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Valliammal
Department of Applied Mathematics
Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering
Agricultural research is the one which gave rise to the
development of theory and practice of experimental
design.
Plot No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Treatment A B C A C C A B A B
Yield 5 4 3 7 5 1 3 4 1 7
But this design is usually suited (i) only for small number of
treatments and (ii) for homogeneous experimental material.
• Two way classification
• In two way classification of analysis of variance, we consider one
classification along column wise and the other along row wise
• Procedure for testing means
• H0 : There is no significant difference between column means as
well as between row means
• H1: There is significant difference between column means and
between row means
• Step I : Find N
• Step II : Find T
• Step III : Find T2/N
• Step IV : Find TSS
• Step V : Find SSC
• Step VI : Find SSR (Row Sum of Squares )
• Then TSS = SSC + SSR + SSE
ANVOA TABLE
Between blocks
(Coloumns)
Between
varieties (Rows)
Residual
(i) The tabulated F for (3,6) d.f at 5% level of signficance is 4.76. since call F tab =
4.76. Since FC < F Tab, we accept the null hypothesis H0. That is there is no
significant difference between yields.
(ii) The tabulated F for (2,6) d.f at 5% level of signficance is 5.14. since call F tab =
5.14. Since FR < F Tab, we accept the null hypothesis H0. That is there is no significant
difference between varieties.
It may be necessary to control two sources of error or variability at
the same time as the difference in rows and the difference in
columns.
For example, errors in different rows and columns could be due to
change in soil fertility in different plots of the land.
In such a case, therefore, it is desirable that each treatment should
occur once in each row and once in each column as in the following
figure.
This arrangement is called a Latin Square.
Z X Y W
X Z W Y
I Y W Z X
W Y X Z
In this design there have to be as many replications as there are
treatments.
The experimental area is divided into plots arranged in a square in
such a manner that there are as many plots in each row as there are
in each column, this number being equal to the number of
treatments.
Then the plots are assigned to various treatments such that every
treatment occurs only once in each row and once in each column.
Rows
Columns
Treatment
Residual or
error
Analyses the following results of a Latin square experiments.
1 2 3 4
1 A (12) D (20) C (16) B (10)
2 D (18) A (14) B (11) C (14)
3 B (12) C (15) D (19) A (13)
4 C (16) B (11) A (15) D (20)
The letters A, B, C, D denote the treatments and the figures in brackets denote the
observations.
Rows
Columns
Treatments
Residual
Conclusion:
when dealing with industrial applications, we often come across several factors which
may affect the characteristics of our interest.
Now, we would like to estimate the effects of each of the factors and how the effect of
one factor varies over the level of the others.
A natural temptation to analyze this sort of situations is to test each of the factors
separately by keeping the other factors as constrains in a given experiment.
However such an experiment might not give the necessary required information.
The procedure of varying all factors simultaneously is termed as Factorial Experiment.
1.Find out the main effects and interactions in the following 22 - factorial
experiment and write down the analysis of Variance table :-
Block I 64 25 30 6
II 75 14 50 33
III 76 12 41 17
IV 75 33 25 10
Solution:- Taking deviation from y = 37..
Blocks
Treatment
combination I II III IV
total
X1 X2 X3 X4 X12 X 22 X 32 X 24
= 1883+2158+2562+2333-2.25
= 8933.75
Step 5 : SSC = X12 X 22 X32 X 24 2 T / N
N1
Step 6 : SSR = (Y )
1
2
(Y2 ) 2 (Y3 ) 2 (Y4 ) 2
T2
N2 N
• A = [a+ab-b-(1)]
= -64-82+2-142
= -286
• B = [ b + ab - a - (1) ]
= -2-82+64-142
= -162
• AB = ab + (1) - a - b
= -82 +142 + 64 + 2
=126
100.86/93.83
Blocks 3 281.5 93.83 F(9,3)=8.81 27.35
=1.075
2581.88/100.86
Treatments 3 7744.75 2581.58 F(3,9)=3.86 6.99
=25.60
5112.25/100.86
A 1 5112.25 5112.25 FA(1,9)=5.12 6.99
=50.69
1640.25/100.86
B 1 1640.25 1640.25 FB(1,9)=5.12 6.99
=16.26
992.25/100.86
AB 1 992.25 992.25 FAB(1,9)=5.12 6.99
=9.84
Thank you