1 
 r 
  r  7.2
 100  G14-S6-(D)
Let number of people in country Y = 100
G14-S2- (48) So, number of people in country X = 300
Total respondents=300
Total number of people taller than 6ft in both
Those who don’t have scooter =
the countries
Men= 40+20=60
1 2
84  300   100  5
Women  34  50  100 100
144
% of people taller than 6ft in both the
144
%  100  48% 5
300 countries   100  1.25%.
400
G14-S3- (D)
Per 100 Rs final value 107 Rs G14-S7- (A)
20
 Per
100
Dollars final value
107 8
50 60 140
After 1 year =P = 6
107 50
 Per 1Dollar,final value   2 years = 7.2
60 100
 For100 Dollars, 20
After 3   1.2  8.65
100
107 50
final value  100    89.16 20
60 100 After 4 years   8.65  10
∴ Decreased by 11%. 100
Time will be in between 3−4 years.

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228
 GATE Explanations

Alternate approach: G11-S1- (A)

After1year : Checking with all options in formula:
120 (4q+100/q) i.e. (V+F). Option A gives the
5 million × = 6 million minimum cost.
100
After 2 years :
Probability, Permutations and
120
6 million× = 7.2 million Combinations
100
After 3years : G17-S1-(C)
120
7.2million× = 8.64million
100
After 4years :
k digits
120
8.64million× ≈ 10 million Each digit can be filled in 7 ways as 0, 5 and 9
100
are not allowed. So each of these places can be
∴ Time will be in between 3 - 4 years. filled with 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8.
k

So required probability is   or 0.7k.

G13-S1- (4.66) 7
Let the original price be Rs. x/kg  
10
280
Number of kgs that can be bought 
x G17-S2-(D)
Number of kgs that can be bought after 3C2  4C2  3C2 4
Required probability  
280 10C2 15
reduction in price 
0.95 x
280 280  280  1 G17-S3-(B)
   3 x    280  
0.95x x  0.95  3 x  y  20  x  MCQ, y  Essay type 
 Reduced price  0.95x  Rs.4.667 / kg 3x  11y  100
 x  15, y  5
G13-S2- (A)
Profit=S.P-C.P G17-S4-(D)
 500 = S.P - 100  S.P = 600 Given
Given, C.P increased by 30% and profit level A  x 2  83 ... 1
is same, i.e., S.P must be Rs. 630
A  y 2  63 ...  2 
∴ S.P must beincreased to5%.
A  x 3  217 ...  3
G12-S1- (A)
C  329 P 186 
P  50q  5q 2
x2 y1
dp d2p x1
 50  10q; 0 x3
A
y2
dq dq 2
z1
 p is max imum at 50  10q  0 or, q  5 M  295

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229
 Numerical Ability

And For any value S =1, 2 both Q, R are satisfied

x1  x 2  A  x 3  329 ...(4) and for S  3 both P, R are satisfied.
x 2  A  y1  y2  186 ...(5) As only one of P, Q, R is right, the only
x 3  A   y2  z1  295 ...  6  possible value of S = 0

x1  x 2  x 3  y1 G17-S7-(D)
 y 2  z1  A  500 ...(7) As there are 4 people A,G,N,S and 4 colours
1   2    3  x 2  y2 so without any restriction total ways have to
 x 3  363  3A ...(8) be 4  4  16
 4    5   6   3A  2  363  3A  Now, Arun  dislikes Red and
Shweta  dislikes white
  x1  y1  z1   810
So 16 – 2 = 14 ways
 3A  2  363  3A 
  x1  y1  z1   810  From  8   G16-S1-(A)
 3A  726  P(X = 6) = 10 C6 .(0.6)6 .(0.4) 4

500  x 2  x 3  y1  A   810  From  7   ≈ 0.2508

 3A  726  500

G15-S1-(B)
  363  3A   A  810
P  Ram   1 ; p  Ramesh   1
 863  A  810  A  53 6 8
Alternate method: p  only one   p  Ram   p  not ramesh 
n  C   329, n  P   186, 1 7 1 5
 p  Ramesh   p  not Ram     
n  M   295, n  C  P   83; 6 8 8 6
n  C  M   217,  P  M   63
12 1
 
48 4
n  P  C  M   n C  n P  n M 
n  C  P   n  C  m   n  P  M  G15-S2-(B)
n  P  C  M . For a match to be played, we need 2 teams
 500  329  186  295  83 No of matches = no. of ways of selections 2
teams out of 5  5C 2  10
217  63  n  P  C  m 
 n  P  C  m   500  447  53.
G15-S3- (B)
From the given data,
G17-S5-(B)
X = HHH, HHT ,
8 2
Required probability=  Y = HHT, HTT, THT, TTT ,
36 9
Z = HTT, THT, TTH
G17-S6-(A) Clearly Y and Zaredependent.
Given
P :S  3, Q:S  3, R :S  1

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230
 GATE Explanations

G15-S4- (A) G14-S1-(B)

4  5  20 Total mass 1 1
×
5,11  3 2 1
Required probability is =
4,12  1
1 + 0 +
1 3
3,13 
 4 favourablecases 3  2 
2,14  G14-S2-(0.8145)
4 1 Probability for one bulb to be non-defective is
   0.20 is the required probability. 95
20 5
100
 Probabilities that none of the bulbs is
G15-S5- (D) 4
P(atleast two)  p(exat 2)  95 
defectives   = 0.8145
 0.5  0.4  0.1  100 
 P  M  P  C  0.1  (1) G14-S3- (B)
The digit in unit place is selected in 4! Ways
0.75  p  m  c  0.1  (0.4  0.3)
The digit in tens place is selected in 4! Ways
27
 p  m  c  0.65  0.7  1.35  The digit in hundreds place is selected in 4!
20 Ways
1
and from (1), we have (p)  (m)  (c)  0.1  The digit in thousands place is selected in 4!
10 Ways
The digit in ten thousands place is selected in
G15-S6- (B) 4! Ways
There are 4 kings in a pack of 52 cards. Sum of all values for 1
4!1 100  101  102  103  104 
If 2 cards are selected and both are kings,
remaining cards will be 50 out of which 2
will be kings.  4!111111
Similarly for ‘3’ 4! (11111)  3
G15-S7- (4536) Similarly for ‘5’ 4! (11111)  5a
In thousands place, 9 digits except 0 can be Similarly for ‘7’ 4! (11111)  7
placed
Similarly for ‘9’ 4! (11111)  9
In hundreds place, 9 digits can be placed
sum of all such numbers
(including 0, excluding the one used in
 4!  (11111)  1  3  5  7  9 
thousands place)
In tens place, 8 digits can be placed (excluding  24  (11111)  25  6666600
the ones used in thousands and hundreds
place) G14-S4-(25 years)
In one’s place, 7 digits can be placed 4 
(excluding the one used in thousands,
P  0.04  
100
hundreds and tens place) 
For 1earth quake 
Total number of  Reverse probability
100
permutations  9  9  8  7  4536 P  1earth quake 
4 

25 years 

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231
 Numerical Ability

G14-S5-(0.48 to 0.49) P(E 2 )P(A / E 2 )

P  E2 / A  
Let total population = 100 P(E1 )P(A / E1 )  P(E 2 )P(A / E 2 )
HIV + patients = 10 40 3
.
100 100 1
   0.5
HIV  0.95 0.05 60 2 40 3 2
.  .
HIV  0.89 0.11 100 100 100 100

 
p H  0.1 p H  0.9   G12-S1- (C)
OB is the line when both A and B arrive at
To find probability using Baye's theorem same time.
   
P Test correct /H + .P H +
 
Total sample space = 60 x 60 = 3600
P H /Test correct 
+


P Test correct /H  .P  H 
+ + Favourable cases = Area of OABC – Area of
PQRS

 P Test wrong / H  / PH 
- -
1 
0.1  0.95 = 3600  2    45  45  = 1575
  0.489 2 
0.1  0.95  0.9  0.11 1575 7
Test is +ve  H  or H – The required probability = 
3600 16
Test correct or Test wrong
G12-S2- (B)
G13-S1- (D)
x y
The number of 2 digit multiples of 7 = 13
Supply 60% 40%
 Probability of choosing a number not
Reliable 96% 72%
90  13 77
Divisible by 7 is  Overall 0.576 0.288
90 90
 Required Probabilityis
0.288
P x 
G13-S2- (C)
 0.334
Let E1 be the machine M1 manufacture 0.576  0.288
autocomponents.
Let E2 be the event of machine M2 Ratio, Proportion & Variation
manufacture autocomponents
60
Given P(E1 )  60%  G15-S1- (C)
100
40 Total number of cubes = 9×3 = 27
P(E2 )  40% 
100 ∴ Total number of faces = 27×6 = 162
Let ‘A’ be the event of component found to be
defective.
2
Given P(A / E1 )  2%  ;
100
1 1 1
3
P(A / E 2 )  3% 
100 1 1 1
A randomly drawn auto component from the 1
1 1 1 1
lot is found defective the probability it was Number of
1
1 1 1 faces
manufactured by M2 is P(E 2 / A) we have
per cube = 6
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232
 GATE Explanations

∴ Total number of non-visible faces = 2700 Men + 750 Women required in the
162-54 = 108 second equation.
Number of visible faces 54 1  2400 M + 1000W = 2700M + 750W
∴    1: 2
Number of non visible faces 108 2 6M
 1W 
5
 The no. of men required to build the bridge
G14-S1-(2.06)
in one week
90% of area of sheet = Cross sectional area of
 6M 
cone  2400M  1000    3600 Men
 5 
2P.M C R
B Alternate method
Let a man can build the bridge in x weeks and
Q a woman can build the bridge in y weeks.
120 500
So,  1 2
1.15 S x y
900 250
 1 3
A x y
o 1 P.M P 1.15 2 P.M
By equations  i  and  ii  ; weget
`
 0.9   30  30   r1  30 x  3600; y  3000
 A man build the bridge3600 weeks
 27 cm  r1  Required men  3600 to build in a week.
∴ Height of the cone
 302  27 2  13.08 cm G17-S2-(A)
Then r1/h=27/13.08=2.06
M1 M2
60  R S  15min R takes60min;
G14-S2- (C) 30  P S  15min Stakes15min;
Take number of female students in 2011=100 30  P S  15min Q takes20min;
 Number of male in 2011=100 S  15min P takes30min;
No. of female in 2012=100 Q  20min
No. of male in 2012=150 Q  20min
Q  20min
150
Ratio  = 1.5: 1 2hrs 2hrs
100

Time & Work

2hrs (OR)

G17-S1- (C)
P 30 min  2  60 min
Given 1200 Men + 500 Women can build a
Q 20 min  3  60 min
bridge in 2 weeks. And
900 Men + 250 Women will take 3 weeks to R 60 min 1  60 min
build the same bridge S 15min  4  60 min
 To complete in a week; there are 2400 Men M1 P Q  2hrs
+ 1000W required in the first equation and M2 R S  2hrs

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233
 Numerical Ability

G16-S1- (C)  1  23
 Revised time  1   T  T
Q 's one hour work 
1  24  24
25  12 23
 Revised Total cos t 1.2  WT 1.15WT
1 24
R 's one hour work 
50  12 1.15  13200  15180
Since Q has taken 2 days sick leave, he has
worked only 5 days on the end of seventh day. G11-S1- (C)
Work completed by Q on 7th Let each truck carry 100 units.
1 2800 = 4n + e n = normal
day= (5  12)
25  12 3000 = 10n + e e = excess/pending
Work completed by R on 7th 100 8000
1 n  ,e 
day= (7  18) 3 3
50  12 5.100 8000
Ratio of their work 5days  500x  
3 3
5 12 7 18 20 8500
   20 : 21  500x  17  x  5
25 12 50 12 21 3
Minimum possible = 6
G16-S2- (B)
Alternate Approach:
Ratio of contribution of M to contribution of
3×10
x 3×10 = x × 5 ⇒ x = =6
6(H) × (D) × 2(E) 5
2 1
E= =
12(H) × x(D) ×1(E) 2
G10-S1- (D)
∴ Ratiois1: 2.
Given 5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20
days i.e., 1 skilled worker can build the same
G16-S3- (C)
wall in 100 days
Ananth covers 1/6 of the book in 1 hour.
1
Bharath covers 1/4 of the book in 1 hour  The capacity of each skilled worker is
100
1
 x 8 semi-skilled workers can build a wall in 25
 6   2  x  2  1  x  6  3hours
days
1 6 4 2 2
  i.e., 1 semi-skilled worker can build the same
 
4
wall in 200 days
 The capacity of each semi-skilled worker
G13-S1-(B)
1
Let ‘W’ be the labour wages, and ‘T’ be the is
working hours. 200
Now, total cost is a function of W  T Similarly, the capacity of 1 unskilled worker
Increase in wages = 20% 1
is .
300
 Revised wages = 1.2 W Now, the capacity of 2 skilled+6 semi-
 100   1 
Decrease in labour time =  skilled+5 unskilled workers is 2   +6
%  100 
 24 

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234
 GATE Explanations

 1  5 Let at time ‘t’ the tiger catches the deer i.e.,

  + distance travelled by tiger in time ‘t’= initial
 200  300
distance between them + distance travelled by
2 3 5 20 1
=     deer in time ‘t’.
100 100 100 300 15
 40  t  400  20t
 The required numbers of days is 15
400
t  20 min
20
Time, Speed & Distance  total distance  20  40  800 metres
Alternate approach:
G17-S1- (D) Time taken by tiger to
Let cycling speed=C; and walking speed=W 400
1  3 cross deer = = 20min
C    W    19 .......1  40 - 20 
2 2 But thedistance travelled by tiger
C  W  26 .......  2  in 20 min = 20 × 40 = 800metres.
On solving (1) & (2), we get W=6 km/hr
G14-S1- (560)
G16-S1- (A) For a train to cross a person, it takes 20
length seconds for its 280m.
Speed   length  speed  time So, for 60 seconds, total distance travelled
time
should be 840,including 280 train length.
120  10  s 1  s1  12
So, length of platform =840-280=560
150  15  s 2  s 2  10
s1  s 2  2 G13-S1- (C)
Total distance
Average speed =
G15-S1-(B) Total time
For M  12  0.6 8  6  16
20   40km / hr
1 1 1
N  13  0.555  
25 4 4 4
O  20  0.667
30
G13-S2-(C)
P  12  0.48
25 Let the total distance covered be ‘D’
Distance 52 25 30 25 D
Electricity M Now, average speed =
N O P Total time taken
Usage 12 13 20 12
M
D 1
M  
D D D 1

1

1
G15-S2- (800)  2 
4  4 120 120 40
Tiger  1 leap  8 meter   
 60 30 10 
Speed  5leap min  40m min 120
  24 km / hr
Deer  1 leap  5meter 5
speed  4leap / min  20m min

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235
 Numerical Ability

G13-S3-(C) 55  n(F)  n  F  W 
When V = 32, 32 = 80 - 32t n  F  W   55  n(F)  55  35  20
3
t= n(W)  85  20  65
2
When V = 64,64 = 80 - 32t
1 G15-S1- (A)
t=
2 TD ES
Sets & Venn Diagrams 0
11 6
4
G16-S1-(D) 1 1
From Venn diagram 11
n(A)  no of persons reading
books  13  44  12  7  76 EM
n(B)  no of persons playing G10-S1- (D)
 15  44  7  17  83 Representing the given information in the
n(A  B)  51 Venn diagram, we have
n(A  B)  n(A)  n(B)  n(A  B)  = 25
 76  83  51  108 n(H) = 15 n(F) = 17

G16-S2- (A) a 10 b
F  Facebook, W WhatsApp,
E Total faculties n=?
Given
E, n(E)  150 Let the number of people who play only
55 85
hockey = a
The number of people who play only
football = b
F FW W
n(F)  35 n F  W
n(W)  60 Now, a = n(H) – 10 = 15 – 10 = 5
 20
b = n(F) – 10 = 17– 10 = 7
 30 Clearly, a + b + 10 + n = 25
F  W  n = 25 – 7 - 5 -10  n = 3
Therefore the number of people who play

n(E)  150, n F  W  30  neither Hockey nor Football is 3


n  F  W   n(E)  N F  W  150  30  Geometry
n  F  W   120 G16-S1- (B)
n  F  W   n  F    n(W)  n(F W  Volume of a sphere of diameter 1 unit is
4
120  n(F)  85  1 2    6
3

3
n(F)  120  85  35
and volume of a cube of side 1 unit is 13 =1

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236
 GATE Explanations
y
G16-S2- (B) G15-S1-(C)
B
3x  2y  14
G16-S3- (C)

G16-S4- (B) E 2x  3y  5
R
 14  5 
A   ,0  B   0, 7  C   , 0 O
x
 3  2  C A

 5 
D   0,  E   4,1
 3  D

Required area is area of

 OAB – area of  CEA x1  4  x1  5
1  14  1  13  y1  6  y1  16
    7     1  15.25 sq.units
2 3  2 6  x 2  9  x1  x 2 
y 2  10  y1  y 2 
G16-S5- (A)
Total triangles  10 11  9 10  9900
y  a  bx, where x  l n x
a G15-S2- (280)
and  0.1, b  0.02
b Let area of triangle PQR be ‘A’
 a  0.02  x   a  0.002 SQ 1 1
 
 0.002  0.02  x  PQ 1  3 4
QT 2 2
at x  5, y  0.002  0.02 1.609   
QR 2  5 7
 0.03018  0.030 1
Area of le QTS   SQ  QT
2
G16-S6- (C)
1 1  2 
Substituting the coordinates of the straight    PQ    QR 
2 4  7 
lines and checking all the four options given,
we get the correct option as C which is f(x)= 1 2 1 
     PQ  QR 
2  x 1 4 7 2 
1
  Area of le PQR
G16-S7- (D) 14
1
Lateral surface area of the square pyramid Given 20cm 2   A
14
A  a a 2  4h 2 4a  perimeter
A  14  20  280cm 2
h  height
  slanting height
G15-S3- (B)
 a2 
2
a 
2     h 2  h 2   2  
2  2 G15-S4- (B)
 a2 
A  a a 2  4   2    a2 G14-S1- (6)
 2

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237
 Numerical Ability

G14-S2- (C)
dy G17-S2-(C)
y  5x 2  3,  10xa
dx The given contour is a hill station, the peak
 dy  point of this hill station is P, it is under a
Slope of tangent   
 dx x 0, y 3 contour of 550 . At floods, the water level is
 10  0  0 525m. So the village of R, S and T are under a
Slope = 0  tangent is parallel to x-axis. contour of 500. Therefore these villages are
submerged.
G14-S3- (180)
Let the angles of quadrilateral are
G17-S3-(C)
3x, 4x, 5x, 6x
So, 3x+4x+5x+6x = 360 Region Air pressure
x = 20 difference
Smallest angle of quadrilateral = 3×20 = 60° P 0.95 – 0.90 = 0.05
Q 0.80 – 0.75 = 0.05
G14-S4-(B) R 0.85 – 0.65 = 0.20
y  2x  0.1x 2 S 0.95 – 0.90 = 0.05
dy d2 y
 2  0.2x; 0 In general thunder storms are occurred in a
dx dx 2
region where suddenly air pressure changes
 y max imises at 2  0.2x  0
(i.e.,) should rise (or) sudden fall of air
 x  10
pressure. From the given contour map in ‘R’
 y  20  10  10 m region only more changes in air pressure. So,
G12-S1-(C) the possibility of a thunder storms in this
region.
Ahamed
So option (C) is correct.
5 km
Me Michael
10 km G17-S4-(A)
Susan The required distance
7 km FP  x  100  36  64
Given Arun is farther away than Ahamed and
x  8,East 4 km Q
closer than Susan from where I live is greater
than 5 km but less than 7 km clearly 6.02. 3 km
'x ' 5 km
F
P

Miscellaneous Questions 15 km
6 km
10
G17-S1-(D)
Factorization of 162 is 2  3  3  3  3 O
y  162 is a perfect cube
y  2  3  3  3  3  Perfect cube G17-S5-(B)
Closer lines represents steepest path
For perfect cube 2's & 3's are two more
required each.
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238
 GATE Explanations

Alternate method G17-S10-(D)

The steepest path will be the path which is
deepest from sea level. So, P to R is the G17-S11-(C)
steepest path.
G16-S2- (C)
G17-S6-(C)
In order to verify propositions we have to turn G16-S3- (C)
to card 2 and blue from g=given 4 cards as 1 1

proposition says it has even an one side

9 inches  2   0.25 yards  2
opposite is red. Vice-verse might or might not Squaring on both sides
be true so, answer is (C) as all other options 9 inches = 0.25 yards
are eliminated.
G16-S4- (C)
G17-S7-(D)
(i) is incorrect as its has more directly. G16-S5- (D)
(ii) is incorrect as it stayed for maximum If reflection is seen as Actual will be
duration on ground floor.

G17-S8-(C)
Given, radius of a right circular cone is
increased by 50%.
Let, height of the circular cone =(h) 1: 30 10 : 30
1
Initially, Volume of the cone= r 2 h  (1)
3 Thus present time will be 10 : 30  2 :15
New volume of the cone 12 : 45
1
= r 2 1.5r  h  (2)
2
G16-S6- (D)
3
1 1
From (1) and (2); r 2 h    2.25  h
2
G16-S7- (B)
3 3
Volumeincreased by  (1.25 100)%  125%
G16-S8- (C)
G17-S9-(D)
G16-S9- (D)
L  52  122 13cm Four blocks are needed for each direction
Q (totally 3 directions) to build a bigger cube
L
containing 64 blocks. So area of one side of
R P the bigger cube= 4  4  16units
There are 6 faces so total area
R = 6 16  96units
Circumference of base circle = length of arc When cubes at the corners are removed they
QR introduce new surfaces equal to exposes
surfaces so the area of the bigger cube does
10
(2 5) 13    not change from 96
13
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239
 Numerical Ability

G16-S10-(B) Average of 6 and 4 is 5

From the data given we assume Average of (7+4) and (2+1) is 7
exp onent Average of (1+9+2) and (1+2+1) is 8
load 
log(cycles) Average of (4+1) and (2+3) is 5
x Therefore, Average of (3) and (3) is 3
80   x  160
log(10000)
G15-S2- (B)
x
40   x  160
log(10000) G15-S3- (C)
160
load   43.25 A, C D, G H I, M N O P, UVWXY
log 5000

G16-S11-(D)
B E,F JKL QRST
1 2 3 4
G16-S12- (C)
A B C D E G15-S4- (A)
For whole numbers, greater the value greater
F G H I J will be its log.
Same logic for power of e.

K L M N O G15-S5- (C)
log tan1o  log tan89o  log  tan1o  tan89o 
1: (AEOK)
2: (AEJF), (FJOK)  log  tan1o  cot1o 
4: (ABLK), (BCML), (CDNM), (DEON)  log1  0
2: ACMK, Using the same logic total sum is ‘0’.
ADNK 2 : ECMD, EBLO 2 : ACHF, ADIF
2: ECHJ, G15-S6-(C)
EBGJ 2 : FHMK, FINK 2 : JHMD, JGLO For 1  x  1, 0  x  1. f(x) will be

1: BDNL 2: BDIG, GINL maximum when x is minimum,

8: ABGF, BCHJ, CDIH, EDI, FGLK, GHML, i.e. x  0  x  0

HINM Maximum value of f (x)  1  0  1
Total = 1+2+4+2+2+2+2+2+2+1+2+8=30
G15-S7-(A) M
G16-S13- (A)
3
5 7 7 O 4 km
 x 1 3   x1 3     x  2.74 1 km
7 5 5 P
N
G15-S1-(3) 2 km
Middle number is the average of the numbers
on both sides.

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240
 GATE Explanations

G15-S8- (C) q q 2q
f(x)=2x+33 f q   f  q     2
q q q

G15-S9- (B) G11-S1-(D)

Since U does not want any portfolio, (C) and 1 1
log P  log Q  log  R   k
(D) are ruled out. R wants Home, or Finance 2 3
or No portfolio, (A) is not valid. Hence option  P  b ,Q  b , R  b3k
k 2k

(B) is correct
Now, Q 2  b 4k  b3k b k  PR
G15-S10-(A)
G11-S2-(C)
G15-S11- (A) Given,
If the standard deviation is less, there will be
137 + 276 = 435
less deviation or batsman is more consistent
Adding units digits i.e. 7 + 6 = 13, but given
G14-S1- (B) as 5, which is 13 – 8 and also 1 is carry
For a very large number of throws, the forwarded to the tens place.
frequency should be same for unbiased throw. 1
As it not same, then the die is biased. 7 6
i.e.,
3 7
G14-S2- (C) 0 5
From the figure: zx  2. Here, 7 + 3 + 1 = 11 i.e., 11 – 8 = 3 and 1 is
carry forwarded to hundreds place
1 1
W 1 Z X 1 7 6
2 3 7
1
1 1 3 5
P 1 Y
Q Now, the sum of digits in hundred’s place is
1+1+2=4
(Pythagoras theorem zQ = 1 Given
1 7 6
 Considering ZQX, which is right angle, is
i.e., 2 3 7
 Qx 2  ZQ 2  Zx 2  1  2  3
4 3 5
G14-S3- (A) Using the same logic, we have
2X  Y  6; X  2Y  8 1
X  1.33; Y  3.33;  option  B and  C  1 7 3 1
is rejected becuase X 1.33 6 7 2
1 6 7 2
Option (D) is rejected X 10 / 3
Sum of units digits 1+2 = 3, sum of tens digit
G13-S1- (D) = 3 + 7 = 10 i.e. 10 -2 and + 1 carry forward
Given, and
y q q  q Sum of hundreds digits= 1 + 7 + 6 = 14 i.e., 14
f (y)   f  q   ; f  q    – 8 = 6 and one carry forward.
y q q q

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241
 Numerical Ability

G10-S1- (B) Clock & Calendar

Hari (H), Geetha (G),Irfan (I),Saira (S)-all
G14-S1- (A)
born on 1st Jan.
Angle by minute’s hand
Given Info:
60 min  360 
(i) H+G>I+S
360
(ii) |G-S|=1 i.e., GS should be adjacent. 1min   6
60
(iii) G is not oldest, S is not youngest
(G is not first in list, S is not last)
8min  48o
From option(A) not possible because of Angle  48o with number ‘6’
(ii) is valid. Angle by hours hand
30
From option(B) SGHI 60 min  30o  22 min   22  11
5 431 60
Total Angle=48+11=59o
From option(C) IGSH
5431
G13-S1- (A)
Suppose H+G=5
There are 52 complete weeks in a calendar
I+S=8 not possible as (i) is invalid.
year  527  364days
From option (D) IHSG
5 431 Number of days in a leap year = 366(2days
Suppose H+G=5 extra)
I+S=8 not possible as (i) becomes invalid. 2
 Probability of 53 Saturdays =
So, Option (B) is correct 7
Pipes & Cisterns
Boats & Streams G14-S1- (A)
Vhalf  30(s) drawing rate  s
G10-S1- (4)
Total volume =60 S tank
Speed of man=8;
Left distance =d (s1 )(10)  (s)10  30s
d s1 (s)  s  3s
Time taken= s1  4s
8
Upstream: s1  4drawing rate
Speed of stream=s
Data Sufficiency
 speed upstream  S'  (8  s)
 d  G15-S1- (D)
t'   
8s G15-S2- (C)
Downstream: Let weight of each pole be x
d
Given speed downstream  t ''  I. Given,
x
 15 kg
8s 4
 3t '  t '' 
3d

d  x  60 kg
8s 8s All poles are of same weight
3d d
   s  4km / hr  Weight of 10 poles  10x
8s 8s
 10  60  600 kg
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242
 GATE Explanations

II. Given, 10x  2x  160 G16-S2- (D)

 8x  160 kg  x  20 kg Let the deposited money in the company P
 Weight of 10 poles  10x is 8x
And the deposited money in the company Q
 10  20  200 kg
is 9x
Data Interpretation Interest after one year from the company
P= 8x 
6 
G17-S1-(B) 
 100 
Amar  R
Interest after one year from the company
Akbar  S
Q= 9x 
4 
Anthony  P 
 100 
Ajit  Q
8x  6
As per their preferences given. 4
Ratio of Interest= 100 
9x  4 3
G17-S2-(C) 100
(i) The number of beds made by carpenter G15-S1- (120)
C 2 is exactly the same as the number of Larger plant
tables made by carpenter C3 Installed
220 200 250 200
i.e., beds made by carpenter Capacity
C2  8  tables made by carpenter C3 Actual
160 190 230 190
 From the bar graph  production
Plant
So,(i) is correct. 1 4 8 9
number
(ii) Total Number of tables made by all
carpenters=31. Total production of larger plants =
Total Number of chairs made by all 160+190+230+190=770 tonnes
carpenters=23 Smaller Plant
 23  31(ii) is correct Installed 180 190 160 150 140
Capacity
G16-S1- (B)
Actual 150 160 120 100 120
Total income from
production
Elegance=48(27300+25222+28976+21012)
Plant 2 3 5 6 7
= 4920480
number
Total income from
Smooth=63(20009+19392+22429+18229 = Total production of smaller plants =
5043717 150+160+120+100+120= 650tonnes
Total income from Difference = 770-650 = 120 tonnes
Soft=78(17602+18445+19544+16595)
G15-S2-(16)
=5630508
Electrical malestudents  40
Total income from
4
Executive=173(9999+8942+10234+10109)  Electrical Femalestudents   40  32
=6796132 5
Total no. of Electrical Students = 72.

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243
 Numerical Ability

72 90  70 2
Total no.of students   360 2005 
0.2 70 7
 Total no. of female in civil 120  100 1
4 2006 
 360 0.3   48 100 5
9 120  110 1
Difference = 48  32  16 2007 
110 11

G15-S3- (2006)
From the graph there is steady increase of 10 G14-S2- (D)
from 2000 to 2005 in imports but from 2005 to Item:2 Item:3
20
2006 increase in imports is highest 120-60=30.  250  107
100 23  250  107
Increase in exports in 2006
20
 500  103 19  500  103
100  70
=  42.8% 100
70
0.5  104  5  103 1.2  Item3
Increase in imports in 2006
1  Item 2
120  90
=  33.3% Item: 6 Item:5
90
19 20 5
which is more than any other year
 1.18   1.6
16 12 3
G15-S4- (D)  Item 6  1.6  Item 5
Growth Table:
G14-S3-(20,000)
115  75
I  53% Suppose X=Total Expenditure then 15% of
75 X  4,50,000  X  30,00,000
II Profit=10 lakhs
So, total selling price =40,00,000
III Total purifies=200
40, 00, 000
S.P of each purifier=  20, 000
IV 200
145  108 G14-S4- (22)
V  34%
108 Suppose X=Total Expenditure then 15% of
X  4,50,000  X  30,00,000
Type-I achieved a growth of 53% in the period
which is higher than any other type of battery Expendi Increase Expendi
ture in in ture in
G14-S1-(D) 2012 Expen- 2013
Trade deficit Imports-exports diture
=
Exports exports Transpo
300,000 +20% 360,000
80  70 1 rt (10%)
2004  Labour
70 7 450,000 +20% 540,000
(15%)

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244
 GATE Explanations

Raw G13-S1- (D)

material 750,000 +30% 780,000 Revenue generated through export
(20%) of item 1 Kg
Item 11 11
Energy    5   lakhs tonnes 
750,000 +20% 900,000 quantity 100 20
(25%)
revenue, gen  12 30cr
Plant
  6  250   C    20
and Item  100 11
Machin 900,000 +20% 1,080,000 … (1)
6
ery Revenue gen Item 4   250. C 
(30%) 100
Total 3,000,000 3,660,000 15 cr
  20 Lt. = 1 : 2 … (2)
22
Percentage increase in total cost
30 20  22
 3, 660, 000  3, 000, 000    4 :1
11 15  20
=   100  22%
 3, 000, 000 
G13-S2- (D)
G14-S5- (C)
% increase in raw material
Total marks obtained
6240  5200
= (21×2) + (15×3) + (23×2) =133   100  20%
Total Number of students=44 5200

Average 
133
 3.02  % increase research 
44  
 and development 
G14-S6- (B) 26400  22000
In the question the monthly average rainfall
  100  20%
22000
chart for 50 years has been given.
Let us check the options. % increase
(i) On average, it rains more in July than
in December  correct. Raw 6240  5200
 100 20%
(ii) Every year, the amount of rainfall in material 5200
August is more than that in January. Power & 9450  7000
 100 35%
 may not be correct because average Fuel 7000
rainfall is given in the question.
(iii) July rainfall can be estimated with Salary & 12600  9000
 100 40%
better confidence than February rainfall. Wages 9000
 From chart it is clear the gap between
Plants & 25000  20000
percentile and 95 percentile fro average  100 25%
Machinery 20000
is higher in February than that in July
 So it is correct. 19500  15000
Advertising  100 30%
(iv) In August at least 500 mm rainfall 15000
 May not be correct, because its 50 year 26400  22000
R&D  100 20%
average. 22000
So correct option is (B) (i) and (iii).

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245
 Numerical Ability

G13-S3- (C) Since the question only asks about the least
Total=13500 tourists consumption of fuel per km, it has to be at a
1 speed with maximum mileage.
of total  4500
3 Hence, Q.
3500  1000  England  France
G11-S2- (D)
G12-S1- (D) By observation of the table, we can say S
Total budget = 10,500
Expenditure other than savings = 9000 P Q R S
Requirement 800 600 300 200
9000
Hence,  86% Potency 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8
10500

G11-S1- (B)
Lap P- 60km/l
Lap Q- 90km/l
Lap R- 75km/l
Lap S- 30km/l



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© All rights reserved by Thinkcell Learning Solutions Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission.

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