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Coordinates: 34°34′N 135°46′E

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture ( 奈良県 Nara-ken) is a prefecture in the
Nara Prefecture
Kansai region of Japan.[2] The capital is the city of Nara.[3] Nara
Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World
奈良県
Heritage Listings than any other prefecture.[4] Prefecture
Japanese transcription(s)
 • Japanese 奈良県
Contents  • Rōmaji Nara-ken

History
Up to Nara Period
Nara in the Heian period
Medieval Nara
Flag Symbol
The Sengoku and Edo periods to present
The establishment of Nara Prefecture
Geography
Climate
Cities
Towns and villages
Mergers
Demographics
Politics
Economy
Culture
Dialect
Food culture
Traditional arts
Museums
Country Japan
Region Kansai
Education
Island Honshu
Universities
Capital Nara (city)
Sports
Subdivisions Districts: 7, Municipalities:
Tourism 39
World Heritage sites
Government
Transportation
 • Governor Shōgo Arai
Railroad
Bus Area
from Nara and Tenri  • Total 3,691.09 km2
from Yamato Yagi and Gose (1,425.14 sq mi)
Road Area rank 40th
Expressways and toll roads Population (September 1, 2017)
National highways  • Total 1,348,930
Notes  • Rank 29th
References
 • Density 365.46/km2 (946.5/sq mi)

External links ISO 3166 JP-29

code
Website www.pref.nara.jp/english (h
ttp://www.pref.nara.jp/engli
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sh)
History
Symbols
Nara Prefecture region is considered one of the oldest regions in
Bird Japanese robin
Japan, having been in existence for thousands of years. Like
(Erithacus akahige)
Kyoto, Nara was one of Imperial Japan's earliest capital Fish Goldfish ( Carassius
cities.[5][6] The current form of Nara Prefecture was officially auratus auratus )[1]
created in 1887 when it became independent of Osaka Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis
Prefecture. altivelis)[1]
Amago (Oncorhynchus
Historically, Nara Prefecture was also known as Yamato-no-kuni masou ishikawae)[1]
or Yamato Province.[7] Flower Nara yae zakura
(Prunus verecunda cultivar)
Tree Sugi
Up to Nara Period (Cryptomeria japonica)

From the third century to the fourth century, a poorly documented political force existed at the foot of Mount Miwa,
east of Nara Basin. It sought unification of most parts in Japan. Since the historical beginning of Japan, Yamato was its
political center.

Ancient capitals of Japan were built on the land of Nara, namely Asuka-kyō, Fujiwara-kyō (694–710)[8] and Heijō-kyō
(most of 710–784).[9] The capital cities of Fujiwara and Heijō are believed to have been modeled after Chinese capitals
at the time, incorporating grid layout patterns. The royal court also established relations with Sui and then Tang
dynasty China and sent students to the Middle Kingdom to learn high civilization. By 7th century, Nara accepted the
many immigrants including refugees of Baekje who had escaped from war disturbances of the southern part of the
Korean Peninsula. The first high civilization with royal patronage of Buddhism flourished in today's Nara city (710–
784 AD).

Nara in the Heian period

In 784, Emperor Kanmu decided to relocate the capital to Nagaoka-kyō in
Yamashiro Province, followed by another move in 794 to Heian-kyō,
marking the start of the Heian period. The temples in Nara remained
powerful beyond the move of political capital, thus giving Nara a synonym
of "Nanto" (meaning "South Capital") as opposed to Heian-kyō, situated in
the north. Close to the end of Heian period, Taira no Shigehira, a son of
Taira no Kiyomori, was ordered by his father to depress the power of
various parties, mainly Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji, who were backing up an
Kōfuku-ji
opposition group headed by Prince Mochihito. The movement led to a
collision between the Taira and the Nara temples in 1180. This clash
eventually led to Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji being set on fire, resulting in vast destruction of architectural heritage.

Medieval Nara
At the rise of the Minamoto to its ruling seat and the opening of Kamakura shogunate, Nara enjoyed the support of
Minamoto no Yoritomo toward restoration. Kōfuku-ji, being the "home temple" to the Fujiwara since its foundation,
not only regained the power it had before but became a de facto regional chief of Yamato Province. With the
reconstruction of Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji, a town was growing again near the two temples.

The Nanboku-chō period, starting in 1336, brought more instability to Nara. As Emperor Go-Daigo chose Yoshino as
his base, a power struggle arose in Kōfuku-ji with a group supporting the South and another siding the North court.
Likewise, local clans were split into two. Kōfuku-ji recovered its control over the province for a short time at the

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surrender of the South Court in 1392, while the internal power game of the
temple itself opened a way for the local samurai clans to spring up and fight
with each other, gradually acquiring their own territories, thus diminishing
the influence of Kōfuku-ji overall.

The Sengoku and Edo periods to present

Later, the whole province of Yamato got drawn into the confusion of the
Sengoku period. Tōdai-ji was once again set on fire in 1567, when
The red autumn leaves in Yoshino
Matsunaga Hisahide, who was later appointed by Oda Nobunaga to the lord
of Yamato Province, fought for supremacy against his former master
Miyoshi family. Followed by short appointments of Tsutsui Junkei and
Toyotomi Hidenaga by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the lord, the Tokugawa
shogunate ultimately ruled the city of Nara directly, and most parts of
Yamato province with a few feudal lords allocated at Kōriyama, Takatori
and other places. With industry and commerce developing in the 18th
century, the economy of the province was incorporated into prosperous
Osaka, the commercial capital of Japan at the time.

The economic dependency to Osaka even characterizes today's Nara

Prefecture, for many inhabitants commute to Osaka to work or study there.

The establishment of Nara Prefecture The restored turret of Kōriyama

Castle
A first prefecture (briefly -fu in 1868, but -ken for most of the time)[10]
named Nara was established in the Meiji Restoration in 1868 as successor
to the shogunate administration of the shogunate city and shogunate lands in Yamato. After the 1871 Abolition of the
han system, Nara was merged with other prefectures (from former han, see List of Han#Yamato Province) and cleared
of ex-/enclaves to encompass all of Yamato province. In 1876, Nara was merged into Sakai which in turn became part
of Osaka in 1881. In 1887, Nara became independent again. The first prefectural assembly of Nara was elected in the
same year and opened its first session in 1888 in the gallery of the main hall of Tōdai temple.[11]

In the 1889 Great Meiji mergers which subdivided all (then 45) prefectures into modern municipalities, Nara
prefecture's 16 districts were subdivided into 154 municipalities: 10 towns and 144 villages. The first city in Nara was
only established in 1898 when Nara Town from Soekami District was made district-independent to become Nara City
(see List of mergers in Nara Prefecture and List of mergers in Osaka Prefecture).

Geography
Nara Prefecture is part of the Kansai, or Kinki, region of Japan, and is located in the middle of the Kii Peninsula on the
western half of Honshu. Nara Prefecture is landlocked. It is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka
Prefecture; on the north by Kyoto Prefecture and on the east by Mie Prefecture.

Nara Prefecture is 78.5 km from east to west and 103.6 km from north to south.

Most of the prefecture is covered by mountains and forests, leaving an inhabitable area of only 851 km². The ratio of
inhabitable area to total area is 23%, ranked 43rd among the 47 prefectures in Japan.[12]

Nara Prefecture is bisected by the Japan Median Tectonic Line (MTL) running through its territory east to west, along
the Yoshino River. On the northern side of the MTL is the so-called Inner Zone, where active faults running north to
south are still shaping the landscape. The Ikoma Mountains in the northwest form the border with Osaka Prefecture.

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The Nara Basin, which lies to the east of these mountains, contains the
highest concentration of population in Nara Prefecture. Further east are the
Kasagi Mountains, which separate the Basin from the Yamato Highlands.

South of the MTL is the Outer Zone, comprising the Kii Mountains, which
occupy about 60% of the land area of the prefecture. The Ōmine Range is in
the center of the Kii Mountains, running north to south, with steep valleys
on both sides. The tallest mountain in Nara Prefecture, and indeed in the
Kansai region, is Mount Hakkyō. To the west, separating Nara Prefecture
from Wakayama Prefecture, is the Obako Range, with peaks around 1,300
metres. To the east, bordering Mie Prefecture, is the Daikō Range,
including Mount Ōdaigahara. This mountainous region is also home to a
World Heritage Site, the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii
Mountain Range".

About 17% of the total land area of the prefecture is designated as National
Park land, comprising the Yoshino-Kumano National Park, Kongō-Ikoma-
Kisen, Kōya-Ryūjin, Murō-Akame-Aoyama, and Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-
National Parks; and the Tsukigase-Kōnoyama, Yata, and Yoshinogawa- Map of Nara Prefecture
Tsuboro Prefectural Natural Parks.[13]      City      Town      Village

Climate
In the Nara Basin, the climate has inland characteristics, as represented in
the bigger temperature variance within the same day, and the difference of
summer and winter temperatures. Winter temperatures average about 3 to
5°C, and 25 – 28°C in the summer with highest reaching close to 35°C.
There is not a single year over the last decade (since 1990, up to 2007) with
more than 10 days of snowfall recorded by Nara Local Meteorological
Observatory.

The climate in the rest of the prefecture are mountainous, and especially in
the south, with below −5°C being the extreme minimum in winter. Heavy
rainfall is observed in summer. The annual accumulated rainfall ranges as
much as 3000 to 5000 mm, which is among the heaviest in Japan.

Spring and fall are temperate. The mountainous region of Yoshino has been
popular both historically and presently for its cherry blossoms in the
spring. In the fall, the southern mountains are equally striking with the
changing of the oak trees.
Tanzan Shrine in autumn

Cities
There are twelve cities in Nara Prefecture:

Gojō
Gose
Ikoma
Kashiba
Kashihara
Katsuragi
Nara (capital)

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Sakurai
Tenri
Uda
Yamatokōriyama
Yamatotakada

Towns and villages

There are seven districts in Nara, which are further divided into 15 towns
and 12 villages as follows: Hōryū-ji at cherry blossom, Ikaruga
Town
Ikoma District
Ando
Heguri
Ikaruga
Sangō
Kitakatsuragi District
Kanmaki
Kawai
Kōryō
Ōji
Shiki District
Kawanishi
Miyake
Tawaramoto
Takaichi District
Asuka
Takatori
Uda District
Mitsue
Soni
Yamabe District
Yamazoe
Yoshino District
Higashiyoshino
Kamikitayama
Kawakami
Kurotaki
Nosegawa
Ōyodo
Shimoichi
Shimokitayama
Tenkawa
Totsukawa
Yoshino

Mergers

Demographics
According to the 2005 Census of Japan, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,421,310, which is a decrease of 1.5%,
since the year 2000.[15]

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The decline continued in 2006, with another

decrease of 4,987 people compared to 2005. This Population by districts[14]
includes a natural decrease from previous year of Area Size Density
District Population
288 people (11,404 births minus 11,692 deaths) and (km²) per km²
a decrease due to net domestic migration of 4,627 Yamato flat inland plain 837.27 1,282 1,531
people outbound from the prefecture, and a (Share in %) 22.7% 89.7%
decrease of 72 registered foreigners. Net domestic
Yamato highland 506.89 56 110
migration has turned into a continuous outbound
trend since 1998. The largest destinations of (Share in %) 13.7% 3.9%
migration in 2005 were the prefectures of Kyoto, Gojō, Yoshino 2,346.84 92 39
Tokyo, and Hyōgo, with respectively a net of (Share in %) 63.6% 6.4%
1,130,982 and 451 people moving over. The largest
Total Prefecture 3,691.09 1,430 387
inbound migration was from Niigata Prefecture,
contributing to a net increase of 39 people. 13.7% of (Share in %) 100.0% 100.0%

its population were reported as under 15, 65.9%

between 15 and 64, and 20.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 52.5% of the population.[16]

As of 2004, the average density of the prefecture is 387 people per km². By districts,[17] the so-called Yamato flat
inland plain holds as much as about 90% of total population within the approximately 23% size of area in the north-
west, including the Nara Basin, representing a density of 1,531 people per km². To the contrast, the combined district
Gojō and Yoshino District occupies almost 64% of the land, while only 6% of people lives there, resulting in a density of
39 people km².

Nara prefecture had the highest rate in Japan of people commuting outbound for work, at 30.9% in 2000. A similar
tendency is seen in prefectures such as Saitama, Chiba, and Kanagawa, all three of them having over 20% of people
commuting for other prefectures.[12]

Politics
A governor and members of prefectural assembly is elected by citizens in accordance with the Local Autonomy
Law.
As of 2007, there are 44 seats in the Nara Prefectural Assembly, voted through 16 electoral blocks.
There was a clear tendency seen through the results of Lower House election in 2005, that the younger
generation executes its voting right much less compared to the older. Only 48.8% of citizens age 20–29 voted,
whereas all older generations (grouped by decades) votes more than its younger, reaching the highest voting rate
of 86.3% at ages 60–69. The only exception was the 72.1% voting right executed by citizens of 70 or older. The
overall average of the prefecture who voted was yet higher, at 70.3%, than that of nationwide average, 67.5%.[18]

Economy
The 2004 total gross prefecture product (GPP) for Nara was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. The per
capita income was ¥2.6 million, which is a 1.3% decrease from previous year. The 2004 total gross prefecture product
(GPP) for Nara was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. Manufacturing has the biggest share in the GPP of
Nara with 20.2% of share, followed by services (19.1%) and real estates (16.3%). The share of agriculture including
forestry and fishery was a mere 1.0%, only above mining, which is quasi-inexistent in Nara.[19]

Tourism is treated by the prefectural government as one of the most important features of Nara, because of its
natural environment and historical significance.
Nara is famed for its Kaki persimmon. Strawberry and tea are some other popular products of the prefecture, while
rice and vegetables, including spinach, tomato, eggplants, and others are the dominant in terms of amount of
production.
Nara is a center for the production of instruments used in conducting traditional Japanese artforms. Brush and ink
(sumi) are the best known products from Nara for calligraphy. Wooden or bamboo instruments, especially from
Takayama area (in Ikoma city) are famous products for tea ceremony.

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Goldfish from Yamatokōriyama in Nara have been a traditional

aquacultural product since the 18th century.
Due to its rich history, Nara is also the location of many archeological
digs, with many famous ones being located in the village of Asuka.

Culture
The culture of Nara is tied to the Kansai region in which it is located.
However, like each of the other prefectures of Kansai, Nara has unique
aspects to its culture, parts of which stem from its long history dating back
to the Nara period.

Dialect
There are large differences in dialect between the north/central region of
the prefecture, where Nara city is located, and the Okunoya district in the
south. The north/central dialect is close to Osaka's dialect, whilst
Okunoya's dialect favours a Tokyo-style accent. The lengthening of vowels
sounds in the Okunoya dialect is not seen in other dialects of the Kinki
region, making it a special feature.

Food culture
Foods particular to Nara Prefecture include:

Narazuke, a method of pickling vegetables

Miwa sōmen, a type of wheat noodle
Chagayu, a rice porridge made with green tea
Kakinoha zushi, sushi wrapped in persimmon leaves
Meharizushi, rice balls wrapped in pickled takana leaves

Traditional arts
The following are recognized by the Minister of Economy, Trade and
Industry as being traditional arts of Nara:[20][21]

Takayama Tea Whisk (Bamboo item category, recognized in 1975)

Nara Calligraphy Brush (Stationery category, recognized in 1977)

Museums
Nara National Museum
Heijō Palace Museum
Nara Prefectural Museum of Art
Kashihara Archaeological Institute Museum

A huge Nara calligraphy brush

Education

Universities
Nara Women's University
Nara Medical University
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Nara University of Education

Nara University
Nara Prefectural University
Nara Sangyo University (Nara Industrial University)
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Kio University
Tezukayama University
Tenri University
Hakuho college

Sports
The sports teams listed below are based in Nara.
Statue at Tōdai-ji
Football (Soccer)

Nara Club (Nara)

Basketball

Bambitious Nara (Nara)

Tourism
Many jinja (Shinto shrines), Buddhist temples, and kofun exist in Nara Prefecture, making it is a centre for tourism.
Moreover, many world heritage sites, such as the temple Tōdai-ji and Kasuga Shrine, exist in the capital city of Nara.

World Heritage sites

Buddhist Monuments Historic Monuments of
in the Hōryū-ji Area Ancient Nara
Hōryū-ji 法隆寺 Tōdai-ji 東⼤寺
Hokki-ji (Hōki-ji)   法起寺 Kōfuku-ji 興福寺
Kasuga Shrine 春⽇⼤社
Gangō-ji 元興寺
Yakushi-ji 薬師寺
Tōshōdai-ji 唐招提寺
Heijō Palace remains   平城宮跡
Shōsō-in 正倉院
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes
in the Kii Mountain Range
Area
Mt. Yoshino   Kinpusen-ji
Yoshino Mikumari Shrine
Kinpu Shrine
Yoshimizu Shrine
Mount Omine Ominesan-ji

Buddhist temples Shinto shrines

Asuka-dera ⾶⿃寺 Isonokami Shrine   ⽯上神宮
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Chūgū-ji 中宮寺 Kashihara Shrine 橿原神宮

Hase-dera ⻑⾕寺 Danzan Shrine 談⼭神社
Hōrin-ji 法輪寺 Ōmiwa Shrine ⼤神神社
Murō-ji 室⽣寺 Ōyamato Shrine ⼤和神社
Saidai-ji ⻄⼤寺
Shin-Yakushi-ji 新薬師寺
Southern Hokke-ji 南法華寺
Taima-dera 当麻寺
Kofun and heritage Hot springs
Monuments of Asuka-Fujiwara, proposed for Dorogawa 洞川温泉
inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage
⼊之波温
List
⽯舞
Shionoha
泉
Ishibutai Tomb 台古 Kamiyu 上湯温泉
墳 ⼗津川温
キト
Totsukawa  
泉
Kitora Tomb ラ古
墳
⾼松
Takamatsuzuka Tomb   塚古
墳
箸墓
Hashihaka Tomb
古墳
⾺⾒
Umami Kofun Group 古墳
群
酒船
Sakafuneishi Heritage ⽯遺
跡
Mountains Other attractions
⼤和三⼭
Yamato Sanzan*   Nara Park 奈良公園
Mount Wakakusa 若草⼭ Yoshino-Kumano National Park 吉野熊野国⽴公園
* "Three Mountains of Yamato" Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen Quasi-National Park   ⾦剛⽣駒紀泉国定公園
Kōya-Ryūjin Quasi-National Park ⾼野⿓神国定公園
Murō-Akame-Aoyama Quasi-National Park 室⽣⾚⽬⻘⼭国定公園
Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-National Park ⼤和⻘垣国定公園

Transportation

Railroad

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JR West

Yamatoji Line
Kansai Line
Manyo Mahoroba Line
Wakayama Line
Kintetsu

Nara Line
Keihanna Line
Kyoto Line
Kashihara Line
Ikoma Line
World Heritage Sites in Nara
Ikoma Cable Line
Tenri Line
Osaka Line
Tawaramoto Line
Minami Osaka Line
Gose Line
Yoshino Line

Bus

from Nara and Tenri

Shinjuku, Tokyo
Tokyo Station
Yokohama
Tokyo Disneyland in Urayasu
Makuhari, Chiba Prefecture
Nagoya
Osaka International Airport
Kansai International Airport

from Yamato Yagi and Gose

Shinjuku, Tokyo
Shingu
Totsukawa

Road

Expressways and toll roads

Nishi-Meihan Expressway
Meihan Road
Keinawa Expressway
Second Hanna(Osaka-Nara) Road
South Hanna Road

National highways

Route 24

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Route 25 (Osaka-Tenri-Nabari-Yokkaichi)
Route 163
Route 165
Route 166
Route 168 (Hirakata-Ikoma-Kashiba-Gojo-Totsukawa-Shingu)
Route 169 (Nara-Tenri-Oyodo-Yoshino-Shingu)
Route 308
Route 309
Route 310
Route 311
Route 368
Route 369
Route 370
Route 371
Route 422
Route 425

Notes
1. " ⾦⿂・アユ・アマゴを「奈良県のさかな」に – MSN 産経 west" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120627160424/htt
p://sankei.jp.msn.com/west/west_life/news/120627/wlf12062712140008-n1.htm) [Goldfish, Ayu, and Amago
elected "Fish of Nara prefecture".]. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). June 27, 2012. Archived from the original (htt
p://sankei.jp.msn.com/west/west_life/news/120627/wlf12062712140008-n1.htm) on June 27, 2012. Retrieved
June 27, 2012.
2. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Nara-ken" in (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA69
9)Japan Encyclopedia, p. 699 (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA699), p. 699, at
Google Books; "Kansai" at p. 477 (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA477), p. 477, at
Google Books.
3. Nussbaum, "Nara" at p. 698 (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA698), p. 698, at Google
Books.
4. "Nara" (http://www.gojapango.com/travel/nara.htm). GoJapanGo. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
5. Imamura, Keiji. Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia. University of Hawaii Press. p. 13.
6. Karan, Pradyumna Prasad. Japan in the 21st Century: Environment, Economy, and Society. University Press of
Kentucky. p. 237.
7. Nussbaum, "Yamato" at p. 1046 (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA1046), p. 1046, at
Google Books.
8. 奈良⽂化財研究所 (November 8, 2014). "藤原宮⼤極殿院の調査(⾶⿃藤原第182次)" (http://sitereports.nabunken.g
o.jp/en/list/29/J84604/p/2/item/14924?sort=publish_date%253Ar). Comprehensive Database of Archaeological
Site Reports in Japan. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
9. 奈良市埋蔵⽂化財調査センター (November 2, 2009). "出⼟品に⾒る奈良のやきものと暮らし" (http://sitereports.n
abunken.go.jp/291). Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan. Retrieved September 2,
2016.
10. 奈良県の誕⽣ ("The birth of Nara prefecture") (http://www.library.pref.nara.jp/sites/default/files/002_s.pdf), Nara
Prefectural Library, retrieved March 15, 2019.
11. Nara Prefecture for children: ならけんはいつできたのかな (~"When was Nara prefecture created?") (http://www.pr
ef.nara.jp/1335.htm), Nara Prefectural Government, retrieved March 15, 2019.
12. " 奈良県統計情報 "100 の指標
" ("100 Indices of Nara" by Nara Statistics Division, Nara Prefecture)" (http://www.pre
f.nara.jp/pro/toukei/index.htm) (in Japanese). Retrieved March 17, 2007.
13. "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/doc/fil
es/np_6.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. April 1, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
14. Whitepaper on Ecology (Japanese) (http://www.eco.pref.nara.jp/hakusho/h17/pdf/H17hakusho.pdf). Prefecture of
Nara. Retrieved April 10, 2007.

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15. "Population Census 2005" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080415201002/http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/chous

a_shoukai/h17kokusei/index.html) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/cho
usa_shoukai/h17kokusei/index.html) on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2007. (Including official amendment of
March 5, 2007)
16. "Population Statistics of Nara Prefecture 2006" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080118064416/http://www.pref.nar
a.jp/pro/toukei/group/jinkou/jinkou.htm) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/touke
i/group/jinkou/jinkou.htm) on January 18, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
17. Defined by Nara Prefecture for the convenience of statistical analysis. See "Population of each district" (http://ww
w.pref.nara.jp/pro-e/toukei/zu1.html) for 2005 figures.
18. "tōhyō ritsu no sui'i ( 投票率の推移
Evolution in voting rate, Nara Prefecture" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008061
2055657/http://www.pref.nara.jp/senkan/contents/tohyoritsu.htm) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://
www.pref.nara.jp/senkan/contents/tohyoritsu.htm) on June 12, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
19. " 奈良県⺠経済計算 (Nara kenmin keizai keisan Nara Prefectural Economy)" (https://web.archive.org/web/2007031
4160140/http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/group/kikaku/kenmin.htm). Nara Prefecture. April 9, 2002. Archived
from the original (http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro/toukei/group/kikaku/kenmin.htm) on March 14, 2007. Retrieved
March 28, 2007. English page with much less details are available here (http://www.pref.nara.jp/pro-e/toukei/index.
html).
20. " 奈良県の産地紹介 " (http://www.kansai.meti.go.jp/3-5sangyo/densan_page/santi_nara.html) [Introduction to Nara
Prefecture's Items] (in Japanese). METI. 2004. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
21. " 奈良県の産地 " (http://www.kansai.meti.go.jp/3-5sangyo/densan_page/santi_nara.pdf) [Nara Prefecture's Items]
(PDF). METI. Retrieved July 8, 2015.

References
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. (https://books.google.com/books?id=p2Q
nPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a) Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128 (h
ttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition)

External links
Official Nara Prefecture homepage (https://web.archive.org/web/20071214190316/http://www.pref.nara.jp/english/i
ndex.html)
Nara Prefecture All Rights Reserved (https://www.visitnara.jp/)
okuyamato.pref.nara (http://www.okuyamato.pref.nara.jp/utsukushiki-nippon-nara/)
Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (UNESCO) (http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=660)
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (UNESCO) (http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=870)
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (UNESCO) (http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31
&id_site=1142)
Map of Nara City (http://www.aist-nara.ac.jp/~nomurak/apo/MapNara.pdf)
Photos of Nara's temples & shrines (http://www.taleofgenji.org/japanese_temples.html)
Nara Tourist Information Center (http://narashikanko.jp/english/e_hp.html)
Commemorative Events of the 1300th Anniversary of Nara Heijo-kyo Capital (https://web.archive.org/web/201004
13114017/http://www.1300.jp/foreign/english/index.html)
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan (http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en), Nara
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties

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