3TA.

CK
ANN'HX

'
It/Si
RABBINICAL VOCABULARY

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS,

AN ANALYSIS OF THE GRAMMAR,

ADAPTED EXPRESSLY FOR

THE MISHNA, AND THE PERUSHIM.

EDINBURGH: ROBERT YOUNC,

FOREIGN BOOKSELLER, AKD PRINTEK,

HEAD OF THE MOfND.

 PREFACE.

The uninspired literature of the Hebrews embraces

almost every department of human knowledge; for,
from the destruction of Jerusalem until the present
day, there has never ceased in Israel a numerous class
of individuals, who spend their lives in literary la-
bours. This is true of the Jewish nation in every
country whither it has been scattered. In Palestine,
Babylon, Arabia, Egypt, Spain, Germany, France
and Poland, they can reckon up a long list of names
of enviable celebrity. During what are called the
dark ages, when the nations of Europe were immer-
sed in the grossest ignorance, when kings and nobles
and bishops were unable to write their own names,
Saadias Gaon, Izchaki, Balam, Maimonides, Aben
Tibbon, Kimchi, Aben Ezra, arid numerous other dis-
tinguished men flourished among the Jews. While
many of these were engaged in the elucidation of
the Scripture and its laws, others studied philosophy,
philology, physic, astronomy, mathematics, history,
grammar, and poetry. Neither did they neglect the
works of Gentile antiquity; they translated into He-
brew and Arabic the works of Aristotle, Galen, &c.,
as in latter times they have also translated such
authors as Ovid, Milton, Thomson, Tasso, Fenelon,

2069945
 IV

and others. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say,

" that no nation in the universe can, during a
a line of
period of full five hundred years, produce
men so truly eminent, so universally learned, as can
the Jews of Spain from the year 980 until their
expulsion from that kingdom in the year 1492."
The language in which most Jewish works are
written, though generally included under the common
appellation of HEBREW, presents certain diversities
of dialect and style, which may be denominated the
Targumical, the Rabbinical, and the Biblical.
I. The TARGUMICAL, or Chaldee. In this dialect
are written:
First, the Translations or Paraphrases
of the Sacred Scriptures into the Chaldee language,
which are usually called Targums ; Secondly, the
Gemara, or Annotations on the Mishna, the
two together forming the Talmud ; and Thirdly,
the Zohar, and the greater part of the works written
on the Cabbala.It is now generally believed, that,
when the Jews were carried captive to Babylon
by command of Nebuchadnezzar, they lost, during
the seventy years' captivity, the pure use of the
Hebrew tongue, and acquired the Chaldean dia-
lect of their conquerors. This is at least probable,
and appears to be supported by Neh. viii. 8, "So
they read in the book in the law of God distinctly,
and gave the sense, and caused them to understand
the reading." From this passage it is inferred, that
when the law was read to the people in the original
Hebrew, it was translated into the vernacular tongue
(Chaldee) by an interpreter appointed for that pur-
pose, that the people might understand it thorough-
ly. As this translation was at first extempore, it
afforded ample scope for diversity of interpretation,
and doubtless a gradual desire was excited for a
translationwhich might be committed to writing,
and thus rendered accessible to all, and more stable
in its interpretation of the Sacred Text. According
to Jewish tradition, Onkelos, a proselyte to Judaism,
was the first to accomplish this object, about the
beginning of the Christian era. He translated the
whole of the Five Books of Moses into Chaldee. His
translation is very close, almost word for word with
the original Hebrew. In a very few instances,
he paraphrases the text, for the purpose of explain-
ing obscure, indelicate, and anthropomorphic phrases
when applied to God. If we were certain that his
translation has come down to us uncorrupted, it would
prove an unexceptionable witness to the genuineness
of the present Hebrew text. However this may be,
no real biblical scholar will willingly allow himself to
remain unacquainted with so ancient a document as
the Chaldee Targum of Onkelos on the Pentateuch.
The popularity of Onkelos would appear to have
stirred up the zeal and learning of Jonathan Ben
Uzziel, about forty years after the beginning of the
Christian era, to translate the historical and pro-
phetical books of the Old Testament into Chaldee.
He is said to have been a disciple of the well known
Hillel, whose opinions have tended so much to per-
petuate the oral law of Rabbinism. Jonathan Ben
Uzziel, having a much more difficult task to accom-
plish than Onkelos, has accordingly failed to attain
to the critical and grammatical accuracy of the latter.
His language is less pure, it contains numerous Greek
and Latin words, and he does not hesitate to para-
phrase the original text when he thinks proper. It
is
accordingly less esteemed by critical students of
the Old Testament, though various Rabbis and
traditions have declared it to be divinely inspired.
 VI

There is also a Tavgum on the Pentateuch, which

has been ascribed to Jonathan Ben Uzziel, but its
style and tone are so different from the writings of the
true Jonathan, that the supposition is now discarded.
" the
It is
generally called Targum of the Pseudo-
Jonathan on the Pentateuch." It is paraphrastic in
the extreme, and is principally valuable for the great
amount of Jewish tradition which it contains. It is
probably of the seventh century.
There is a third Targum on the Pentateuch, com-
" Jerusalem
monly called the Targum." Its origin
and authorship is totally unknown. It is not com-
plete, wanting whole verses and chapters at a time,
The general opinion now is, that it is a collection of
"
fragments of the Targum of the Pseudo-Jonathan
just mentioned, with glosses interspersed. It is also of
the same
legendary character.
The Targums on the remaining books of the
Old Testament, viz., Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes,
Song- of Solomon, and Lamentations, together with
the Books of Chronicles, are generally ascribed to
Rabbi Joseph the blind, Rector of an Academy at
Babylon in the year 600. They can scarcely be
called translations, as they are intermixed with ex-
tensive commentaries on the sacred text, chiefly of
an allegorical kind. To those who desire to culti*
vate an acquaintance with the Jewish traditions of
that period, we can hardly recommend anything
better suited for that purpose than these Targums.
There are no Targums extant on the Books of
Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, though a few scattered
allusions to such Targums are to be found in the
Talmud, and in the writings of various Rabbis.
Some are of opinion that the reason why these books
were not translated into Chaldee, was, that us great
 vu

portions of Daniel and Ezra were originally written

in that language, the Jews were afraid, lest, if Tar-

gums were made on these Books, they might in course

of time be confounded with the sacred originals ; and
as Nehemiah was always reckoned a part of the
Book of Ezra, it also was left untouched.
In connection with this subject it may be interesting
to state, that when Kennicott was preparing the vari-
ous readings of his Hebrew Bible, he found a MS.
in Rome, containing a Translation into HEBREW of
all the CHALDEE Portions of Daniel and Ezra, This

Kennicott printed in his Hebrew Bible, from which

it was copied
by the present writer, and published
separately in a small portable form, along with the
original Chaldee text, and the corresponding Syriac
and Greek Versions.
One feature of the Targums peculiarly interesting
is the numerous references in them to the promised
1"
Messiah. In a little work entitled D'DUinn rip
5

JT8?Dn hy "Christologyof the Targums," we have

collected together all these references along with the
Hebrew text of the several passages commented on,
towhich we have added an English translation, which
may be serviceable to those who have not access to
the Targums themselves.
Having thus stated what is generally known .re-
garding the Targums, we may notice a few things
connected with the " Gemara," which is so called
from a Chaldee word signifying completion, because
it
completes the oral law by its subtile disquisitions
on disputed portions of the Mishna. To those who
may wish to be acquainted with the origin, nature,
character, and contents of the Mishna, we may be
allowed to refer to our own Edition of the
" Pirke
 vni

Aboth," or Ethics of the Fathers, in Hebrew and

English, at the end of which will be found appended
the most copious account of the contents of the
Mishna, perhaps to be found in the English langu-
age. Suffice it to say at present, that about A. D.
190, Jehudah the holy, the head of the Jewish
Academy at Tiberias, collected together the prin-

cipal traditional explanations of the Mosaic law that

he could find among his colleagues and others. This
compilation he called the Mishna, or "repetition"
of the Mosaic law, and it was gradually adopted as
a standard authority on such matters. About the
year 270 Rabbi Johanan of Jerusalem compiled
from various sources a commentary on it, which he
called the Gemara (or completion), which, when

joined together, completed the work now known as

the " Jerusalem Talmud." Rabbi Ashe, and Rabbi
Abina of Babylon, about the year 420 commenced
another and much more extensive Commentary (or
" Mishna " of Rabbi
Gemara) on the Jehudah, and
the two when combined together form the " Babylon-
ian Talmud," the best edition of which is in thirteen
foliovolumes, printed at Amsterdam 1750-7. The
Gemara of both Talmuds are written in ^
corrupt
Chaldee dialect, and are almost unintelligible to- any
one who has not received a Jewish training. While
several Jewish Rabbis are enthusiastic in praising it,
declaring that "the Scripture is like water, the
Mishna like wine, and the Gemara like spiced
wine," Gentile readers are by no means of this
opinion.
The ZOHAR is a Cabbalistic Commentary on por-
tions of the Scriptures, and is said to have been writ-
ten by Rabbi Simeon Ben Johanan, or some of his
disciples, about the year 120. It, as well as its
 IX

numberless commentaries, are full of the most sin-

gular reveries that can well he imagined.
II. RABBINICAL. In this dialect are written the
text of the Mishna, the Scripture Commentaries, the
Prayer Books, and generally all historical, gramma-
tical,and poetical works. Having sufficiently spoken
of the Mishna under the preceding head, we pass at
once to the D^IIS Perushim or Scripture Comment-
aries. The principal writers of these are Rabbi Solo-
mon Izchaki, commonly called RASHI ; Rabbi David
Kimchi, sometimes called RABAK, Rabbi Aben Ezra,
Rabbi Solomon Ben Melech, Abarbanel, Alsheich,
Saadias Gaon, &c. There is considerable diversity
in the style of these writers. Thus RASHI, having
been for a long period engaged in writing annota-
tions on the Talmud, insensibly imbibed its obscure,
concise, corrupt style, and introduces words which
properly belong to what we have denominated the
Targumical dialect ; whereas Kimchi, a professed
grammarian and lexicographer, wrote in a compara-
tively pure, grammatical, biblical manner. Aben
Ezra is more philosophical in his language and
modes of thought that any of the others, while Abar-
banel is fluent and energetic. The term COMMENTARY
is
scarcely correct when applied to the majority
of the Jewish 0^1*13 Pemshim. The writers are
rather scholiasts than commentators; their attention
is more taken
up with the grammatical meaning of
the Text, than with its theological or dogmatic
bearings. We cannot, however, but concur in the
opinion of Gesenius, whose leanings, moreover, were
"
by no means Jewish, when he says in his Geschich-
der Hebraischen Sprache," " The
te page 102.
judicious commentator will know how to use much in
them that is indisputably true and good; a facility in
understanding these sources is indispensably neces-
sary to every respectable interpreter."
To which we
"
may add the testimony of Dr M'Caul, that a com-
parison with the rabbis would show that
our trans-
lators were deeply read in, and diligent in consulting
the best Jewish authorities, and would go far towards
proving that we have great reason to be satisfied with,
and thankful for, our English translation."
The most complete Collection of these Commen-
taries is to be found in the Great Rabbinical Bibles,
published by Bomberg, at Venice, 1518, 1526, 1549,
1568, 1617; by Buxtorf, at Basil, 1618-19; by
Frankfurter, at Amsterdam, 1724-7, the last men-
tioned being by far the most extensive and complete.
It is in four thick volumes folio.
The only English Version of any of these Pe-
rushim is Dr M'Caul's translation of "Kimchi
on the Prophecies of Zechariah." He speaks in
his preface of having nearly finished a version of
" Saadias Gaon on "
but it has not yet ap-
Daniel,
peared. We may mention, that some time ago we
commenced and finished a translation of Saadias Gaon
on " the Chaldee Portions of Daniel," and of Aben
Ezra on the " Chaldee Portions of the Book of Ezra,"
as a companion to the edition of " the Original Chal-
dee Text of Daniel and Ezra, with the corresponding
[Rabbinical] Hebrew, Syriac and Greek Versions,"
mentioned above, but whether it will ever see the
light it is impossible to say.
We cannot, at present, enter farther into the cha-
racter of the numberless works which are commonly
in use among the Jews.
They embrace, as we have
already said, every branch of literature, but the
disagreeable round Rabbinical character in which
they are printed, together with the inferior paper usu-
 XI

ally employed, greatly hinder the general

use of them
by Gentiles.
The characteristics of this Dialect will be clearly
seen on examining the brief Analysis at the end of
the Vocabulary.
III. BIBLICAL. There are few authors that can
be comprized under this head. Perhaps Kimchi,
Weizel, and Luzzatto, may form a majority of them.

The following Vocabulary is designed for the se-

cond of the above mentioned classes. It is to be
regretted that any one acquainted with the Hebrew
text of the Old Testament should be hindered from
studying the Mishna and the Perushim, when the lan-
guage is so easily acquired after a previous know-

ledge of Biblical Hebrew. One great cause is,

that the ordinary Hebrew Lexicons do not contain
the additional words used by the Rabbis, and the
general impression is, that these words are very nu-
merous. It is not so. We believe the present Voca-
bulary contains by far the majority of the words
most in use in these writings, and we think that no
intelligent reader will be at a great loss to master
any of them with its assistance. To those who de-
sire a more extensive work, we may recommend
Buxtorf s Rabbinical, Talmudical, and Chaldee Lexi-
con, in Latin ; Nork's Heb.-Chald.-Rab. Worter-
buch, in German, Dessauer's Aram,-Chald.-Rab.
"Worterbuch, also in German, Hartmanc's Supple-
ment to Buxtorf 's and Gesenius' Lexicon, and his
Thesaurus, both in Latin.
The principal grammatical works on the Rab-
binical dialect are those of Alting, Danz, Genebrard,
Keller, Reland, Cellarius and Tychsen, all in Latin;
and those of Faber, Geigner, Landau, Gratz, Dukes,
 Xll

Luzzatto, and Lowison, all in German; the only one

in English we ever saw is Nolan's Hebrew Grammar,
at the end of which is appended the short analysis
which we have transcribed, corrected, and arranged
in more distinct order, comparing it with several
of those above mentioned, especially Cellarius.
Another great difficulty in the reading of Rabbini-
cal works which ought not to be overlooked, is the
numberless contractions made use of. Phrases which
frequently occur are not written in full, but only the
first letter of each word. Thus writing of God, they
often say, K1p| (the Holy One, blessed
*]l"ll ^HpH
be He), but, instead of writing it in full, they write

n":ipn.
So also for D^iroi DWM rnin (the
ff
Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms,) they write "| 3H,
and so on. This occasions great inconvenience to
the beginner, and as every one is at liberty to con-
tract any phrase he thinks proper, the student is

often utterly at a loss. With the viewof obviating

this difficulty, we have given a list of the contrac-
tions more commonly in use. The largest collection
of these contractions we have yet met with, is that of
Wolf. It contains(we write from memory,) about
five hundred pages in duodecimo.
R. Y.
 RABBINICAL VOCABULARY.

Ab, the 5th month of the Hebrews corresponding

> a torch, flambeau. [to July,
!"lpHX
a member.

according to, for.

an allegorical exposition.
a pear, a plume, pi. D^DJX-
X in the meantime, meanwhile.
the planet Mars.

i to adhere.

*nj< Adar, the 12th month of the Hebrews, corres-

ponding to February.
1TW, KmK, *1TTN on the contrary.
X, also.
5]

the air, atmosphere, space.

a letter of the alphabet, pi.

lIK immediately. SttiX a knife.

one. niinX unity.
 obligation, risk.

why ? wherefore ?

where ? *{< from whence ? how ?

p p"O'K
Heb. DN. 'K for pa* not.
K,pif.
X vapour, feast.

YK this. *YN1 *YK this and that, both.

how ? as. JO* ** where

1
?
^yx how ?

N quality. tDS^ttH JTI3 (in logic) quality.

there is, there are. JO '/

1

there is not.

for
p so, also, not.

him. inytf for

pniX
them. WN she.

for them, f.
pn^M
pj they, m. p^N they, f.

T^1
the 2d month of the Hebrews corresponding to

April.
fcj^tf a man. rV^Kn HnJ^n particular providence.
BfX manly. JWK virility. ^^H individual.

JVN, Kn^, ^n^X there is, there are, (Heb. W) hence

as there is.

black.

a host. pi.
pJMK.
hospitable. N^D^X hospitably.
to be hospitable.

interest, concern.
 to. vSfctt3 from himself. Pl'Stfto from herself.

hut, unless.
God. piur. D'nStf and ninW
adj. divine. ninStf Godhead.
hut, unless. Sometimes written
these, Heb. plStf.

N and
pS^lx if, if not, unless. Heb.
oh that ! would !
*|S idem.

beyond. hence.
^S^Ktt
Elul, the 6th month of the Hebrews, August.
D^K strong, robust.
therefore,

Sx if, unless.

, "inS^S immediately.
if. ^)!2i< wherefore ?

to measure, estimate.
lK estimation, conjecture, measure.
the middle finger. HfcK a cubit, pi. D
an artificer. niJ&lN work, art.
JON, |D1K
to verify. D s
n^ the orthodox.

truth. ^n&N true.

to say. IDIX, m^X a word.

oration, a sentence. nJOIlbtf a doctor, talmudist.

(in logic) predicaments.

 4

N where ? whether ? whence ?

JN322, pfc

he, he himself. pJK, pm pJK they.

clasps, buckles,
a man. 'B^JK human.
humanity.
to heal, cure. KWDK safety.

*3JbDK an astrologer, pi.

'
astrology. For D sometimes ^ is written.
or ^DD1D^ the stomach,
threshold, pi.
WfilpDN.
to bind, prohibit. IIDK prohibited,

infirm, delicate, tender.

infirmity..
in Jerusalem Targum also,
tptf,

although, notwithstanding,

although, for lS t|.

a tutor, curator, trustee.

JSN, JS1K
a circle. I^^H [SIX the equator.
the horizon,
|S1X
judicial sentence,
the Pope of Rome.
K an epicurean, pi.

a prefect, pi.

balm.
 to be possible. "Ifc^SXPl is it
possible ?

impossible, nW3N possibility.

X stables.

stones projecting beyond the wall.

or &O&1DDX the stomach.

orl^ltTCX astrolabe.
astrology.
to separate. ~>JO to emanate, infuse.

K an emanation, infusion.

a clime,
tt^pM pi.
p^pX-
the ocean.

for, that, because, if.

a lion.

to prolong. n^1, JTDnX prolongation.

prolix.

astrology.
D^IX a little
garden. KD'HK the gardener.

venom.
to come, happen. rfljniN/b casualities.
Germany. ^^^X German.
S^1 a host, guest.

hospitality.

to declare, explain. ^lIX^l clearly.

commentary. ^"D/b was evident, manifest.

 on account of, therefore. **] in order that.
JMI1 j^l
T31 on my account.
to arrive at puberty. JTHJl puberty,
to lie, falsify. Wl liar. ni false,
to be solitary. Tflinn idem,

solitary. niTI!, nmiinn solitude,

7"T1, /""fin to separate, distinguish.

^""JlD, /"Tin difference, distinction.

Sni tin.

^"Hl on account of. ''S'Hl on my account.

1 7H1 in order that.

^Jl publicly, from nb^l to reveal,

distinctly, clearly,

illustrious, splendid, genuine,

to come. Dviy ""Kl mankind. HXD cohabi-

tation. ^D2^n flK^ sunset.

711 Bui, the 8th month of the Hebrews, October,

pi to understand, hence

njin intelligence, intellect. Jl13311fin idem.

"111? {Oil one uncultivated, boorish.

11^11 to be ashamed. one who is ashamed.

JK^I
TT1 5 T1T1 to expend, dissipate.
to prove, try, explore, hence
JHI
n3*ni trial, probation, argument.
Til to choose, select, elect. IIHl a studious youth,
ITll elect. rHTll election, choice, alternative.

to pronounce. KtDID pronunciation.

futility, speech, pronounciation.
to trust, confide. fVDin to promise.

confident. nfltDin promise, faith.

7!31 to cease. 7tOl ceasing, idle.

/"IDl abrogation, cessation, abolition.

*1 in, between, a house.

pi, Tl between, pi -pi

either or.

"]1 pi in the meantime. ^1 y% intermediate,

nn an egg, metaph. a testicle, pi. niXO, D*2f

*73, 'h^t ^Sl no, not, nothing.

1

CD ?! to be prominent, to stick out, project.

HD*/! prominence.
77! to confound. 7171 to disturb, confuse.

7171D confounding. 7l7llD confused.

71171 confusion. HH7 vl idem.

DlfiSll famine.
D72, to mix.

balsam.
pDD7l
to absorb. i"lj?vl absorption,
no, not, without.

, NnitDfil to entreat, from t3D.

a building, congregation, children, sons.

to announce good news. Heb.

 8

to ask, entreat. niJD> 1JD petition.

to entreat.

a light.

pools, bogs, marshes.

to prove, explore.
Np3
exercised,
^3, K'p3 W^pa exercise.
*13 beyond, besides. *\%, &O3 a field, wood.

N13, Nna fat, strong. fiWO fatness.

to escape, ma the axis of the world.

but, nevertheless.
to declare. *11*Q clear.

aa clearly. TiaHD to be clear.

on account of.
*p T3W therefore.

to boil. S^an boiled dish.

a time. firiN naa at once.

a daughter. ^1 fi3 an oracle.

3J the back. 3JN according to, for. ^ at, according

to, upon, above; from 33 J to be high.
H3J, nin3J altitude, height.

, Sl3J a boundary. ^V^XH SiaJl middle term.

to define, describe; definition, limit,
boundary,
the middle, midst. n <>

133, ni33 inside.

substance, body. "2)13 bodily, corporeal,

trinity.
colour; metaph. ftfc mode, form, similitude,
to sojourn, be a stranger. U a stranger.
to proselytize,

to plunder.
pU plunderer. rY)y7T3 plunder.

, D113, NDTU irony, sarcasm, exaggeration,

to decern, decree. niU a decree, predestination,

persecution, section, class, derivation, deflection,

a bill of divorce.

JWJ a cup, vat, kettle,

army. FV)D"3 ''K'&O captains of the army.

tSji n^ ice. n^S^nn, n^Sjn to congeal.

to expel, captivate. HI/J captivity.

J margins. ^IvJ marginal,

to shave. H7J a monk, priest,

to revolve. ^^7^ circle, sphere. 7U7.3 revolution.

placentiae.
pDlS^
Gematria, a species of Cabala, abbreviation.
to hesitate. DJ/DJD hesitating, stammering,
to recompence, reward,
to learn, teach. IfcW, 1J^ et cetera.

perfect. ^DjS totally,

to be dishonest.

r^J! shame, ignominy. ^^ shame,

a relative. ''D^ my relative, brother-in-law.

elation, roughness, clumsiness.

 10

to cause, to have a cause.

n/DIJ cause, occasion.

D1J, N&*U a bone, body. JW1J5 by himself.
D1J to read, learn. ND11 P1DU reading, study.
to draw away, diminish. njHJD subtraction,

defect.

to draw, drag. a grain-seller.

pJIJI
DE>:i a body. DBU bodily.

corporeality.
a bridge.

, 'H who, which, what, also the mark of the genitive

& and ~\WX of the Hebrew. ^, ^^ mine.
like

HH S^ uPon m ne "^ *$ until tnat

i - -

"! this. fcnS NT one to another. &H JfifiH

this

from that.

to adhere, paste together, be conjoined.

HDn ^H (in logic) conjunctive.

to speak. ^111 a word. 111D speaking.

*111*1 (in logic) the independent verb.

n (in logic) the perfect predicate.

loquacious, garrulous, a speaker.

f. idem. pi. nVJIlT.
Ill a thing. ll^D a desert. ''Illfi rustic, rural.

honey. t^lH cake.

 11

DJH, KfiJin figure, example, similitude, specimen.

niOJn or nWOJll pi. idem.

&)T\, Dagesh, a point placed in the centre of a letter.

P"T
to indicate. MJH/D province, city.
%
ytD pro.
vincial, civil, political.

to turn to, to attend, consider, examine.

pi"! p'lHfi
expense. attention, consideration.
p1H> filpH
pi HI attentively.
an observer.
|pH, p*"TD
principally, only, exactly.
to repel, refute. nTPl repulsion, postponement.
the same as Sfc?, hence *TT? mine.

ink. Found once in the Bible.

a pulpit, desk.
pll
, DISH, DDH dux, leader.

pi. leaders. HI Dill leadership.

to be soft ; hence 717T to be infirm.
softness.

Nfi?*! perhaps.
D"t, DW, PD*T price, money.
to be like, assimilated.

fil similitude, likeness. *iVib"! imaginary, fanciful.

HDliD idem.
"H denarius, a special coin.
a table, metaph. a folio of a book. pi. Jfin.
 12

J, Hiph. D^in to print. D1l impression,

edition. D^SID a printer.

to explain, consider accurately.

Hpl
a grammatical disquisition. gram-
pIplD
marian. subtilty.
Hip!
a
pi, pill gift.

{SHI to inquire, .explain allegorically.

an allegorical exposition, n&'ll idem.

^1 a school.

n serves as an adverb. Dfin there. &OH here.

behold ! tfp| this.

this time, now.

*1H a hyperbole.

vanity.
rnun an echo, syllable.
a history, narration.

n^n to meditate.
jVJn meditation. ^VJIH logical.

pn, JlJin
honest, convenient, apt, decent.

honesty, decency, propriety.

thus, in this mode.

'Tin, ''TtnS continually.

until, together, at once. *Hn 7 according to.

clearly, perspicuously, publicly.

idiot, plebeian.
 13

Tin to turn, return.

nin to be. rTin existence.

*T&On after, afterwards, because, since.

M Heb. *N. *]K'n

how ?
pM this. TDTfl there-

fore. 'HS *n so, so as, even as.

pYn now, (in the later Targums).

1
*Svn material. ^xSvH Tl ?! immaterial.
^IVl /X material, compound of matter.

p, n/M*n, HD yn, wa^n so, even as.

how
pTl where ? ?
pTlD whence.
from him. niD^H from her.
n id est, i. e. that is, namely.
n this, that, like PIT, HKT.
H so. OP! iS'SX although it be so.

, r\tihrh beyond, the last.

"NlSn oh that !

to go, walk, n^n or Nn^Dvn an exposition,

tradition, decision, custom.

therefore, composed of *]37 &<n or "13 7 *n.

these, pi.
the verb, to pledge,
,
j^n'f there, beyond;
if, so, yes, also, there is.

where ?

n these. *7fi ^n these words, this is applicable.

sJn utility, profit, derived fromjin wealth.

 14

to mete, measure. HD^n mathematics.

"]Sn the contrary. "TfiH / on the

to turn. con-

trary. D^Sn ^W
two subjects opposing facts.

subject to contrariety, sub-contrary.

contrary, contrariant. tofi&J^ri

*]SH
or DSS^Dn *]1Sn transposition
of a sentence.

inverted sentence.

transposed sentence.
a syllogism, reason, comparison, proposition.

indirect argument.

*a the modes of the form.

absolute forms. D"JJin
D^pH
conditional forms. ^t^Dnn t^pn analogy.
direct argument.
pn
heu !
behold, certainly.

, imn to imagine, think, limn thought.

now, contracted from NHJ^^ KH that hour.

composed of H and QH i. e. D^ there.

permission, ^jni/^ allowable.

certainly, indubitably.
"1 wo !
>1 wo to you. ^ wo to thee.
paf? *jS
f niflDinn disputation, root H3*.
1

pi- fill? !
young ones of animals.
pi. Dl^?" 11
) vellum, veil, curtain.
 15

HD1 menstruation.

"1JH assembly, "I^ID JV^l a school, synagogue.

Til, KT11 a rose.

W\ gula.
risers.
pTll pious, holy, just. ppTll early
pni abundant, rich, generous,
"1J"V)>

abundance, generosity.

to dung a field. 71T dung.

I
IT to acquire, purchase. pT to sell.

inT he himself, this is he, abbreviated for N1H PIT.

D!"IT to be sordid. DVIT sordid.

DHT to pollute. CHIT, D1PTT pollution.

"IDT, Ti"lTPl to shine, admonish. "11JTT, KTIPPT ad-
monition, warning, splendour.

niTnTj mnTK admonition, exhortation.

JflT to join, copulate, marry. JUT a companion.
TIT to move, move oneself, recede.
TIT, KT1T denarius, a special coin.

PUT to bear, produce, yield.

tOlT, NtDlT small, little.

7lT to be vile. HI/T vileness.

H71T besides, without. TI71T idem, except.

"11T to be strange. IT anomalous. m*lT anomaly.
IDT, 1D1T, small, little, junior.
 16

VT splendour. jnVt splendid.

the apex of a letter.
JVT

fp, Kin a kind of architecture.

Cp
to corrupt, adulterate, falsify.
jS*
1

^ forger.

S|VT adulteration, forgery.

to merit, be worthy. ''JOT meritorious.

merit. J"O justice.

a male, masculine. JYn^T virility.

PPJ to drop, flow.

tp7T
effusion.

time, pi. D^fiT. OttT temporal.

JDT
JDT
to cite to judgment, to invite to a feast.

JD1T/D
cited, invited. n^Din citation.

T small, little. I^D almost.

HS*pT a
to elevate, suspend, crucify. pillar.

pf crucifixion, suspension.
copulate. idem, work.
ppTJ pptin, pip!
HI to bind, arm, warn, excite, hasten.
Tit expeditious. HI a girdle, bond.

TT alacrity.

auripigmentum.

to love. Mn beloved. HIIH love.

, n^in, vas, doiium. pi. nvin.

corruption, hence wo ! here!
 17

to compose a book. *lin/b compiler, author.

TDn composition, union, min society, communion.

to shut, to doubt, scruple, tremble.

one. "jrD once. ninj together. NTlS ex-

ceedingly.
to be in debt, guilt. iVtl (in logic) affirmative.

1TN nil^nnn consequence, obligation.

v /3i"! TTlDn universal affirmative.

"p/nn l^n/Dn particular or partial affirmative.

IIP! a debt, lin Syi a debtor.

Tin, TlPItt province, place, city.

10 T! to be accustomed. tOlPI a thread.

^?in, vPI to fall, happen.

DIP! to spare, be propitious.

pin, D^pin degrees, steps.

to grow white. Tin to make white.

sense, pi. D^in senses, ^in sensible,

to see. ^n see ! behold !

worth, decent.

Tin to surround,
compass.
around. llinD cycle. jp IITntt lunar cycle.
linD solar cycle.

ire, anger, Heb. C|i<.

to steal, plunder, snatch. nSlbn nn^fi sudden

death, apoplexy.

"IDH, JTiD&n, niton a higgler, huckster,

 18

PITT, to live, 'ft life. niTI animal life. ^ITl vital.

nSn milk. ^Sn milky.

rhr\, to be sick. ^ft sickness, pi. D^Sn sick.

, ty?niD} precisely, absolutely, simply.

SnS idem. oSnD (in logic) positive.

^n to pierce, excavate. 7v)"l> 71711 excavation,
cave. 717H profanation.
for.
Spy!! permutation, change,
to part, to contend. difference,
pr^Tl, HplSn
division, distribution, part, npl/nfo controversy,
a part. "JH dis-
'pSplH partial.
pSmn
junctive,
the sun.

to make difficult, ^l^n difficult, heavy.

7p an argument from minor to major ;

also material. *!)! matter. jlfc^iOn ^/bH primi-

tive matter.

, nDH!3 on account of.

to pitch, encamp. ni^H hospital, shop.

D^iTl gingivae, deriv. from

*pn
the palate,

to act hypocritically,
fcpn,
W2n hypocrite.
adulation, hypocrisy.

7DPI to be consumed, finished, completed.

to want, be deficient, deficient of a letter (in

Masorah). "lIDH defect, subtraction (in arithmetic).

 19

n a sack; as if from Heb.

impudent. Ch. NSVIH impudence.

to scrutinize. scrutiny.
1pn/D
, Ennnn to repent, do penance. nD"in peni-
tance, tD*infi penitent.

Spin acute, sharp. HlS^n acumen, subtility.

T*"nn a ditch, foss, rampart.

silence. ^BfH3 tacitely, silently.

reputed, estimated, a man of great es-

timation.

to be suspicious. 1^n> *1t^ri3 suspected.

rnC-'H suspicion.
&n, fcJT! to care, be curious, solicitious, grieve.

("iK^n care, solicitude.

*inn to cut off. *ir\T\, rDTin section, fraction.

Snn, Sinn a cat.

DHH to sign, seal, conclude, finish.

nDTin signing, conclusion, end.

spouse. JHin
father-in-law, n^inn marriage.

to dip, immerse. nS^tO immersion, ablution,

baptism. TOD idem.

to dip. y^D nature, constitution.
natural.

the navel. NH 11213 centre of the earth.

 20

to be good.

, S'fc to walk idly. ^bD, S^b one who walks

idly about. ^VtD walking. S'tSPl to cast out, take.

f DtDfctD to obstruct.

D1ZO pavo.

SD, to drop, trickle. a dropping.

6)1 5p5tD 5)1DSD
stilla. pi. pfitD.

to encrust. J^tOS^lD to corrupt, to blemish.

blemish. fc?W)t3 blemished,

condition, state.

, tD^D to blemish. t31"b a blemish.

to arrange, ordain. D^D^D order, parade.

JD a ram ; a celestial sign.

cloak, perhaps from

to soil. W1B& soiled.

Sj^tO pollution,
lamina,
to err. HIVD error, HNytOn sophistical,

tSO, nxytOn sophism, fallacy,

a grammatical accent, reason, taste,
what reason ?
HD^tD taste.

to argue. an opponent. Jli^lDn argument,

jyitO

pytD laborious, necessary, Heb. *"J 1V.

reason. I|

much, more, exceedingly, vehemently.

tD accessory, opposed to IpJ/ principal,

type, figure, example, text.

 21

refertum.

K to be fat, to grow fat.

a fool. Hl^StO foolishness.

Cp!0
the same as D3D to arrange, ordain.

to labour, be occupied.

occupation, labour.
to tear, plunder. HSHtD flesh torn by beasts.

disturbed in mind.

SID, STlfc triclinium.

W fair. H1N* fair, suitable.

hence 7^171, see above in letter !"|.

n to dispair, dispond, resign.

small beetles.

n to bear, cany. nS^I/^ a weight, burden.

bearing.

p hand. T'D immediately.

m^ hence ^11 *m which see under n^lin con- *).

fession, affirmation. miD confessing, assenting.

JH* to know; from dial, they say yYHK IJ'X it is

not perceived, understood. Hjn sentence, opinion.

i"iJTT> HiyT science, notion. ^H* scientific.

in^n a man of knowledge, learned. yYl certainly.

DV a day. 1MD DV a feast. ^V daily.

I
V Javan, the father of the Greeks, Gen. 1 0, 2 ; hence
 22

JV3V Greek. the Greek language.

|V [I^
TIT, TIT only, single, T)rT unity, Tin"} singly,

properly. nilHTin propriety. *?nV peculiar.

DHS D1JTS DnV family, genealogy, stem, proportion-

Hi DITTn family, stem, affinity, analogy, proportion.
"1!T, Tin" palmes.

p wine. pi. niJ^. ^V vineous.

fD 11
to dispute, argue. HI 31, J")1Pl3inn disputation.
713* to be able. flVH/
1 1
/l^* it may be, perchance.
to beget. *lvin to conclude syllogistically.
the new moon. m/lfl consequence, in-
ference, generation, pi. HllSiri events, history.
y to suck,
pl^n suckling, infant, pi. nipIJTV
D^ to found, foundation, metaph. the elements; in
1

grammar, the root. rVniDV "HID fundamental.

*

pi.

D^ to add. addition. &D13 idem, f. n3D1J,

tpllfc
nsoin, Nnsoin.
to chastise. TlD* chastisement.
1
"nDItt discipline.

, S^Vin to be useful. nS^lH utility.

^
to be fair. ^V beauty.
5% HSIib a logical demonstration.
*
to go out. N^in to produce, bring out, exclude.

S SD site, state. 3$) basis, perpendicular.

S V^n to place, strew. n^H substratum, pro-

position, preface.
 23

to form. *l* a fragment, imagination, thought,

will, concupiscence. PH^* creation.

to go round, to bind. a grammatical

ftpS 5Tpn f|p,!3
mark. J"l5pn
circle.
]pi"l
circumference.
1
to be precious. honourable.
"Ip* *ip* precious,
"W to descend, go down. PITT descent.

mS mill to teach, rnift doctrine, law, the five

Books of Moses. ^TlH, ''''tin legal, divine.

1W> to sit. 3E?VO seated, prepared.

to acquiesce. JTD?Vin acquiescence.
session.

^ there is, there are. J?^l in some. F\}W being.

Jgf*
old, ancient.
JJJfV,
H^V, H^* antiquity.
-l^t to be right, "l^^nn to direct. T)^^ equity.
rectification, accommodation. rillK^ idem. 11

musca.

as, according to, like.

1
here. here to there.from
jiOl j&O ? JK3&
23 a name applied to the Omnipotent.
n^lD a frock, garment, cloth,

as, even as, in like manner, such as.

when, as.

sufficient, it is enough.

PIS, H3 now.
 24

that. HS when, as, the same as

nytD, like this, like that.

,
pID
TO, 1113 sphere, globe.
to direct, attend, intend.
|13
,TYO as, like. Ifi13 as thou, like thyself.
to lie, deceive. 3T13 D5S?/b a false proposition,

to corrupt, destroy.

contradiction, denial.

*3 that, because, when.

13> n33 so, as. ID f3 in the meantime.

* 3D13 a star, the planet Mercury, fate.

, vD a vase, organ, instrument. )7D

I|I
perdition,

destruction, consumption.

end, purpose.
to complete, finish. 77^ whole, universal, gene-
ral, opposed to tOlS particular.
all, the whole, every. IflK 73 each one.

much
TO TK pt? 7^
nobody, nothing, more,

anything. DlS^ pK nothing,

opposite to, against.

as, even as. HD3 how much, how many,

quantity. bS^^n ni^n (in logic) quantity.

as, like. mi3 like him. ^ni^D like myself,

to be known. U3 known, pronoun, appellation,

to collect, congregate. Hiph. D^DH to in-
 25

troduce. HD^3, HD^n, DU3, HD33 congrega-

tion, convention, assembly. fiD3Dn JY2 synagogue
DDD to eat. [church.
now. ly until now.
[pD
to be angry. a passionate man. f.
fl^D^.
JD^D
11373, W^B shame, turpitude. T)JT3 ugliness.
to bend, incline, subdue. '1S3 suppression, dis-
simulation. rQltD ISD ungrateful.
11
^ a pagan. ^ISD countryman. ''i'nSi rustic.

to deny. H31D an infidel. JITS!} infidelity.

how ? Composed of ^ and "1V which way.

to gird. J17T13 a cock's comb.

to proclaim, cry, promulgate.

a crier. HTIDn a proclamation.

^n to compel, m^in to be compelled.

necessary con
-
compulsion, force; (in logic)

sequen.ce. mDID compelled necessarily.

to involve, to bind. T*lDfi a cloak.

binding, bond.

pi. Q^13.
or KH^^^ID the hinder parts.

DID the belly. HW pi riDID a phrase used of a fe-

male when pregnant.

*l2n to depress, prostrate, refute, convince.

depression, solution, defence, reconciliation.

 26

ma to cut off.

W3 when, equal to l^iO; it

only serves as a prefix,
as he went.
\?r\W3
* b^an precious female garments.
as, even as, D1t?a idem.
to enchant. ftfcJO/b an enchanter.
IfcJO right, lawful. PHPa right, fiWa legitimacy.
to write. aW written. 3inan the Scripture.

marriage contract. D'OlfO Hagiographia.

scribe, notary, writer.

date, a kind of fruit.

a sect, society, pi. filfia sects.

no> not. 1K7 a prohibitive commandment.

an angel. naSD work, art.
artificial.

contrary, against, opposite, except.

writer, scribe.

D J7 to taste, to eat. t
fl/b' !!7<
tasting, eating.

blade, a flame. a^Pl^P! to inflame,

to be inflamed.

17 to adhere, lend, accompany. TVI? a funeral.

Vl7> VvH to laugh, deride, to speak oratorically.

an orator, interpreter, poet.

derision. nXvD an oration, interpretation.

 27

eloquence.

green, humid, soft. ("Iflv, rVHT7 humidity.

to make humid. fiTTl 7JVI to be made humid.
JVrTpn/ humidity, moisture.
"TH 7, *Tiri7 only, alone, separate.

exceedingly. Heb.
to use enchantments.

if any one inspires you, saying.

to pollute.
jtaSa polluted.
pollution. *]S^nn to be polluted.
1
DJ?, ID^I ? oblique, curved. pDD/K idem.
177, 1717 a branch of a palm-tree.

1257 to teach. "l/^fiPl to study. ^1/537 doctrinal.

1
DVTIfi ? doctrines, science, art. *T)D7n doctrine,

the Talmud. rVn&brir! study, discipline.

tDDS, D'DDS, pi. piDDS and pDlOoS thieves, robbers.
H1I3D7 theft, depredation.

DJ?7 to eat. riD^S eating, mastication.

'37 according to ;
derived from *fi according tx) the

therefore. [opinion, or expression of.

to involve. disease in the eye.

t|l7S7
to whip, scourge. eclipse, smiting.
Hp7 HlpA '1p7
scourging.
on account of. 123t^7 on his account.

language, tongue, idiom, version.

 28

H/b what, which, tf 7 wherefore, nothing,

as nothing. N~n that not, perchance,

for nothing. IHD what is it ?

^3"l D&2 this is only applicable,

exceedingly. **JN firm,

what if, perhaps.

pDfree. JJ03 gratis, p^tt deception. ^^ a ma-

to mete, measure. [chine.
measuration. m^*T/b geometry,
a measure, dimension, custom, rite, usage, pi.

moral laws.

DJHD anything. Talmudical <I

T JD something.
I

to circumcise. Sni/b circumcisor.

to circumcise. nS^ZD circumcision,
of them, certain,

the brain.

to be soft, tender. soft feathers.

p^lD down^
*p)bj depressed, ni^* 1
^ submission.

to change. 1/531D changed, an apostate,

vicissitude, permutation, change,

to die. n*fi, n23 dead.

,nin^ death.

to mix, to temper. Jfjb mixture. n^TD idem,

adulterated,

to smite, delete, impede, avert.

 29

HP123123 proved, tried, excellent.

7H23 to pardon, remit. ^HID pardoning, propitious,

oner, remitter. nSw remission, pardon,
to root out, to be eradicated.
expunge. pfi233
erasure. idem.
pH23 np'fi23
1D23, Xfi1D23 I pray thee, (see in letter 2.)

metatron, the name of a certain angel.

tttti Mhta&fttan account of, for,

if followed by T or n it signifies therefore, be-

cause,
p SltOfi therefore.
ntSD matron, the holy ghost,

metropolis,
because that,
a mile. pi. p^23-
a species, kind, heretic.

'D pi. D^^iD heretics, atheists.

D31D a publican, tax-gatherer,

to speak. n/D a word.

/B equal to VvKft from himself, or iTrom itself,

money, wealth, riches, substance,

anything, solid, substantial, actually, virtually.

from, out of. whence.
|23 |323
to prohibit. yjDJ to be prohibited,

prohibition. 0^123 impossible.

(in logic) the impossible, impossibility.

 30

impediments.
portion, condition. J"OD 7)} on condition.
to give, deliver, to bring forth.

a producer, chastisement, morality.

tradition, masorah, masoretic.

a certain coin. fil^D money.
a little.
tDiyD fewness, paucity.
a napkin.
see in r\&. 'nSIDn rOfc&D the art of de-

monstrating.
to find, to be. *|D existing, present. Ktf&J
(in logic) extant, existing.

existence, substance, essence, n^fin sub-

stance. nNDn invention.

K, medium. HI^^D mediation. ^5fDK
a mediator. ^IV^ a medium, mediation.

a price. *)DDD1 HDD buying and selling.

ID, N1D, 'ID, lord, master.

nD idem. f. HID.
our lord. Doctors of Rabbinism.
pD pi. JJ1D
8th month of the Hebrews, October.
conterere. tritum.
JD*11D
to draw. H3^D drawing.
city. ^nD when.
to wait, to be patient.
[HD, pnDH [IflD patient.
 31

pfiJ&Pl
to expect, ni^nib expectation.

, ItIN} fair, elegant, pi. D'fYIKJ agreeable, com-

cave.
[patible.
to act foolishly, n^, HlSli folly, shame.
ITJOntf to be dry, parched. 1Mb parched.
drying.
*T^ against, ftlT^riPl opposition, contrariety.
to show, tell, announce. PHJin history,
narration. rnJlN collections.

to shine. riJl\3 splendour, the planet Venus.

to illustrate, emend, correct. H^fi a cor-

rector. nnjn correction, observation, annotation.

to play on a stringed instrument, n^ti

pj pulsa-
tion, a grammatical accent. musician.
pj
music. [itive verb.
pj]j melody, harmony,
T13 to wander, to pass away. Tfl} 7^13 a trans-
mi to remove, separate. ^"13 separation, excom-
munication. rni3 excommunicated. m^D ex-
J"13
N^lli dowry. [communicator.
to accustom. Jl^jn to lead, govern, reign.

Jrun/B accustomed, exercised. jnjD a rite, cus-

tom. UTtilb leader.

to quiesce, rest. H^ rest, repose. JT37 quietly.
idem. Pll J tranquil, easy.
 32

to be impure, abominable. lllB abominable.

turpitude.
to sleep. D323iTlft, D^ibJD sleeping.
3 to move. yyiJfift moveable. JT3n a mover.

nym nyn motion.

J, ^TJD a celestial sign, a star. 7f fortune.

3 to reprehend. ftlTi reprehensible. Pl^O re-

prehension.
to hurt, injure. to suffer injury.
pUDK p'TDPt
one who injures. demons.
pp^TJb pT^ injury.
pnj urgent. HX^nj haste, urgency.
to incline. H^D^ inclination.

to lift up, to wash. rP* 1

^ elevation, washing.
to drop, trickle. J"l5b a drop.

"ItM, [ntDlJ notaries. notarical.

pp^tOU
1^^ paper, margin.
, ("OH to smite. nX^n smiting, (in arithmetic)

multiplication.

before, opposite.

to know. *n^n* niDH discretion, discernment.

also.

ri15 toS depression, submission.

l|

depressed.

DD3, Dl/bS a law, custom, pi. poifi^

laws.

Ji a nymph, spouse. [tions.

, D'pl&J observations, animadversions, annota-

 33

variegated, diverse,
to tempt, try. trial,
JVD3 experiment, pi.

temptations.
to transfer. nHDli a copy, a version, pi.

versions. ?TDn> HDPl unconscienciously.

, rOD, KHDDD a tract, part, volume.

3 first month of the Hebrews, corresponding

|D^
to March and April.
to divide, saw. 1D3 table. miD3 fragment,
to out. to produce.
go p^K |TS bearing,
the dagesh of H feminine.

difference, consequence.

a soul, body. ^3^1 by himself. ni2>SJ *3H

criminal investigations.

eternity. *nW eternal. HIVJ victory,

to evade, excuse. ni^Wrin defence, excuse.

PI to excuse oneself.

spark. nOnn pr3 solar rays.

a Nazarene. nVIJH J^B^* Jesus the

Nazarene. D^XUH the Nazarenes, Christians.

"l3nn to become a Christian.

D3 to perforate, bore. holes.

D*2p3
a female.
i"OpD feminine,
to po^t.
Ip1323 pointed, ppj pointer.
^ punctuation.
 34

*lplto inquire. *|1 p} inquisition.

a box, treasury.
to bear, carry. N^l^n (in logic) the subject.
the predicate. K^PI to give in marriage.
one married. NJ>/& a burden.

, ^6571 to be followed, to apprehend, to retute,

yWti one who apprehends, refutes, fil $& p| appre-

hensions, refutations.

nj"0 to dissect, divide. PlirO dissection, anatomy,

to melt, dissolve. ITDfiD mineralogy, metal.
to give.
[nD
a gift. rUTO idem.
to solve, hasten, make lawful. *1J11D

lawful, allowable, ^nTl permission, authorization.

surround. SilD to move in an orb,

POD a cause,
nilllpn JtQD
immediate causes.

WplHin H11D
distant causes. JTQDn fQD the
first cause. H1DD a circuit. ^"OD circular.

a fabulous river in Eabbinical writings.

to bear, carry, ^D, [SlD
a porter.

parapharnalia.
to suppose, think, hope. JI^D opinion.

aspect, hope, faith.

persuaded. VVP1 IliD I ^as of opinion,

to be profitable. 7JDD profit, gain.
 35

PPUD propriety. nS^DH (in logic) peculiarity.

PD, pJJD argument, theme, proposition.

the pole.
pD
to destroy, shatter. a breakage.
pID p*|D
"HD to order, arrange, dispose. "HD, THD order,
series. TllD arranged. N*nD a section of the law.
31D to grow old. N1D, TD old. NHU^D old age.
y\D species, kind, sort, art, style.

JfiD sepire. JPD limit. K\31D order, use, custom.

QiQ, p"D to finish, complete. DVD end, completion.
the month of May.
|1D, |VD
DID a horse. nVDID pi.

*11D Hiph. YDPI t remove, take away, subtract.

subtraction,

to press out.

TDD to be an adversary. an adversary, Satan.

|DD
1E3D to demolish, destroy.

J^D a sword.
P*D to help. NJTD, ny^D, jn*D help.

*TD the sum, whole, number.

CDD to number. D13D number. D^DDPl to approve,

consent. D^DD approbator. D^DIJb conformed.

nfi^Dn convenience, approbation, testimonial.

to be in danger.
J3D, pD^
pD to impoverish. pDD a pauper. fiHIDDB poverty.
 36

T2D a knife.

"DD, *13D3 to be obstructed. rn^DK an obstruction.

to burn, pray.

to forgive. nrV7D pardon. nin s 7D prayers

for pardon.

water flows.
jl/D a canal, anything through which
p7D to remove.
pl/D removal.
p^D finished.
DD aromatics, poison, pi. D^D.
Sambaton, see jVtDlD-
to be near. T)D near, joined. *lD3 idem.

*J2DD support, fulcrum. .NPJDDX idem. H^&D

idem also, imposition of hands. *]D1D promoter.
:

*}DD^ promoted. HI^^DD contraction, (in gram-

mar) relation.

P317/DD the key of a lock or chain.

to sign, seal. a sign, seal, section, para-
p^D
graph, letter.
a crust of bread.
an advocate, procurator. XHU^iD defence,

a shoe. 'nSliD a shoemaker,

a God-father. .

the Sanhedrin.

to worship, serve, purge,

pD
3D to labour. labour.
p p13D pb^vpiD judges,
sugere. Jlfip, NJISDN spongia.
 37

to honour. honourable. n^fiD a ship.

jlSD
*?D3D a scab, bench.

3D, ^lDD!"!. to suffice, be sufficient. suffici-

plfiD
ency. idem.
nipSHDn
to be in doubt.
p^SDto doubt, perhaps. pSHDH
to shave. 15D a barber. HIISDn erasure.
to relate. T)5D narration.

to rebel. l^lD rebellious. .

niiHID rebellion.

tegere,.operire. vlTJDD opertus.

lineare. .
^j|*)1DX5 lineatum.

tDVTID a governor, pi. HIlDimD.

HID* PlIDi to be corrupt. H^DH to corrupt.

pniD corruption.
HID to rebel. [PHID rebellion.

a celestial sign.
|D1D Cancer,
D"1D to castrate. DIIDtt transposed. DITD trans-

position of words.

rYlDHD castration.

barren.
pID pectinare. p*)D
1HD hyems. 'IHO or \^HD .hybernus.
DHD, DHDi absolutely. nttnD antonomasia.

(in logic) undetermined.

to hide. ^HDJ third person in the verb.

secret.
 38

to be repugnant to. PlTHD repugnance, con-

pBWlPl p&fi DHTflDPI contradictory

tradiction.

or the first species. ^B?n Pfi/b DHHIDH con-

tradictory of the second species.

to serve. PlTOy service. HIT JTfliy idol-

atry, the name of a tract in the Mishna.

dense, opaque.
to pass over. riTay transgression.
to impregnate. *iaiy the foetus.
buy a circle. N^ya swiftly.

^y hitherto. ^S *?y before. rtiH TV hitherto.

time. Nnyi now. N^iyD henceforward.
to fail, cease. *1"iyn privation.

^iy to contend, "lljny contention.

T3?
to be strong, firm. Q^fi filTV impudence.
sternutare. ^IDJ^ sternutatio.

an eye. as. to inspect.

py^ p*y
consideration. Wp speculation.
a city. *yiy, W\y civic.
to hinder, retard.
iDyfin to be hindered.

hindrance.
to consume, devour. "OyriPl to be consumed.
consumption. 7DyDn HD power of con-
sumption, or digestion.
 39

now. Way& after this,

contumely, injury.
, hy, hy, hyh, S'yS& upon, above, over,

against.

y to extol, lift up. rhyti dignity, excellence,

a degree, in astronomy as in other sentences,

praise, sublimity, elation,

to have a cause, rpy a cause, occasion.

Tyn rhy cause of causes.

cause, effect. H^D idem. ^"'

rhy, thy) hidden, secret. SCn D^iy the reign

of Messiah.

y people. T*1t<n DV the people of the land, un-

learned people.

to stand. "Ifciy Syfi an intransitive verb,

malleus companae interior,

business, signification, matter. *y^D [^y

pjy
the natural meaning. HV^y poverty. J"113y,
KniiHUy humility. HX^jy Sx primitive matter.
to be occupied, to labour,
,
pDynn
business, study, work,
1

dust, earth. ^3yn TlD earthly element.

*

, K'Synn to be putrified. fflSy putrifaction.

a bone, body, substance. DXyn D2^ a sub-
stantive noun. 'Dvy I myself. 'JDXy/5 from
myself. '&XJD by myself.
substance. filD^yi substantially,
a cubit - B^IPfc of an equil-
apljfib aplSfib
ateral triangle.
apiy/bH t?1t? cubic root,

to be bent. oblique, curve,

Dlpy
circumference.

nifi^py obliquity,
convexity.

pes.
J*piy
a root, fundamental principle,
a scorpion; a celestial sign,
ta
accident. *'N iy2 accidentally,
li^ to confuse, be confused.

mixture, rabble.
to be naked. ("H^Pl nakedness,
to arrange, dispose,
^y order, series.

tribunals. SlD JWyfc disposition (influ-

ence) of the stars.

to happen, occur. jnyfiP! to cause to happen,
ft^y familiar, known.
to do, make, ^y/b practical. H^Jfib practice.

TTlJ/ future, future tense,

to carry over. to transcribe, translate,
pTiyPl
carry over. Hpnyn translation.
pTlJJJb
trans-

lator.
D^p^ny/b interpreters.
 41

a time. DT times.

a corner, side, part. fiN ex parte.

mKSn elegance, beauty, honour.

2> /US uncleanness. .
[blemish.
CJ3, Dirfl, filfc^S, nD*Jfl a rupture, breakage,
a teacher. NHJUTB nutritia.
frons.

S oscitare.

of a song.
J1DTS rhyme
fear TTnnS idem.
-

to lessen, diminish. HIHS D"ltf an inferior man.

lfi diminution, pi. flVJYnS.
to be garrulous. tO^DS garrulous.
to fall down, to dismiss. *11DS permission, ac-

repudiation. H^tOlS poculus. [quital.

to deprecate. t3VD deprecation.
poeta. idem. tOVfi poesis.
|tD^*J
a phial.
to pacify. DVS pacification.
to deprecate, ask.

a wonder. H^^S admiration.

to divide. HlJlSs the middle, fh&n to ex-

eel, dissent. ^7S1J5 divided, separated.

hyperbole.
 42

dissention.
pSfi discrepant.

Plato. palatum.
|*taf?fi

palatia. K'&T'S platea.

Ss to be accustomed to dispute. 7S?SD
disputant. SlS^S disputation. HH7S73 piper.
dux, leader.

D17'S see in D7S.

philosopher. N'SID^fi philosophy.
publicly, openly.

^7ib3 family.
, host, hospitality.
p^ttlfi ^n^j^lilfi
to evacuate, to be expert, to remove, to go out.

to be vacant, idle. *I3S vacant, idle, a bachelor.

idleness. D^S modes, reasons. D^JD within-

D^Sv idem, before.

DD3D record, register, account-book.

"IDfli TDSH to destroy. *TDS destruction, damage.

SoS, 71DS profane, illegal. NHI^DS balbus.

to amputate, decern, decree.

pD3
pDISH
naxan (in logic) proposition.
a sentence, decree.
pDIS an
arbiter.
pD3, NpDS
to cease, fail. verse, period.
pDS> pDSi pIDS
cessation, intermission, an accent.
pDSrij npDSH
Syfi to work, a verb. 7^13 an act, action, actor.

S to obstruct, shut. SS to pierce, scrutinize.

p15p3 obstruction, impediment.
to presume.
"IpS TpSD presumptuous.
to make common, to prostitute.
p*)5n common,
velum, cortina.

pragmatical, a merchant, negotiator,

negotiation, sometimes written N^OplS.

T"l3 to divide, separate, disjoin. *V)S3 separated,
absolute. KT153 fHpD separable circumstance,

separation. TlSrO to be separated.

keepers.
to tremble, fear.

, hence K>Dmi3 publicly,

a porch.
flos. 713713 TIIU priestly flowers.

13*15 to be particular, specific, individual, singular.

(in logic) special, particular. HVtD^S parti-

cularity, singularity.
obolos.

to break. llSJin to be broken,

to govern, feed. DJ"l5 governor, pastor,

aliment, sustentation. ftDJISJD nurse.
DD1S to publish, divulge, manifest. DD*lSJ*0 to be
revealed, manifested. DDTlfifi public, manifest.

ni&D*l5 facts established, indisputable.

to avenge, vindicate. JHW to be vin.

JHSHtf,
 44

vindicated. ftV^IIS vindication, punishment.

solution, compensation, retribution.

an avenger. yiSD? originally, before hand.

N151S purple.
countenance, face, image, person.
comforters.
pi.
pD^pIS
negotiation.
113 to break. 1S1Sfin * ^ e broken.

pllSIS, WN1S1S minutiae.

to explain. BITS explication, commentary.

BHSPl an interpreter, commentator. t^l^SO u
the commentary, clearly, distinctly.

*o separate oneself, to distinguish, divide.

discrimination, difference. J"flBHS&?

separation, section. [tended.

to extend, diffuse oneself. tD^fifin to be ex-

naked, simple. DK^SH simplicity.

tJlK'S simple, opposed to t^llD allegorical.

certain, simple, absolute, name of Syriac

Version of the Scriptures.

to liquify. 1J?3 to join together. [tion,

transaction, composition, convention, arbrita-

t^St^S to scrutinize. ^ISfcyS investigation.

suddenly. ^I^HS sudden.

to open, begin.
 45

S opening, beginning, prologue.

opening, the name of a vowel.

to mix, to crash.

to cast forward, impel. a little book.

Npftfi
to break, fit) a piece (of bread, &c.)

to tinge, colour. y^ a dyer. JlK a finger.

tincture.

to congregate. "llHtf congregation.

*1 a side. *j ^3 7^ on every side. "1n

(in logic) the auxiliary verb.

the planet Jupiter.

almsgiving.
to shine. in the colour of gold ; gold.
to command, ''jltf a precept. niL53 to be

commanded. niXZil by commandment; i. e. a son

13 years of age.

X to form, designate. *V1S to be formed.

a form, figure. IVX formation, imagination.
former. *]"& idem.
to sign, designate. sign, epitaph.
JV
H^n to attend, give ear. JVJJV3f f. a hearer.
to pray. H^lTX f- a petitioner.
to be neat, splendid. HIPIX neatness, elegance,

perspicuity.
 elegance. HVniVJb splendid, shining.
to laugh. fpn a mocker.
L
to hang up, suspend. ^7 a cross.

, PP^n to prosper, be happy. nPPtfn prosper-

to be profound. 7l7 limped, clear. [ity.

to germinate. Flibll? vegetable.

vegitation.

, DJD1? to contract, frffit contraction.

to grow cold. frigid.

p1
, ym modest. njn, ni^X modesty.
to hid. ny^^l in secretly, opposed to
in public.

Xn to grieve, be anxious.

iyV grief, anxiety. *l^tOX/D anxious.

!n> yft} to be sharp, acute,

"p necessity, *]*"llt necessary.

to join. ftn*2f conjunction, combination.

because. he says.
*l/bXp
alea.

aleator.
DIDDVlIp
to accept, receive. ri7l tradition, Cabala-

Cabalistic, au-
nivlpfi acknowledged
thority, traditions.
to fix, make firm. Jfli ny a fixed time.
 47

stability.
to collect.
TOp collection.
a small government, the key of a ship.
tD^l^p
to come before, to prevent, antedate.
D*Tp DHpn
Pl/D*lpn preface, premise, proposition. riDlpn
rnlUn the major premise.
HJDpn nib"lpn
the

minor premise.
before,
,
D*tp nfi*1p, trip, WZTTp priority.

first, ancient, eastern.

\31/b"lp prior, DTpID
anticipating, preventing.
to obscure, be obscured.
"J*Tp J"flTlp> 11*Tp eclipse,
sanctification. [defect.
llp
espousals. nt?1*lp sanctity.
to congregate.
HTlp congregation.
Tip, T*pn venam secare. nipH scalp.
L '
L '

a voice. vocal.
7lp *7lp
to arise, stand up, remain. alti-
Dip Hl&lp stature,
tude. inseparable circumstance.
D^p nipO
nO*p> DVp circumstance, standmg, station, subsist-
ence. stable. to subsist, be confirm-
D*p D^pnn
ed. a place, God, because he is
everywhere.
D1p23
local.
'Dlpfc
pp to nauseate. np1D nuisance.
11 manare. mineral.
p> *l*pn Tlpt) metal,
polus.
 48

an accuser. an accusation.
NHWtDp
to contend, strive, be irritated.

Pl/b contention, strife.

, ashes. cinerens. J
KfctDp [fctDp
little. smallness, minority.
Jt3p JllJtop
legumen. pi.
flVJtDp.
to cut off.

to bind, diameter. exhalation.

ItOp Iftlp *V)to"p
to accuse, oppose.
IHtbp
summer,
pp adjective.
^'p
to emanate. emanation, eruption.
Hvp Hlvp
to gather, collect.
D/p PltD'vp reception.
, S light.
7pSp
to destroy, corrupt.

destruction. a little.
SlpSp ^Sp light,
pi.
po^Sip.
to praise.
Dlbp praise. *lfiD7p effigy.

decorticare. nS"7p decortication.

a chart.
tenue. iD^tD lutum tenue.
,
B'lSp ^iSp
before. before him. first, from
Dp Tll/bp Kfcp
Dip before.
jfcp7 within, below.

corrugari. hagse.
plDfip
an amulete. modicum.
yttp, n^^Dp Kyttp
to collect. tenax.
|^ttp parcus,
little finger. name of a vowel.
bp V^p
 49

zealots, pi. f.
J'KJp
cannabis. >U**^

conditum vinum.
to acquire, possess, possession, acquisition.
pjp
tergere. abstersio.
J"l13p

, to irritate, to vex, deride.

tO'ipn ipjp
vexation, vexatious. one who vexes.
ptDJp
a cwt. a folio of a book, brochure.
D"lt3i1p

pp> ^''J'lJp
convention, conspiracy.
to punish. punishment,
Dip DJp pi. filC^Ip.

a flask, cantherus.
I p^p
s
"lD Caesar, king, emperor. Caesarea*
"IDp, p pID'p
to be condensed.
1p condensation.
t|

to be curious, solicitous, attentive.

Spn care, solicitude.

-p one w ^- ^s a11 ?^-

to cut off, rescind.

[tion.
succidere.
lIVp
determined.
2p predestina-

p, nvp, mpO,
a part, some. DHSD mp23*l
in some books.

tropic, extremity. JltTfrnn n3fp (in logic)

major term,
L
fnntfn nvp minor term. np
vllin principal term. |Dpn nXp the secondary

term, or minor term.

to shorten, abridge.
 50

brevity, abbreviation. nip "1*1*1 elliptically.

to read.
NIpD reading, i. e.
Scripture, also a
verse, pi.
HIKIpD.
biblical, textual, a Karaite, who rejects the Tal-
ip
mudic traditions, believing the Mosaic laws alone,
is applied to those Masoretic criticisms which

mark a marginal word to be read in the text

though not written there.

a reading, for readers.
nK'lp pip [Wlp
happen, meet. an accident,
Hip to nipfi
accidental.
fillip contingency. "HpD
Dip granum, bacca, frustulum.

pp capital, head, corner,

pip cart, carrum, carruca. pi. fillip-

to harden. to be made frigid,

"Up llpfin
frigid.
lip, fill'lp
Hip hardness, frigidity,
a city, civic.
^nip
to be sharp, difficult, to make difficult.
n^pn
an opponent, interrogator.

,
N^lp an objection, difficult question, a query,

difficult, hard, obscure.

k
difficulty. with
G?p ^Ipl difficulty.
to adorn. tOB^ to be adorned, to adorn one-
tDtyp pHH
ornament, [self.
 51

to bind, to be bound,
^p bond, proposition.
to compare, assimilate.
,
t^pH fcj>pn, n^pn
proportion, syllogism.
sonitus cam-
pulsare caupanam. D^lp^p
sonus, tinnitus. [panse.
a bow. an archer, a celestial sign.
fifc^p

to see. 'IK'^ worthy, agreeable.

vision, ocular observation. HlfcO vision.

demonstration. HI JO v^ organ of vision.

to increase, to be multiplied. 31*1 multitude.

1 collective noun, many, plenty, multitude, abund-

ance. pi. mas. D^n pi. fern. TYO*!-
master, pi. JTQIj but always with affixes, as

our teachers. idem.

|1*1 pi. pn.
magistracy, Rabbinical chair, Rabbanism.
to encrease. JTH^D increase.

, JVmn usury.
ny^l pluvia. yillD quadrangle.
to lie down, crouch. ]^mn to cause to crouch.

to be angry. one who is angry, f. H^UI-

pJH
^ 7^1(1 to be accustomed to.

exercised. ^IID used, accustomed.

-U*! conversation, usage. 7^nn use, exercise.

, W*r\r\ tofeel, be sensible of.

 52

sense, feeling. tPJ^lib sensible.

to pursue, follow. H^Tl consequence, infer-
ence, conclusion. tjTljn DW a synomymous name.
n cognominatio.
to run. NDVn D1S/ cursus, festinationis

to irrigate. 'I'H irrigation. [causa.

a spirit. ^HII, ^mi spiritual.
winds, parts.

Jill a space, interval, distance, fillip Hlli spacious.

to give space, enlarge, liberate, to profit.

, lucrum. nrTHn latitude, width, profit.

'fcll Roman. D^OII, *Nfi11 the Romans.

a bachelor. pi.
pp'H
to have mercy, pity. a merciful one.
Ifin^l

mercy.
,
D^pH^I
nwhw three dimensions: length.

width, and height or depth.

to evacuate, emptiness.
,
pnn niipn, JTIpH
vacant.
niJp^lS vainly.
to join, engraft. 13T)a complex.

composition.
centre.

to indicate. IfcT}, r\Vfcr\ an index.

TO*) superciliousness, pride.

within, below.
 53

to famish, famished.
}J"Qjn
}, 'jn dung, excrement.

.
Djnnn obmurmurare. nDiyin murmuratio.
to will. will. 'OlV'n voluntary.
pv*l
corrigia calcei. J?mD subula.

conjoined, continuous,
to be transparent.
pplj p^p"!
water mixed with lime.
pp"1
nE^*1, r\*\W^, p*^*1 faculty, power, ability, licence,

pi- nVISJH authorities. JllEHl with permission,

lawful, free.
to be remitted. rfivfcJHnn remission,

remitting.
to designate, describe, note,

description, designation, sign, mark,

delineated.

to be fervid. HIT! to grow fervid,

ebullition. rUTH^ fervid.

to ask, interrogate, inquire. ^KTl to lend,

to place. Swi borrowed. nSx^

metaphorically.
a question, request.
to break. DO1^ ]'!& fragments.
to praise. rD12?D praised, laudable.
 54

prase, ncrease.
on account of.

to break. Xlfc? a fracture.

t^DH^n to be perplexed, stupified, seduced.

confusion, perplexity, error, corruption.

>, WOE? the planet Saturn.

to provide. nfWH providence.

contemplation, speculation.
sent out, expeditious.

to send, send out.

to espouse. ^TIT
1

^ espousal, copulation.
agent for espousing.
agency for espousing.
to endeavour, to be occupied.
n exertion, business, study.

the spine of the back.

to delay, tarry. r\"r\W delay, tardiness.

again, yet, besides.

H1^ to be equal. n^l^H or *))& equality, compari-

son. niKTI ID the equinoctial line.

some one. t^i *11 D}& some human being.

on account of, in the name of.

to place.

, nil^ a line. IfiDn fillip the lines of a book,

a bull, a celestial sign,

 55

"11 V to sing. TW&apoet. !"TOasong.

to twist. twisted threads.
ptlTP pt3in
, TIP, wn TO, axiia.

morning. *"in&? belonging to the morning.

blackness, HIPPS? blacking,

to be black, to grow black.
"HPIS? to give liberty. TlHWH to be liberated,
to grow foolish. HDI^ a fool,

foolishness. NnVD^ idem,

a line, order, rite, style, custom, system,

expanse, expansion, superficies,

pi. ni*lLD2% document, contract, bill of debt,

to agree.
*]*
<)

^ agreeable, suitable.
JTnBf monilia, catenae,
p*i^Bf,
a host, army. JITS?! catervatim.
to lie down. y^W deceased.

^ a lying down.

to find. rV3? usual, of frequent occurrence.

S^^H to understand,
ingenuity.
inteUectual. niS^^l/b intellectuality,
intellect. S*DB^D intelligent, prudent.

intelligence. n'lil^X'in HlS^^tt axio-

matic. nV36?n HI/^K'O demonstrated proposi-
tions.
 56

to dwell, inhabit. PG'OS? neighbourhood.

fc? the majesty of God. pledge, pawn.
pD?/5
pledged, pawned.
v a sliding scale.
to send, send out. rivfc? messenger, legate,

? legation. [apostle.
a table. Tifivty banker, money-changer.
to deny. Sblt^n (in logic) negative.

51 universal negative. \T?nn vvl^H part-

icular or partial negative.

negation, denial, h'htf abortion.

to perfect, complete. H123 v? completion.
elixare. olera elixa.
pplS^ HlpY
concatenare. 71^7^ diarrhaea.

pi. niN^^ chains.

a triangle. ^iS^ threefold.

a name. Q^n God. DETD as. D^S, DS? h$

on account of, therefore.

^t? heavens, God. D^t^ Dt^7 for the sake of

God. NW God, Dan. 4 : 23. 0*fi^ celestial,

heavenly.

perhaps, peradventure.
to destroy. TD1tT/!3 an apostate.

a^n perdition, apostacy.

to be made an apostate.
 57

persecution. r\T\tiW 1*113 they decreed per-

JVJ1Jfc? fatness. [secutions.
to hear. yjDfc^D hearing, it
appears,
to serve, minister. niC?DS?n J*l twilight.
, ?? a minister, servant,

ministry, service. Also {^tt^ to copulate.

copulation,
to use, minister, serve.

a species of excommunication,

to change. D'W diverse. JTUBVUP change,

diversity. n^n^tt variable, mutable,

n variation, mutability.

to learn, teach. rWfc the Mishna.

to oppress, subdue, subject to servitude,

subjected. liyn^H to be subjected,

subjection, servitude.

rw wax.
to estimate, conjecture. Tiy^ conjecture,
to be quiet, tranquil. ^SlW tranquil,

tranquility.

judgment, right, property. DSfe?n

(in logic) proposition.

a sentence composed of two parts,

idem, composed of three parts.

TlDK D3^D a true sentence.

 58

to shed forth. rfl3*32> effusion.

humble, inferior, lower.

influence, influx. yS&JTI to cause to flow.

to strike, bruise. a striking.

,
tfPW t)WS2?
, weight, ftjnn consideration.
SpE>& Slp?
to fall. the declining of the sun.
PiypB?
to falsify. one who tells falsehood.
ppEP
tSHB^ a line, chart.
to draw a line. lineaments.
ptDltD*lfc?
rule, line.

firm, stable.

a root. JW15> radical.

to dwell. D^ID^I^ companions.

society.
urinam reddere. n^n^PI urination.

urine.

to communicate.
a companion, co-operator.
Pjnifc?

society. HISH^ idem, commerce.

idem, equivocation.
a sixth part.

twins, a celestial sign

form, nxntoform. IWntt described.

D2? an adjective.
 59

a word, nilTl *W abbreviations.

condire cibos. 7im condimentum.

spices, grocery. S^na spicy.

to claim. niJT^n a claim.
3n a crown, apex. pi. pn the upper cuts of Hebrew
*")Hn assiduous, continual. [characters,

nnn to grieve.

21 H or in besides, more, again; derived from SIJ^.

because. meantime.
*]ina therefore, *p "]ina
to stick. ^nrO sticked.

, TnJin to begin. nSnnn beginning, exordium.

to terminate, determine. DiriH limit, bound-
a treasury. [ary.
Np^n
speculator. ^iVH a pleasure walk.
to weigh, append, number. rOI^D astronomy,
pin an astronomer, K7 it does not agree.
pn*
Ppn, t\yr\ immediately.
rhfr, *hf\ a dragon, star.

D vM Psalms of David, for D^iin. CvH cumuli.

6^7 p to extirpate.
DH there, nan, pn idem. Qna, pnD thence.

nan, n^an continually. Yann to continue, -rana

continual, mann continuance.
nan to be astonished. niYan, na^n admiration,

to teach. l*i l^n our Rabbles teach.

 60

a talmudic doctor.
to be pacified on certain conditions.
condition. *&OJ"Q conditionally.
to sew, stitch. nYfifl sewing, stitching.
to apprehend.

to ordain, order, rectify.

ordination, direction,
ppfi right.
J"13pn direction, regulation. [testion.

mnn to protest, be protested. HNinn pro-

"in two. ~)Dy *in twelve, the minor Prophets.
succus viatorius.

a cock. nSl^in a hen.

KSinn 7V2 a house of shame.

to solve, explain. a solution, explanation.
pll^H
a respondent.

, &r\ to be infirm. W\T\ to disable.

feeble, infirm.

pi- DTlin morus arbor.

for ninn under, for.

lo
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

The learner will bear in mind that tliese abbreviations are al-

ways marked with two oblique strokes, e. g. 3"XX-

N stands for 1 ; as a sign of the Conjugation Aphel,

and of the 1st. pers. fut; also for ^tf, nflXj

T1K, DTK.
NX for IEIK MX, mx MIX, irvSx nax,
-rnx, TIN js^, n^D *N,
pN pa*, B^'N n^'

for

for

for
p
for nD p
for

for

X ^
for

x IK nK for D^nin^n nnx, D WM nnx,

rmra
K for ND\S M^i K.
for
\W p
for
p n %
 62

nix for Kin -pa

'IK for D^
j" p
TOK for 'S^n ia w
"3N for DIJV DHY
ynK for n^y m*r nxn
x for jynpn nn p afi<.

ponj JTN, pmu p

for

for

for

for nn
for

for

for

for n^D nn DT, ma m

for DiS^n vSy in
for IDSH 1D, ^H l

for

for ni

i for
pin
for ynt
for

for
 63

'2tDN a certain alphabetic combination.

N3HN 3HN for *|ON
*p 1HN, *p TIN-
\S for SNIP* pN.
:\x for jrS"i:i mirr ION.
JTN for DBTI -mr D, D^n nrr D
for IfiBf
*p3JT ^1.
for
p QK.
K for
pxi 'H 1
p |DX.
for

for

for i

K a certain alphabetic combination.

for
p S D.
for DnXD p, N^D TIN,
for

for
JON
t^ON* for D^Oty D'O
noN n^j? nn D^So onmn
for

a^nn ^S^o IVN.

JN for 10^ DN,

"J3N
for D^inri D*N^3 NH
IWN for nyi nSo n JON
DN for n^D JON
for
CjDN pIDS 5)1D
for N^ 3tf, xi "ION.
 64

for

for
l^y t|N
for "s Sy _*)K.
for ^n iS'S
for
jfc'D pIDS
for ^^' '

for

for mi
for mn^ tri irnnx

for ^a

for

for T

for ^iS
p
for e
Bf*pS
for nsy D^ nn
for

for
[i pyae^ pi
for

for

for

for

for *
iDxn DK,
 65

1 stands for 2 ; at the beginning of words it signifies

on, in, with, through, for, against.

XI for
pTIX 11, -)B>X p, IX TO.
i for cSiyn *\hb wrbx mrr nnx -pi
'xi nSsn yap mrr nnx -pi.
for

for D^nn *Sya, nm, pin pin, xinn xin

for

for
n;Snn TJD
for SX^DJ p, D
for rnvji p, n^ p
-m for xm p^i.
for n^n nnii:i,
for
p pji.
for xwi xnyoi, p n^i.
for oniox nnn nai.
mi for ^^nnan nmi.
ni for DOVI nni, ^npon n^i, no^in
n^in Syi,
mpDn ^
n^in pni, xin *jnn, SSn n*
xni for on&ix SSn n^i.

jni for ntS'nJ miSn Syi.

xi:ni for
px ID^I ^nw otrn
for ^"i ni-
npni e^npn
11 for
 66

la for
p.
na for
pin p, c'ti ^jn, ain
;nna for Diana mi
mna.
ittS-a for pKi p oSiyS mrr
:a for n^na rana.
D^I for nin* TIM *]na.
M 1
i&ipjttb
for w nSy^ TIM p.
for T ?
p.
for W3^N pe^lj
for 1N ''JTxb
p.
for

for

for

for

for nD^in niiT^T WJTQT

for ni^ty wfraip
for ^n*tf p.
for KHD^ Din
for no tprS jnia
TDl for NOBfT Xiyoa.
ya for NITV
p, Wny p> D^y nwna, nSiy nna
nya for

anjra for

mya for ntn niya, ntn

niya for
 67

i"yi for inn

sn for ns KI
for ni.
pi Sip
11 for *

pa for *

for

for
*
for

m for n^in Syi, nii^n

inn for D\DHI mira.

J stands for 3.

m for D^n *j, wn nnu,

nj for

^ for
*]

1J for
[1
DJ.
for nnittn N'
ppntsii
for
py p, nny nSi
for SNID^ nou nw

T stands for 4 ; as a sign of the genitive ; it also

answers for the Hebrew Ifc^tf which, that.

NT for -inK in, in

for
[1
for owl nn, Sin
 68

tf"m for
pnfctf NTH.
nym for oiS^n vSy *]San
sm for pns om.
Sn for
paaS n.
ytfaSn for naiy nny ^a
nnS-7 for ^n na^n xhi*
an for

31 for

on for

sn for
psms n.
for

aix nil pw.

for irnm nan, nm onan.
for DIBna mm.
for ^ai nan.
a*py
vn for
*]aiS^ ^nn.
m for min nan.
ypm for *n?y rfcnp o-Snn D^a^n nan.

n stands for 5 ; as a mark of interrogation, and as

the definite article.

n for rnns DE>PI.

xn for a*a nin.

Snxn for nmnS nmin
yxn for Niiy |a oann.
 69

nnn for

nan for Kin "pi

n for rniroS i

:n for
[yD-n 'in.
-in for ;rn:n wn, naan Nin, "pi Nin
for

nn for pnn *]n

w^
inn for n,
^ann for SHJH
nnn for >

tn for ni
nnn for

^n for
KnDn for
Sn for n^S nin.
for ifciS iS n*n.

for

on for ^a ^n,
n for i2:Ni
for '&j ^n.
n for rbyzh
for 'in >Syn.

nyn for nin

sn for tn'3 *in.
*
for *in,
pn xnp
 70

"an for wn
for

for
[
swa Np &on.
npn
for ^n
-in for rtn
for

for

nn for

^n for

1 stands at the commencement of a word for the con-

junction, and ; and at the end for the suffix of the

3d. person.

for nifcB> nStfl.

for m niw
for

for
paa pia
i for

for

for

for

for Pro liD^^ TT^

T stands for 7.

for n-i roS

 71

T for
rtba pi.
* *?m for n
laon*
nrp^w nin^ iypn ni
for Saosr jni.
for nraS ura, i^S 1121, lai^S ni.

for nn oSiyn rh
for H3^23 JHT.

for n^niS
p*TV
for o M
pi p jnr, emp
n stands for 8.
NH for D^aiK D^DH.
in for m
pin.
nn for DBTI ^Sa ^n pSn,
in for Q^I on.
for
*
for

for

Sn for
na Jin Errn bn for Din *nn ditS Din

iSn njn nniS Din.

for

inySn xin oSiyS pSn.

for

an for n&a Dinn, njna Sin,

for min njtr mo npn.
for H23H the sun, HJI^ Venus,
 72

Mercury, nil7 the moon, ^rDfc? Saturn,

Jupiter, DTKfi Mars.

p'Yl
for
pp Spa KB>np mia trip
for
p&pi

t3 stands for 9.

ND for *inK nyta,

HD for

DED for
Dt3 for

stands for 10.

N* for Dnai B'V

for ij^ninx
%
nSi irn m;r.

KW for in nin*
Jl* for
for
pl^
T for
pO"lU jy*.

n> for nn n*iv-

JT for &?m p *nv

n 1
for -iiMn DV.
iin^ for min is jn^n
^wp*.
anv for

T^ for
 73

N'T for pK
IT for Sin or.
tt< for m& QV.
" for
pxi pK nSiyS *p:uv
for

for

for
-
for ^n p
for

for
* for

for

ir for ix^i mx inia^s i nix mrr

t3^^ for 11D *1X\

nDnn n^np *nn.

for
ap*
^ for pxn % nv
HT for nin on*.
for

igf* ^^ for

pay ^^ for
irna-
)V for DJnn
n^i n" for nSynn
map n^y nn
for \r\yw-
ppn* rfenp
 74

'3 stands for 20; at the beginning of words, accord-

ing to, as, and at the end as the second person.

jo for DK 'a, nnN Sa, *IDK no.
fc?SKa for DlSfc? iS "]B>K Sa.
Snxa for nanab DJVOT Ionian VT&K na.
ID for Sn^ pa.
-ID for nibxn naa, nan Sa.
na for nan^n na-
Sn^na forIonian iizan naa.
bt
na for jDVin pa, Kin |a, ^n *a, Tiaan xoa
na for nax Kin [a.
jna for Niij -Nna.
-nna for -in ain niaa.
aia for naai naa, *jai ^a.
Dia for niStai D^aaia.
TD for ni Sa,
pi Sa.
o for SKI^^ nwa.
aa for*|3
Sa, pna Sa, a^na p, ana p, ana Sa
Sa for N^S Sa.
nSa for -non D^iyS *a.
*Sa for SKI^^ ^iS pa.
aa for -jnSya niaa.
-raa for naxn jxaa.
for vn nSya niaa.
for
 75

n'Vaa for traann iiaxs? iaa.

naa for ynKfin nSya maa.
for ^ nxij p.
for <S1D Sa.
D'plDS
ya for oSiy Sa pay Sa p^>y na.
SD for D^U ^, ^^3 "2.

3 for

for Sa,
pa np
j^a for ty Sa,
na for *jnixsn maa.
na for jnav DJnn p.
s

'S stands for 30; as sign of the dative, to, for.

*6 for

for

for

for

for

for
par n
for ^na
rh on KO^?.
for

for nan nann

for ni
\\vh.
for
 for miv
for mm
itoN pS, nnx
for

for

for

for

for

for

for

^ nny
for ?vS
for
pp
for
*p*
for
np
for *ra n^p
for

for

stands for 40; at the beginning of words for

from, than.
& for nnN ^ppo, nn^ p,
for ynt
for

DXO for

for T i^nim -ioo.

 77

for

for

for
tjK
nw inna jna.
for
pllD p
raa for
-pin
JD for nSn^ n^iioa,
TD for nai jNa, ynai ^a, a^m ina.
Nia for naw n^n na.
na for rhur\ iixa, ^n aura, oSiyn ma
p-?n ma, nian ^Sa, niaixn oSa.
D^nna for rnia in^ ima. n ann
im ana for pn urn *h'a *yn wa.
Snna for trf? apr S inn ima.
mnia "nna for ^i inn 1331 ima.
S^nna for *mS naS^ S ann ima.
Stna for ST lia^n naxa.

pn ^n nS^a.
for

fornnr jns tran wva.

toa for DVD na,
*a for nin* niana,
aa for

'n^a for

rca for "[n-iKun niaa

Sa for j^ wa.
for nyenn
 78

i"rh& nan wn nth

for

aa for Dia S:D&, Dia n&oa, ni:na

for

for

for

for D pn
DD for

:ID for

mtD
for
pDD
D for D^ry
for nyS

for nx ^ in nin^ D^ ty

for

for
pios
for on
for

cabbalistic contraction.

for njna,
^np Nipo, pp pp
for xm ima, nn ^ma, nn mia.
for naiS uin na.
nyna for niS^n vSy ir
for
 79

n"E>D njm zv -jriD, ninm lax^ HD

for

r^D for mrw na, |D [w na.

na for rnin jna, rue>a min 'B mm
'^ stands for 50; at the beginning of verbs, as future

1st. person pi. c., praet. and at the end for the 3d.

person pi. fem.

NJ for aointf XHDJ,

33 for nxi anM.
ro for roun m
for Krw Din
for

for

for

for

for
py 11-111

for
n^pifii
wann rrm
for DiSty
pn,
for
pxn yn
for min nrra
for
py pi rvnn

'D stands for 60; also for n&inD, p*D,

ND for m ISO, DHN HID, 1HX
 80

/D for rnjw spo.

no for *|njn NpSo, nan spa K
*HD for
no for San *p, m&n DD.
nno for ivan
ino for vmn
no for D^n DD.
'D for ni^*
So for n^
:DD &D for
S
D for HP^
for
pDD [Dp
DD for Ppp C|1D, Np^SD
yo for oSiy mo.
SD for
plDS 5]1D, p^fl
for
pSD Nftp p"lfi
ID for nii^xn HID.
for ^ja nnpj
for nan ma^
no for min nso, nnin nno, n^nn
for

y stands for 70; also for

r\y for
for
 81

y 'y for ^ hy M Sy.

ny for
-pn ?y, -an Sy, NT Sy, Tiyn nny
my for na^n *pn Sy.
ny for ni -an Sy.
for S&?a TTT ^y, na nm Sy.
for D^Ssy
T*n?y.
ny oiS^n vSy, nin pjy, nin aSiy
for

n^s^n a^y, wmpn py, pnxn oy.

my imy for in D^iy.
my my for nn abiy.
ty for mi miny, nt Sy, PIT cy.
Niy for na ni Sy.

jiy for na3 ni Sy.

^y for n* Sy,
apy* py.
D*y for lib nr my.
a^y for ^n* Sy.
Dnpia
^y for
p Sy, |3 ny, oaan mny, inna Sy
n^y for vnin |a ny, xn Sa hy
cny for niSiai naaia nsiy.
T^y for HT Sa oy.
Say for ui^S |a ny.
sny for D^S SD Sy, i^iiu
[so ny.
^y for S'yS p*y.
ay for S^a Sy, rnnaKO nn^y, nao Sy
 82

for ir?K y.
pun*
for
pao
orp im py
for

for nsio tor,

for

for

iyy for nit miny

sy for ^ Sy,
^y for iv Sy
for
py
>
for
Spy n^p my.
^y for nnsr any, DGJ>
j^y,
DiS^ oy, DS?
for iosn yw by.
for

'fi stands for 80 ; also for DyS, plDS,

p^fi,
n^ns, nnins,
N25 for nn B^
sxs for ns Sx ns, nys nnK oys. [nnx
f
^3 for nSiTi Nn^iSs, J
pis
:^s for B^na i^tr*
pis- iu
is for Nisei nns, JOSDI Npos,
ns for
Dnto^ipn
ems, xin pios.
for ft TtfO IS.
 83

D"S for nDinD nnm

for ns pnns.
DHtMlp B>T, Kfcp
for
pS
D"HS for T)D B>1V! T0"l tDB>3 the four kinds of

exegesis.
for
p-ns
for Sx^n S
for

for en
for

stands for 90.

for

for

'
stands for 100; also for

for
jS 5?D^2: Np-
for Nin "jni
&nnp.
:p
for nSn^ nSnp.
for i&irn
ip Sp-
for
'p 3py nSnp.
for "S
Sp |S Na^p, n^p, pnnS 7p
for
IDp -jnn NpSo Kp.
for
pp ntrnp n^np.
for
ppp t^np e^np
 84

for trn* ^n^a nyw run Si

for

for
nsrp

S stands for 200.

i pi, *m, an, -ny^N
for a*i, ifi an.
for

for

for KITJ;
p
DU"1 for ^ D'fcD D*in Ps. iii. 2. These
are thought to be, D"& H I

(Romans), D**

(Babylonians), DMV (Grecians), DHfi (Medians).

y^in for nSij? ^^ liin.
:-i for K*\tx ^n, ^N^DJ pi,
n for
K0??yi ^un, in
for
'n&p
Tn *a>
for. rwn ^NI, nSiyn pan, D^ain men
for n^n^n ni^n.
Sn for n^iaS njnai li^nian.
m for ^nn ^xn, nD^n JWNI, xnon an
for IS^DV Din c Mn an.
for hxybw
-])
S, n-nn* S, w S, n
Nan for niy^x p apr S.
jan for
pnu p ppv S.
tan for ^at ;a pnv pi.
 85

Van for *b p yaw H

can for TKD "in
spv S.
in
pn for
jro pnr *m.
ran for rw in
pnr H
nn for pan w S, &"n rrnrv 'i.

Na&n for cmaK na aiD cv S,

n ^ ppa apr H
ri for na^ nxn, [pn?
:aSn for CB^IJ p nS
22-1 for n^a '"I, N^a^n
for "jizra na
for nw i\sa S,
for
pro na nr jni
in TNO
nan for
[tn
n^a S.

"]01
for
pa WB S.
%
y-i for ni-
na*py
np for D^rn vSy irni.
fin for B>fcn, 6TN1.
pIDS pIS
for
pya^ [ni.
nninx
for
p pyo^ irni.

p npSe> 'i.

for ^a^ p pyw [ni.

for ^nv [n pya^ 'i-

for -VKO [n [1^22^

S, ^D DB^
for pp?
 86

for obiy ^ mi.

m for mm *B>*n, on wai.

jy stands for 300; and at the beginning of words

often for 1t?tf.

for NnnN DIG?.

for

for

for ^ "11

for

for D^
for

for
nSipn
for

pyD B^aill 1 S^ Speier, Worms, Mainz.

1%
for

for Din
for IltD

for nSsnn
for -ay m *a n^ DB>.
for

for

D^S^ forJD
for

for wo
for n % any nn^o mw,
 87

"
B> for TO rrrw.
for nna
for D'TTD
the 365 precepts.

for n-ray ':w,

for i^T
jmnS jnSn Sy
for

for

for NII nia^, sn

IpT D
for

for D'BP DB',

for w^n NttSty, o*n NOB>, nSsn

stands for 400; before and after verbs as the

second person

D for nriK DiJin, DiSjiN Dunn.

for

in for I
ill Din for nwj NI sp:D
:n for nSn: nyi^n, nSnj nrpn.
nn for D^non n nn, %
"]i"in
n'7*n.
ii^n for IJ^D*! mnai pmni n^in.
paSann for 0^5; NTQ SN^> nasr nS^: en
1

nn for Din i^Sn, -in xn.

^n for *a^n* num.
 88

for nvyii nvB>p fin

11

i"pTi
for Q^HD min.
for -i&iS iiD^n, hvh nSnn, wf? nn

nSn for >n

on for
for TD:> innijo -nn.
an for ^n^ S^ ^vi vSy niSD inn^o "nn
for
I&N py pi
njn for "Dn ^i *nn.
for

for n^nn nnxa mnx

on onsio ppn.
for

yn for n^y nn, n*i^ nSsn,

y$r\ for n^in rSy xnn.

for
pn n^tDp nyi^n, mtsp njrpn, Nap
nn for nan oinn, pn
trn for yw n.

^yn^n for ns
ptrn n&*
for

nin nt?n m^n for ny*pn nynn anas? ny^

nn for n^iin TfiSn nnn
 ANALYSIS

RiBBIMCAL DIALECT.

By this term we understand that form of the Hebrew

language which the principal Scripture-Com-

in

mentators among the Rabbies wrote, e. g. Kimchi,

Aben Ezra, Abarbanel, Alsheich, and Izchaki (vul-

garly called Jarchi), together with the Mishna, the

Jewish Prayer-books, &c.

This Dialect is substantially Hebrew, but with

some peculiarities, and a large collection of words de-
rived principally from the Chaldee and Greek, and

even from the Latin, French, Arabic, and the like.

Books in this Dialect are generally printed in a

round character, more resembling writing than the

ordinary square Hebrew letters, but the power, value

and pronunciation of the letters are precisely the

same as in Biblical Hebrew.

The in this Dialect, are:

principal peculiarities
 90

] . It includes (from tfp) among the serviles, thus,

p
he said,

who said.

It occasionally inserts X, 1, % instead of the vowel-

points:
T
N for ( ) or (~)
as ^tffc? for O^; Wfc for
*/tp.
T 1
I for (")
or ( )
as D713 for D73, liniS/, linS ?- : T :

II
for () or () as ^ITlJ for 5^13, IB^X for

1$K, also for ( )

:
or dagesh, as ni^ttv
for nl23*237> riD'-D for PlDa
It sometimes drops a radical at the beginning,

middle or end of a word:

It drops the first, in, BO, *O, p, 123,
for "iriX, t^JK, N3K, pX, 123K>
It drops the second, thus:

*fc, ntr, D-Sn, nin for

Dp,
w, DID, ny^, D^Snn, ninn-
i

It drops the third, thus:

'X, *3, *3, *D, ^S^, 5B^, in for

ii
PK, pn, n*a, pa nn&>, ptr, nin. i

extends some words by fl, 23, thus:

"

It

^niin, for
3,
p^n^i
pnnn, pniBa
It connects words by the figures crasis, thus:

I^SX, from ftX also, and l7tf if.

 91

, from 17N if, 23, and N7 not.

1
TV ?, from X7 not, and JVN there is.

JO'S, from |K3 JvS not here.

&O*N, from JTK there is, and JtO
here.

2. In nouns, it puts for D* mas. pi. the

1
Chaldee form

pthus: TlD'pl. p11D'.

It puts for HI fem. pi. the termination fiV* thus:

m pi. nvniK.
It forms some nouns in HI, r, and %
X like the

Chaldee, thus: 1*) pi. fiDI, p*i.

%
N1in* the Jews. K1XO the Egyptians.

It forms the genitive by ^& or "f, thus:

pDa priest,
|n^*T,
or
|rO
It forms the accusative by JY or
^*?,
of a priest.

thus:

a priest, H" or 1
the priest.
p^ [!"G [HD7
U
JV answering to Hebrew JIN, and ^ to X.
It forms the dative by putting ^ for 7, or 7tfj thus,

to the Scripture, for

Kip 7
or N.
NIpK K*lp7
It forms the ablative by putting Tl for , thus:

^fi*n OJ1DO Nn) for \3JS& from me.

IJD^n (USD NH) for UfiO from us.

3. In the Pronouns, it
subjoins tf:
N3K for IN father.

It puts Tl, H and after the pi. IJT, S

1 for 1 his, thus,

for fi*i he cast it.

 92

in his days, for

It puts
|
for ^ our, and D their, thus:

p to us, for 1j?.

their light, for D11K.
pltf
It rejects the of and also the or
| pa, pa, your, j

PI of their, thus:
pn, pH
toh to you, irk to them, for
p J?, pnV
It connects pronouns with their adjuncts by '%
13*hy upon you, for DD'Stf.
H % thus,
^ W, Tl
For the possessive pronouns it uses ">{?,

For the demonstrative pronouns

mine. iSt?, Tvbn, rTTT his.
it uses H^H this,

pi. pSn, iSSn, I^K, rsn,

^n, thus:-
S "ION nSn he said no.
these are defective.
P^DPI pSn
D^^U IvK these are the prophets.

j
v^Sn 177H these phylacteries.
lV " this
7Jb *^H these words, signifying is

only applicable."
It also uses ril5< or flK that, modifying the latter

with the prepositions used in supplying cases,

thus: 72yr\ IfilK that servant.
TDH 1WK hw of that saint,

y^l initfS to that wicked one.

For the relative isyfc<, gf, it puts % *j, thus:
 93

they who hated.

For the interrogatives it puts ', HE* *f], thus:

IJTTib *n which among or of them.
It forms some compounds by combining different

pronouns with in (NIP!), *H (K'Pl) in the sense

of the auxiliary, thus:

13^D *rh to which of you.

^HT, TIN this is.

inrtf, WK which is ?

IPlfc what is ?

urn in^n pi. inm im they.

of the
4. In Verbs, it drops in the praeterite the fl

1st. and 3d. pers. singular, and terminates

both in *, thus:

JON I made. ^n^i< he caused to drink.

NHOI the maid who was led

captive.
It terminates the 1st. plur. mas. and the 3d. plur.

fern, in thus:
j,

we have found,

were praised.

In the future, it puts 3 for , sometimes omitting

the prefix, thus:

he will teach,

they will traduce.

 94

In the Infinitive it adds *

and inserts )
before the
last radical, thus:

"inn? to destroy. "HIS^S to cleanse, atone.

It frequently supplies the Imperative and Conjunc-
tive by 7 and the future, thus:
<

7 ltD t|
7' to raise.

TDv N7l that he may not grow old.

In the Participle it
prefixes K for , thus:

NJ")7
<I
D X'vJtf the thing was manifested.
And forms the plural in 1, thus:

I/XD N7 not having prayed.

It adopts from the Chaldee a compound Tense,
formed from the participle and personal pro-

'noun, thus:
I am able. Wyi I am willing,
you say. n"QD you think.
It possesses a peculiar Conjugation in Nithpael,

which partakes of the nature of Niphal and

Hithpael, and has a passive signification, thus:

it was renewed,
he was tempted,
he was corrected.

ROBERT YOUNG, PUBLISHER, EDINBURGH.

 ROBERT YOUNG'S PUBLICATIONS,
EDINBURGH.

The History of Adam, as contained in the Book of Genesis, in

the original Hebrew, with the
corresponding Hebrew-Sam-
aritan, Chaldee-Samaritan, Chaldee, Syriacand Arabic Ver-
sions, printed on the interlinear system, with Comparative
Tables of all these Languages, 8vo.
The Book of the Precepts, or the Affirmative and Prohibitive
Precepts, compiled by llabbi Moses Maimonides out of the
Books of Moses, in the original Hebrew, with an English
translation, and a Life of the Author, 16mo.
Pirke Aboth, the Ethics of the Fathers, translated from the
original Hebrew, with an Introduction to the Babylonian
Talmud, I2mo.
[The original Hebrew Text, in preparation.]
Polyglot Reading-Book, containing the Chaldee Portions of
Daniel and Ezra, with the corresponding Hebrew, Syriar,
and Greek Versions, printed page for page so as to inter-
leave with each other, 16mo.
[Each of the above Languages may be had separate, or
interleaved as follows :]

Chaldee and Syriac Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.

Chaldee and Hebrew Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Syriac and Greek Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Syriac and Chaldee Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Hebrew and Chaldee Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Hebrew and Greek Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Greek and Hebrew Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Greek and Syriac Reading-Book, interleaved, 16mo.
Comparative Tables of the Semitic Languages containing tin-
Alphabets, Pronouns, Verbs, Nouns, &c. of the Hebrew,
Samaritan, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic Languages.
Testimony of the Sacred Scriptures concerning Messiah, in
Hebrew, 16mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, translated into Hebrew, 12mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, trans, into Samaritan, I2mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, translated into Greek, I2mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, translated into Latin, 12mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, translated into Dutch, I2mo.
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, translated into German, 12mo.
Arabic, Chaldee, Syriac, &c., in preparation.
 ROBERT YOUNG'S PUBLICATIONS,
Christology of the Targums ; or the Doctrine of Messiah, as
unfolded in the ancient Jewish Paraphrases or Translations
of the Sacred Scriptures into the Chaldee Language.
Part I. Chaldee and Hebrew Texts.
" II.
English Translation, with Notes.
Rabbinical Vocabulary adapted for the Mishna, the Perushim,
&c. 12mo.
IN PREPARATION.
The Song of Songs,which is Solomon's, with a Translation
of the Chaldee Targum, or Allegorical Paraphrase in the
Chaldee Language, 12mo.
Samaritan Vocabulary, adapted for the Pentateuch, 12mo.
Gospel of Matthew, a New Translation into Hebrew, 1 2mo.
Rabbinical Commentaries of Saadiah Gaon and Aben Ezra on
the Chaldee Portions of Daniel and Ezra, translated into
English.
First-Fruits of the Hexaglot Pentateuch, or an Attempt to
introduce the English Reader to the Ancient Versions of
the Sacred Scriptures, 8vo.
Syriac Vocabulary, adapted for the New Testament, I2mo.
Chaldee Vocabulary, adapted for the Targums, 12mo.
Hebrew Vocabulary, containing every Root in the Hebrew
Scriptures, 12mo.
Esop's Fables, translated into Hebrew, 12mo.
Life of Dr Capadose, translated into Hebrew, 1 2mo.
Christology of the Perushim, Hebrew and English, 12mo.
Christology of the Talmud, Heb. Chald. and Eng. 12mo.
Talmudim, Targumim wa Perushim, or a Historical and Bib-
liographical Introduction to these ancient Jewish Works,
with Specimens of the style in which they are written.
Treatise Berachoth, (from the Talmud,) in Hebrew, I2mo.
Treatise Peah, (from the Talmud,) in Hebrew, I2mo.
Treatise Demai, (from the Talmud,) in Hebrew, 12mo.
CATALOGUE OF CHEAP SECOND-HAND BOOKS, in about

Fifty Languages, sent post free on receipt of

six stamps.

Prophet Obadiah, in Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic,

interlinear, 12mo.
Book of Ruth, in Hebrew and Syriac, interlinear, I2mo.
EPHRAIM SYRUS, Selections from his Commentaries, Sermons,
Hymns, &c. in Syriac.
EDINBURGH : R. Young, 5 Head of the Mound.
 University of California
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
305 De Neve Drive -
Parking Lot 17 Box 951388
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90095-1388
Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed.

QL JAN 12 2004
A 000 1 1 8 493 6