Internationalization[I18N]

---------------------------
Designing Java applications w.r.t the local users is called as
Internationalization.

Java is able to provide very good Internationalization support due to UNICODE

representations in java.

UNICODE is one of the character representations following by JAVA, it able to

represent all the alphabet from all the natural languages.

In java applications, if we want to provide Internationalization services , first,

we have to represent a group of local users in java programs, to represent group of
local users, first we have to devide all the users in no of groups .

To devide users into no of groups , we have to use the following parameters:

1.Language:It will be represented in the form of two lower case letters

EX: en, hi, it,.......

2.Country: It will be represented in the hfrom of two upper case letters.

EX: US, IN, IT,......

3.System Varient[OS]: It will be represented in the form of three lower case

letters.
EX: win, lin, uni,......

To represent a group of Local users in java applications, JAVA has provided a

predefined class in the form of "java.util.Locale" .

To create Objects for java.util.Locale class we have to use the following

consrtructors.

public Locale(String lang)

public Locale(String lang, String country)
public Locale(String lang, String country, String Sys_Var)

EX: Locale l=new Locale("en");

Locale l=new Locale("en", "US");
Locale l=new Locale("it","IT","win");

Java is able to provide Internationalization support in the form of the following

three services.

1.Number Formations
2.Date Foamtions
3.Message Formations

1.Number Formations:
---------------------
From language to language, country to country number representations are varied.
Torepresent numbers w.r.t a particular Locale JAVA has provided a predefined class
in the from of "java.text.NumberFormat"

To represent number w.r.t a particular Locale by using NumberFormat class we have

to use the following steps.

1.Create Locale class object:

------------------------------
Locale l=new Locale("en", "US", "win");

2.Create NumberFormat class object:

-----------------------------------
To create NumberFormat class object we have to use the following static Factory
Method from java.text.NumberFormat class.

public static NumberFormat getInstance(Locale l)

EX: NumberFormat nf=NumberFormat.getInstance(l);

3.Format a particular Number w.r.t a particular Locale:

-------------------------------------------------------
To format a number w.r.t a particular Local we have to use the following method
from java.text.NumberFormat class.

public String format(xxx num)

Where xxx may be byte, short, int,.....
EX: String data=nf.format(123456.2345f);
Example:
-------
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
class I18NEx
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception
{
Locale l=new Locale("it","IT","win");
NumberFormat nf=NumberFormat.getInstance(l);
System.out.println(nf.format(1234567.3456));
}
}

Date Formations:
------------------
From language to language, country to country Date representations are varied. To
represent Dates w.r.t a particular Locale JAVA has provided a predefined class in
the from of "java.text.DateFormat"

To represent Date w.r.t a particular Locale by using DateFormat class we have to

use the following steps.

1.Create Locale class object:

-----------------------------
Locale l=new Locale("en", "US", "win");

2.Create DateFormat class object:

----------------------------------
To create DateFormat class object we have to use the following static factory
method from java.text.DateFormat class.

public static DateFormat getDateInstance(int date_Style, Locale l)

Where date_Style may be 0,1,2 and 3.
EX: DateFormat df=DateFormat.getDateinstance(0, l);

3.Format current System Date w.r.t a particular Locale:

--------------------------------------------------------
To format current System Date w.r.t a particular Locale we have to use the
following method from java.text.DateFormat class.
public String format(Date d)
EX: String date=df.format(new Date());

Example:
---------
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
class I18NEx
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception
{
Locale l=new Locale("it","IT","win");
DateFormat df=DateFormat.getDateInstance(3,l);
System.out.println(df.format(new Date()));
}
}

3.Message Formations:
----------------------
From language to language , from country to country, messages repersentations are
varied, if we want to represent message w.r.t a particular Locale then we have to
use java.util.ResourceBundle class provided by JAVA.

To represent messages w.r.t a particular Locale by using ResourceBundle class we

have to use the following steps.

1.Prepare properties files for each and every locale:

-----------------------------------------------------
In properties files we have to provide locale respective messages in the form of
Key-Value pairs, where keys must be in english but values must be in local
respective messages.

We have to provide properties files names in the following format.

File_name_<lang>_<country>_<sys_Var>.properties
EX1: abc_en_US.properties
--------------------------
welcome=Welcome to en US Users.

EX2: abc_it_IT.properties
-------------------------
welcome=Welcomeo Toe it IT Userse.

EX3: abc_hi_IN.properties
--------------------------
welcome=Aap ka swagath hai.

2.In Java program, Create Locale object:

-----------------------------------------
Locale l=new Locale("en", "US");

3.Prepare ResourceBundle class Object:

---------------------------------------
The main intention of ResourceBundle object is to store the content of a particular
properties file.

To create ResourceBundle Object we have to use the following method.

public static ResourceBundle getBundle(String base_Name, Locale l)

EX: ResourceBundle rb=ResourceBundle.getBundle("abc",l);

4.Get Message from ResourceBundle:

----------------------------------
To get Message from ResourceBundle object we have to use the following method.

public String getString(String key)

String message=rb.getString("welcome");

Example:
--------
abc_en_US.properties
--------------------------
welcome=Welcome to en US Users.

abc_it_IT.properties
-------------------------
welcome=Welcomeo Toe it IT Userse.

abc_hi_IN.properties
--------------------------
welcome=Aap ka swagath hai.

I18NEx.java
------------
import java.util.*;
class I18NEx
{
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception
{
Locale l=new Locale("hi","IN");
ResourceBundle rb=ResourceBundle.getBundle("abc",l);
System.out.println(rb.getString("welcome"));
}
}