MAIN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

Some of the main branches of biology are briefly discussed below:

1. Taxonomy: I​t is the science of identification, nomenclature and

classification of organisms.

2. Morphology: ​It is the study of external form, size, shape, colour, structure
and relative position of various living organ of living beings.

3. Anatomy: ​It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with
unaided eye after dissection.

4. Histology: ​It is the study of tissue organization and structure as observed

through light microscope.

5. Cytology: ​It is the study of form and structure of cells including the
behavior of nucleus and other organelles

6. Cell Biology: ​It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical,

physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and evolutionary aspects of
cell and its components.

7. Molecular Biology: ​It is the study of the nature, physicochemical

organization, synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that bring
about and control various activities of the protoplasm.

8. Physiology: ​It is the study of different types of body functions and

processes.

9. Embryology: ​It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and

differentiation of the zygote into embryo or early development of living beings
before the attainment of structure and size of the offspring.

10. Ecology: ​It is the study of living organisms is relation to other organism
and their environment.
11. Genetics:​ It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and
variations. Heredity is the study of expression and transmission of traits from
parents to offspring.

12. Eugenics:​ It is the science which deals with factors related to

improvement or impairment of race, especially that of human beings.

13. Evolution: ​It studies the origin of life as well as new types of organism
from the previous ones by modifications involving genetic changes and
adaptations.

14. Palaeontology:​ It deals with the study of fossils or remains and

impressions of past organisms present in the rocks of different ages.

15. Exobiology: ​It is the branch of scientific inquiry dealing with the possibility
of life in the outer space.

16. Virology: ​It is the study of viruses in all their aspects.

FIELDS OF BIOLOGY

1 Science Organized form of Knowledge or

systematic knowledge i.e. knowledge
through process.

2 Biology The branch of science which deals with

the study of living beings.

3 Zoology The branch of science which deals with

the study of animals.

4 Morphology The branch of science which deals with

the study of total general structures and
forms including shape, size and
appearance.
5 Anatomy The branch of science which deals with
the study of internal structures after
cutting or dissection.

6 Histology The branch of science which deals with

the study of tissue i.e. microscopic
anatomy.

7 Cytology The branch of science which deals with

the study of cells and their organelles.

8 Acariology Study of tics and mites.

9 Actinobiology The branch of science which deals with

the study of radiation effects on
organism.

10 Aerobiology Study of Flying organisms.

11 Agroforestry This branch deals with form of land used

on which herbaceous crops and trees
crops are cultivated

12 Agronomy Science which deals with the crop plants

13 Agrostology Study of grasses.

14 Angiology Science which deals with the study of

blood vascular system.

15 Anthology Study of flowers.

16 Anthropology Study of apes and man.

17 Apiculture Study of bee keeping

18 Araneology Study of spiders.

19 Arthrology Study of joints.

20 Aschelitinthology Study of round worms

21 Bacteriology Study of bacteria.

22 Batrachology Study of frog.

23 Biochemistry Branch of science which deals with the

study of chemical reactions in relations
to life activities.

24 Biometrics Statistical analysis of different results of

biological experiments.

25 Biotechnology Use of biological organisms in

commercial processes for producing fine
chemicals such as drugs, vaccines and
harmones etc. on a large scale and at
reasonable cost.

26 Bryology Study of Bryophytes.

27 Carcinology Study of crabs and crustaceans

28 Cardiology Study of heart.

29 Chondriology Study of Cartilage.

30 Chromatology Study of Pigments.

31 Cnidology Study of Coelenterata

32 Conchology Study of shells.

33 Craniology Study of skulls

34 Cryobiology Study of effects on life at very lower

temperature.

35 Dendrology Study of shrubs and trees

36 Dermatology Study of skin

37 Ecobiology Study of problems of existence of life in

outer space

38 Ecology Study of relationship between organism

and environment

39 Embryology Study of embryo i.e. developmental

stages after fertilization or birth of young
ones.

40 Endocrinology Study of endocrine glands and their

secretions

41 Entomology Study of insects

42 Enzymology Study of enzymes

43 Ethnology Study of man-kinds

44 Ethology Study of conditions of animals or

behavior of animals, in a natural contest
45 Etiology Study of diseases

46 Eugenics Study of improvement of human race by

applying laws of heredity. It applied
before birth. Eugenics is related with
future generation.

47 Euphenics Study of improvement of human race by

drug treatment or gene engineering i.e.
medical engineering of genetic disorder.

48 Euthenics Study of improvement of human race by

improving environment. It applied after
birth and is related with present
generation.

49 Evolution The branch of science which deals with

the study of origin of new from old i.e.
origin, variation, inter-relationship
between organisms of past and present
days.

50 Exobiology Space biology is also known as

exobiology

51 Floriculture Study of flower yielding plants

52 Genetics Study of heredity and variations

53 Gerontology Study of growing old

54 Gynaecology Study of female reproductive organs

55 Haematology Study of blood

56 Helminthology Study of helminthes

57 Hepatology Study of liver

58 Herpetology Study of lizards and other reptiles

59 Hypnology Study which deals with sleep

60 Histochemistry Study of chemical nature of tissues

61 Horticulture Study of flowering and fruits plants

62 Ichnology Study of fossil footprints

63 Immunology Study of resistance of organisms against

infection

64 Kalology Study of sensory or sensari-emotional

values, sometimes called judgments of
sentiment and taste

65 Karyology Study of nucleus

66 Lepidopterology Study of moths and butterflies

67 Lichenology Study of lichens

68 Limnology Study of fresh water lakes, ponds and

streams in relation with plants and
animals

69 Malacology Study of mollusks

70 Mammology Study of mammals

71 Mastology Study of breasts

72 Melanology Study of pigments

73 Molecular Biology Study of life sciences on molecular level

(i.e. RNA and DNA level)

74 Mycology Study of fungi

75 Myrmecology Study of ants

76 Neonatology Study of the new-born up to 1 month of

age

77 Nephrology Study of kidney

78 Neurology Study of nervous system

79 Nidology Study of nests of birds

80 Nisology Study of diseases

81 Odontology Study of teeth and gums

82 Olericulture Study of vegetable yielding plants

83 Oncology Study of cancer

84 Oneirology Study of dreams

85 Ontogeny Study of embryonic history

86 Oology Study of egg of birds

87 Ophthalmology Study of eyes

88 Organocology Study of development of organs under

embryology

89 Organology Study of organs

90 Ornithology Study of birds

91 Osteology Study of bones

92 Otorhinolaryngology Study of ear, nose and throat

93 Paedology Study of larval stages

94 Palaezoology Study of fossils and their distribution in

time.

95 Palaeozoology Study of fossils of animals

96 Palynology Study of pollen grains in relation to

taxonomy and evolution

97 Parasitology Study of parasites

98 Pathology Study of various diseases in human

beings

99 Parazoology Study of poifera (sponges)

100 Pedology Study of soils

101 Pharmacognosy Branch of science dealing with the

medicinal plants
102 Pharmacology Study of synthesis and effect of
medicines on organisms

103 Phenology Study of organisms as affected by

seasonal climates e.g. of bird migration,
opening of flowers etc.

104 Phrenology Study of mental faculties of brain

including feelings

105 Phycology (algology) Study of algae

106 Phylogeny Study of evolutionary history

107 Physiology Study of functions of various parts within

the organisms

108 Pisciculture Study of rearing of fishes

109 Platyhelminthology Study of flat worms

110 Pomology Study of fruits

111 Poultry Study which deals with keepings of foul

112 Proctology Study of hind gut including rectum and

anus

113 Protistology Study of protests. Its field of study

overlaps with more traditional disciplines
of algology, mycology and protozoology

114 Pteridology Study of pteridophytes

115 Rainology Study of nose and olfactory organs

116 Saurology Study of lizards

117 Sericulture Silk industry concerned with culture of

silk moth and pupa

118 Serology Study of serum; interaction of antigens

and antibodies in the blood

119 Sepentology Study of snakes

(Ophiology)

120 Silviculture Study of development of forests

121 Sitology Study of dietetics

122 Speciology Study of species

123 Spermology Study of seeds

124 Splanchnology Study of visceral organs

125 Stomatology Study of forget including buccal cavity

and stomach

126 Synecology Study of bony joints and ligaments

127 Taxi dermatology Study of skin and stuffing

128 Taxonomy The breach of science which deals with

the study of classification of organisms

129 Teratology Study of foetal malformations

130 Torpedology Study of skates and rays

131 Toxicology Study of narcotics and the influence of

narcotics on various organisms

132 Traumatology Study of wounds and turnover

133 Trichology Study of hair

134 Trophology Study of nutrition

135 Urobiology Study which deals with preservation of

deals bodies in liquids by chemicals

136 Urology Study of wine including diseases and the

abnormalities of uninary and
urino-genital tract

137 Virology Study of virus

138 Zoogeography The branch of science which deals with

the study of distribution of animals on
earth.

139 Biophysics Study of physical aspects of living

organisms

140 Cytogenetics Study of cytological basis of inheritance

141 Ctetology Study of acquired characteristics of

organisms

142 Ichthyology Study of fish and it’s culture

143 Kinesiology Study of muscle movements

144 Phytogeography Study of plants distribution on earth

145 Palaeobotany Study of distribution and characteristics

of fossils

146 Psychobiology Study of behavioural aspects of animals

147 Sarcology Study of muscles

148 Syndesmology Study of bone joints and ligaments

149 Tectology Study of structural organization of body

150 Zoophytology Study of drifting micro-organisms such

as diatoms.