Chapter No -7 ( Matrices )

3 10 10
1. aij  sin(i  j ) i
 tr ( A)     2 
i2 
 a ji   aij i 1 i 1

 Matrix is skew-symmetric of order 3 10(11)(21)

  0 1 1 2  2  3  3  4  4  5
 det ( A)  0 6
 385  25  400
 cos  sin    cos  sin    trace( A)  410
2. A  AT   
sin  cos    sin  cos  
5. Case (1) : If all the diagonal elements are 2 , then total
 2 cos  0  1 0 no. of symmetric arrangements =3
  
 0 2 cos   0 1  Case (2) : If the diagonal elements are 2 , 1 and 1 , then
total no. of symmetric arrangements = 9
1

s
 2 cos   1  cos    n(s )  9  3  12

ic
2



  2 n  or (2n  1) 
2
at 6. AB  B

m
3 3  ( AB) B 1  BB 1 (if | B |  0)

3. If bij and cij are the corresponding cofactors of aij

t h e  A I

a a
Similarly , BA  A  ( BA) A1  AA1 (if | A |  0)

M m
2

r
and bij respectively , then det ( B )   det ( A)  and  BI

det ( c)   det ( B ) 
2
E e
JE iv .S h a Now , A2  B 2  I 2  I 2  I  I

IIT -
c t .K  A2  B 2  2 I if | A |  0 and | B |  0

je Er L
det (2 ABT C )  8 det ( ABT C )
.

 8det ( A).det ( B).det (C )

O b2
 8 det ( A).  det ( A)  .  det ( A) 
4
1 1 1 
7. A  1 3 2

 8(2)7  210  1024 1 2 4

11  det ( A)  5
10 10 10 10 10
r 1
Cr 1  C0  C1  C2  ....  C10  1024
Now det (adj A)  | A |n 1
2
11  det  adj  adj ( A)    | A |( n 1)
 det (2 ABT C )   10
Cr 1
r 1  (5)4  625

10 8. Matrices which are possible are either of order

4. tr ( A)  
i 1
aii 7 1 or 1 7
 total no. of matrices  7! 7!  2(7!)
i  j 
aij  2i 3  ij  2i 2 j   2
  sin (i  j ) 9. In given matrices A and B ,
 4 
3
i 
3
 aii  2i  i  2i     02 3  AB     a .b   j j
2 j 1

i  3
 aii  i 2     a .b 
2
  AB   
 1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [53]

 3
Now  ( AB )  ( AB ) 11  ( AB) 22  ( AB)33 7
 1  pq 2  8

Ck  2 28  2 
k 1
 trace ( AB)
 option (a) is correct because trace (AB) is always  p  q  508
equal to trace (BA)
13. 6A1  A2  pA  qI
10. A   I
 6 A1 ( A)  A3  pA2  qA ( | A |  0)
 A2010  ( ) 2010 .( I )2010

 (1)( I ) 2010 ( ( )3n  1 ; n  I )  A3  pA2  qA  6I  0 ...(i)

Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
I ( I n  I ; n  N ) | A  I |  0

1  0 0
 3/2 1/ 2  T T
11. A     AA  I  A A  0 1  1 0
 1/ 2 3 / 2 0 2 4
Now , C  ABAT  (1   )  (1   )(4   )  2   0

s
T T T T T
 A CA  A ABA A  B ( AA  A A  I )

c
  3  6 2  11  6  0 ...(ii)
C 2  ABAT ABAT  AB 2 AT
T 2 T 2
 A C A  A AB A A  B ( AA  A A  I ) T 2

atiT T
Equation (ii) is the characteristic equation for matrix A
and according to cayley-hlamiltan theorem matrix A

m
satisfy equation (ii)
Similarly , C n  AB n AT

t h e  A3  6 A2  11A  6I  0
Comparing the equation (ii) with equation (i)

a
 AT C n A  B n
a
M
 p  6 and q  11
 AT C 2010 A  B 2010
rm
e a
 2 p  q  1
1 1 1 2 
 B2   E
JE iv .S h
t
B
-
 
0 1 0 1 
IIT c .K 14. AAT  I

1 n 
Bn   
b je Er .L  a b c   a b c  1 0 0 

O
0 1   b c a  b c a   0 1 0 


1 2010 
AT C 2010 A  B 2010    c a b   c a b  0 0 1 
0 1 
 a 2  b 2  c2  1 and ab  bc  ca  0


12. Ak   k
0  a3  b3  c3  3abc  (a  b  c)(a 2  b2  c 2  ab  bc  ac)
0  k 
 a 3  b3  c3  3abc  (a  b  c ) a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac

 7 
 a3  b3  c 3  3(1)  (a  b  c) 1  0
7
 k
 k 1
 0 
  p 0
 Ak  
7    0 q
 
 a 3  b 3  c3  3  a  b  c
k 1  0  k 



k 1  15. Put i  j  k to conclude the nature of diagonal
elements
7 7
 pq   k   k
 (1)2i aii  (1)2i aii  (1)2i aii  0
k 1 k 1
 3aii  0 ,  aii  0
7
 a11  a22  a33  0
 pq   
k 1
k  k 
Now , put k  i

7  ( 1)i  j aij  ( 1) ji

a ji  ( 1) 2i aii  0
 pq  k 
k 1
8
Ck  2   C   k  C 
8
k
8
k

 (1)i  j aij  a ji  0  0 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [54]
  aij  a ji 20. If A is singular matrix , then det ( A)  0
 Matrix A is skew-symmetric of order 3
1  sin 2  cos2  4sin 4
 det ( A)  0
 sin 2  1  cos 2  4sin 4 0
2 2
sin  cos  1  4sin 4
16. det ( A)   sin 3 
 det ( A) is independent from  Apply C1  C1  C2 and then R1  R1  R2

0 1 0
3 3 1     
 det ( A)       ,   2 1  cos  2
4 sin 4 0
8 8   6 3 
2
1 cos  1  4sin 4

0 1 1  (2sin 4  1)  0
17. A  1 0 2 1
1 2 0  sin 4  
2
 det ( A)  4 and trace ( A)  0 1 n   
   n  (1)     ; n  I
T
A  A  A is symmetric matrix 4  6 

ics 7 11 23 19

t
If   [0 ,  ] , then   , , ,

a
18. det ( A)  1 24 24 24 24

m
 A is invertible matrix    R

A 1 
1  sin 

i cos  
sin  
t h e 1 0 
21. A   
1 2 
 1
 An   n
0
n
2  1 2 

a
(1)  i cos 
a
 Inverse of A( )  A(   )

E e M h arm 
 1
A8  
0 


JE iv .S
A( )  A(   )  0  255 256 

IIT -
c t .K  255 0  256 0 

je Er L
Now , 255 A  256 I   
.

1 1  255 510   0 256 

b
19. A   
0 1

O  1 0  8
 A
1 n   255 254 
 An   
0 1   Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true

1 n 
 ( An ) 1  ( A1 ) n    22. AB  0 ; det ( A)  0
0 1 
A1 ( AB)  A1 (0)
1 1 1 0   2 1
AAT       IB  0  B  0
0 1 1 1  1 1
 det ( B )  0
 AAT  I Statement (1) is true
 A is not orthogonal matrix If AB  0 , then det ( AB )  0
1 n   1 0   0 n   det ( A).det ( B)  0
An     
0 1  0 1  0 0   Both A and B can never be non-singular
statement (2) is true and the correct explanation for
0 1 
An  I  n B  B    statement (1).
0 0 
 det ( B )  0 a b 
23. Let A    , where b , c  0 , a , d  1
det adj  adj (2 AP )   | 2 AP | c d 

 4 | A | | P |  4(1)(1)  4  A   I.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [55]

  a 2  bc ab  bd  1 0
If A2  I , then  2
 
 ac  cd cb  d  0 1 
 a 2  bc  1 , b(a  d )  0, c(a  d )  0, d 2  bc  1
If b , c  0 , then a  d  0
 a 2  bc  1
Now , det ( A)  ad  bc  ad  a 2  1  a(a  d )  1
 det ( A)  1 ( a  d  0)
Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false

24. ( I  A)1  A4  A3  A2  A  I

( I  A)( I  A) 1  ( I  A)( A4  A3  A2  A  I ) ( A  I )

 I  ( I )5  A5

 A5  0

s
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
not correct.

tic
25. aij   a ji  A   AT

m a
 A is skew-symmetric matrix

t h e
a
Now , ( BT An B)T  BT ( An )T ( BT )T
a
 BT ( AT ) n ( B)

E e M h arm
JE iv .S
 BT ( A)n B

IIT -
c t .K
je Er L
 BT An B  n  7!  even no.
.
O
 BT An B is symmetric matrix b
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [56]

 1. Case 1 : If all the diagonal elements are 1 , then no. In the following cases det ( A) is zero.
of symmetric matrices = 3
Case 2 : If the diagonal elements are 1 , 0 , 0 , then no. 1 1 0
of symmetric matrices = 9 1 1 0  System is inconsistent
 
 No. of matrices in S  9  3  12 0 0 1 

2. If system of linear equations is having unique

0 0 1
solution , then det ( A)  0 0 1 0 
  System is inconsistent
Case 1 : All diagonal elements are 1 1 0 1 
1 a b
A   a 1 c  1 0 0 
0 1 1 
System has in finite solutions
 b c 1 

s
 

c
 0 1 1 

i
In a , b and c two of the entries are zero
det ( A)  (1  a 2  b2  c2  2abc)
at 1 1 1 

m
1 0 0  

e
 1  a 2  b 2  c2 ( 2abc  0)   System has infinite solutions

h
1 0 0 

t
Now , det ( A)  0 in all the situations for case (1)
because two entries are zero and the third is 1.

M a rm
 In case (1) , matrix A which is element of S is not a 0 1 0 

e
1 1 1  
possible
E
JE iv .S h a  
0 1 0 
System is inconsistent

- t
Case 2 : If diagonal elements are 1 , 0 and 0

IIT c .K
je Er L
a h g
. 0 1 1

b
Let A  h b f 1 0 0  

O
  System is inconsistent
g f c
1 0 1 
 det ( A)  abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  Number of matrices in S for which the system is
2 2 2 inconsistent are 4
 (af  bg  ch ) ( abc  fgh  0)
Now out of a , b , c , only one of them can be 1
(because they are diagonal elements) 4. If matrix 'P' is orthogonal , then PPT  I

 a  f 1 , h 1 , g  0  0 a a   0 2b c  1 0 0 
 a  f 1 , h  0 , g 1   2b b b   a b c   0 1 0 
     
 b  g  1 , f  0 , h  1  c c c   a b c  0 0 1 
 det ( A)  1 if 
 b  g 1 , f 1 , h  0
 c  h 1 , g 1 , f  0  2a 2 0 0  1 0 0
  
 c  h  1 , g  0 , f  1   0 6b 2
0   0 1 0 
 
 0 0 3c 2  0 0 1 
 from case (1) and (2) , 6 matrices are possible
which are non-singular.
1 1 1
3. For matrix equation AX  B , the system is  a ;b ,c
2 6 3
inconsistent if det ( A)    0 and (adj A) B  0 . If square matrix of order 2  2 is formed with entries
Total number of matrices A in set S for which 0 , a , b and c , then total number of matrices
det ( A)  0 , are 6  4!(2  2  2)  192

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [57]

  / 2 0 0   (1)99 .(3)3 .(1)
  / 6 0 
5. Q   0  27
 0 0  / 3
T
3 4 5 
 / 2 0 0   / 2 0 0  1
   9. B 1  0 1 1
T
QQ   0  /6 0  0  / 6 0  3
0 0 3 
 0 0  / 3  0 0  / 3
 1 0 0
 2 / 4 0 0  1 0 0
    4 / 3 1/ 3 0

 0 2 /3 0    0 1 0 
  5 / 3 1/ 3 1 
 0 0  2 / 9   0 0 1   Sum of elements = 3
    2 ,   6 and   3
 1 1 3  1 1 3 
Number of ordered triplets ( ,  ,  )
10. A   5 2 6   5 2 6 
2
 2 2 2  8
 2 1 3  2 1 3

6. k 
1
 (2)(6)(3)  36
ics 0 0 0
(a 2 )(b 2 )(c 2 )

at  A2   3 3 9 

m
 ( x1 )( x2 )( x3 )  36  1 1 3

 ( x1 )( x2 )( x3 )  22  32

t h e  k2

a a
2
 0 0 0  1 1 3 
No. of positive integral solutions   2  31
C31

E e M h arm A3  A2 A   3 3 9   5 2 6 

JE iv .S
2
  4
C2   36  1 1 3  2 1 3

 II
T -
ct .K
je Er L
0 0 0
7. Let R1   a b c
.
b
A  0 0 0
3

O
1 0 0 0 0 0
 R1 A   a b c  2 1 0  1 0 0
   k 3
 3 2 1
11. Let the element of matrix A be represented by small
 a  2b  c  1
letters (i.e. , a , b , c , d , .... etc) and the elements of
b  2c  0
matrix B be represented by capital letters
c0
(i.e. A , B , C , ....)
 a  1 , b  0 and c  0
 R1  1 0 0 a b c d A E I M
e f g h  B F J N 
Similarly R2 and R3 can be calculated as : Now , ABT   
i j k l C G K O
   
R2   4 3 0 ; R3   3 1 1 m n o p D H L P

 1 0 0 Apply Basic theorems the determinant

Now , B   4 3 0  | A | 0 0 0 
 
 3 1 1   0 | A| 0 0 
 C
 0 0 | A| 0 
 det ( B )  3  
 0 0 0 | A |
8. C  ( A)99 .( B)3 .(2 A  B)
 trace(c )  4 | A |  4(2)  8
99 3
det (c)  | A | . | B | . | 2 A  B |  Sum of diagonal element of c  8

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [58]

 12. System of equations is : 14. Converting the given matrix A into the echelon form

2 x 3  2ay 3  (a  1)2  Apply R3  R3  R1   R2 and R2  R2   R1

 a , x , y  R and x  y  0
x3  ax 2 y  xy 2  1  1 4 5 
 
Substitute y   x  ~ A  0 8  4 (3  6) 
0 16  8  8 2 
 2 x3  2ax3  (a  1)2  2(a  1) x3  (a  1)2 ...(i)  0

and x3  ax3  x3  1  (2  a) x3  1 ...(ii) 1

Apply R3  R3
8
1
 x3  if a  2
(2  a) 1 4 5 
from equation (ii) 
  A  0 4(2   ) 3(  2) 
2( a  1) ( a  1)  a (1  a )  0 0 (  1)(  2) 
  ( a  1) 2  0  0
(2  a ) (2  a)
Now , if   2 , rank  1
 a  1 ; 0 if   1 , rank  2
 given system of equations has at lest one solution
if   R  {2} , rank can be 2 or 3
if a  1 , 0

s
if   4 , rank  3

c
 no. of possible integral value of a  3

13. AB = C
ati  1 1 

m  a11
 2| x|  | x |  y  x 2  a , and a12 a13 

e
k 2
k

h
 

t
x2  y 2  1 15. (a) B   ka21 a22
1
a23 


a a
k
2 2  2 

M
Now , x  y  1 represents a circle on x  y plane

rm k a31 ka32 a33 

e a
 
E
and y  2| x |  | x |  x2  a is a curve which is

JE iv .S h
symmetrical about y  axis .
IIT -
c t .K
je Er
k 2 a11
L
ka12 a13
.
| x| 2
Consider the curve y  2  | x |  x for 0  x  1 , 1

b
2
 det ( B)  k a21 ka22 a23
k3

O
y  2 x  x  x2 2
k a31 ka22 a33

a11 a12 a13

det ( B )  a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33

 det ( B )  det ( A)
 k1 | A |  k2 | B |  0
 | A | k1  k2   0
 k1  k2  0 ( | A |  0)

1 1 1
(b) 1 1 1  4
1 1 1
As shown in figure x2  y 2  1 and y  2|x|  | x |  x 2
maximum value = 4
meet at point (0 , 1).
 one solution if a  0 three solutions if a  2 1 cos  cos  0 cos  cos 
 Matrix equation AB  C is having only one (c) cos  1 cos   cos  0 cos 
solution if a  0 cos  cos  1 cos  cos  0
 number of possible values of 'a' = 1
 1  2cos  cos  cos   cos 2   cos 2  

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [59]

 cos 2   2 cos  cos  cos 

 cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1

(d) A  2 B   A(1)  B    A(0)  B 

2 2 1 0 1 2
 A  2 B  4 3 0  1 0 3
6 1 1 3 1 1
 12  12  0
 A  2B  0

ics
at
em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [60]