Name: ____________________

Class: __________

1|Page
 Page
3 Key Words
4 A World Divided
7 How Do We Measure Development?
8 Development – More Than Mere Economics
Adult Literacy
9 How Does The Development Gap Grow?
10 The Cycle Of Hunger
11 Fairtrade
13 Aid – What Is It? Does It Work?
15 Can We Measure How Happy We Are?

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 Borrowed
Calories
Climate
Colonies
Development
Diseases
Doctors
Economic
Expectancy
Ghana
Infant
Life
Literacy
Poorer
Population
Richer
Sustainable
Wars

Use the words from the wordsearch to complete the sentences below:
1. MEDCs are _______________ then LEDCs
2. _______________ is an example of a LEDC, so it is _______________ than the UK
3. Some countries are poor because many years ago they were _______________ of
richer countries like the UK, Germany, Italy and France
4. Some countries are poor because they have a bad _______________. It might be too
hot, too cold, too wet or too dry
5. Some countries are poor because they have _______________ lots of money and
have to pay it back
6. _______________ cost a lot of money and so they can make a country poorer
7. How many _______________ people eat in a day, how many _______________
there are every 1000 people and what people’s life _______________ is, are all ways
of telling how __________ a country is
8. If you drink dirty water you could get _______________
9. _______________ means to do with money
10. The _______________ mortality in a country tells you how many children dies
before they get to five years old
11. Most people in poorer countries have a worse quality of _______________ then
people in richer countries
12. If a country want to develop it should make sure that it is going the best thing for the
people and the environment by developing in a _______________ way

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 There have been a number of ways experts have tried to divide up the work in ways of
wealth or abilities.
One of the earliest ways resulted in this map but was a method was devised by Western
Europe:

Europeans saw themselves

as the first world. The
wealthier regions which
they colonised, such as
North America and
Australia, were referred to
as second world. Poorer
countries were then
grouped together as the
third world.

Describe the distribution of the first, second and third world countries
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In 1981, a report was

published about global
development. It was
called the Brandt
Report and it showed
a divided world. A
wealthy ‘North’
controlled 80% of the
world’s wealth, and a
poor ‘South’ only 20%.
The map shows this
divide:

Describe the pattern made by the North/South divide - Can you see anything odd about the
shape of the line?
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 The development indicator used to create this map was GNP (Gross National Product) per
capita. In its simplest form, GNP measures the value of goods and services a country’s
populace produced within a year, regardless of their location.

Why do you think this indicator has decreased in popularity?

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Study the two maps on the previous page. Compare and contrast the patters on the two
maps and discuss below:
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The map below shows the real GDP per capita in countries around the world. GDP includes
all the goods and services produced in a country over a set period of time, usually quarterly
or annually. This number will initially indicate the counties economic wealth. Although
widely still accepted, many bodies have rejected the indicator and use alternate formulas to
measure economic wellbeing, due to its weighty flaws.

GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the GDP of a county by its total populace and so
theoretically the amount of money each individual has to live on in that particular country.
Thereby giving a better idea of living standards compared to GDP alone.

No Data No Data $5-10,000 £6,500-£3,000

$30,000+ £19,000 $3-5,000 £3,000-1,500
$20-30,000 £12,500–19,000 $1-3,000 £1,500-500
$10-20,000 £12,500-6,500 $0-1,000 £0-500

Use the data on the map to answer the following questions; you may need an atlas to help
you locate some of the countries:

The UK has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________

Ghana has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________
Brazil has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________
Japan has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________
Three countries where people live on less than £6,500 are: ____________, ____________
and ____________
Three countries where people love on £1,500-500 are: ____________, ____________ and
____________

6|Page
 What Do
You Need
To
Survival?

Add to the spider diagram five things you consider essential for your survival.
Rank these in their order of importance (1 being the most important)

Ask ten people in your class what they consider essential for their survival and add it to the
tally chart below (you may need to add a couple more rows different items):
Items First Second Third

Abraham Maslow first introduced

his concept of a hierarchy of
needs in 1943. His hierarchy
suggests people needs to fulfil
basic needs before moving on to
other, more advanced needs.

How do the needs of the class

compare with those of Maslow’s
ideas?
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 Read through the definitions below. Match them up with the keywords and colour code
then to show whether they are economic or social:

Primary Employment; Birth Rate; Infant Mortality; Life Expectancy; GDP; Death Rate; Energy Per
Person; Food Intake; GDP Per Capita; Literacy Rate; People Per Doctor

______________________ Economic ______________________

The total of all money The amount of energy which
produced per year by a each person in the country
Social
country’s workers uses per year

______________________
The wealth shared out equally
among all the people of a
country
______________________
The number of births per year
per 1000 people
______________________
The number of deaths per year
per 1000 people
______________________
The average number of years a
person can expect to live
______________________
The percentage of people in
the country employed in
primary occupations
______________________
The number of children per year
out of every 1000 born alive that
die before they reach the age of
one
______________________
Number of patients divided by
number of doctors
______________________
Number of adults who can
read and write in every 100
people
______________________
Number of kilocalories (kcals)
each person in the country
takes each day

This is the percentage of adults in a country who can read and write

The table below shows the adult literacy of five countries. In the last column write whether
you think the country is more (MEDC) or less (LEDC) developed:

Country Percentage Of Adult Literacy MEDC Or LEDC?

Egypt 51
Ghana 64
Peru 88
Australia 99
America 99

8|Page
 Use the information in the table to complete the graph:
___________________________________________________________________________

__________
__________
__________
__________

30%

20%

10%

0%
%

Physical and human factures can make the gap between richer and poorer countries wider:

Environmental Factors
These include natural hazards like
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes.
Poor countries tend to suffer most as they lack
the money to prepare for and recover from
them
Economic Factors
These include things like trade. Countries
tend to buy in goods and services they don’t
have enough of, or they can buy more cheaply
from elsewhere
Political Factors
In Zimbabwe, the government’s redistribution of
land from white farmers to the majority black
population aimed to close the development gap
there. It had the opposite effect, as the land was
given to supporters with little farming
experience. The crop production collapsed, the
economy failed and many Zimbabweans had to
rely on international food aid

9|Page
 Each of the statements below explain why some countries are less developed than others.
Draw a line from each statement to the factor which best describes it:

It is mostly stony desert

It has plenty of copper to export but the price of copper
has fallen sharply over the years
It was a British colony for more than fifty years ENVIRONMENTAL
It is really mountainous and hard to reach
A tribal war has been going on there for years
The people who colonised it built no factories
Millions of people are suffering from AIDS
There are few schools so people can’t learn the skills the
country needs POLITICAL
It suffers serious flooding almost every year
Bacteria and viruses that cause diseases love its warm
damp climate
In the past, several million of its healthy adults were sold
as slaves
A small group of people owns most of its wealth
ECONOMIC
Other countries refuse to trade with it, because of its
politics
It has to repay millions of dollars a year on loans

Eight million people go to bed hungry every night.

Imagine you are a young farmer in a poor country where the climate it hot and dry, and the
rain unreliable. You like to work hard. You have many ideas for improving your farm. But
you still go to bed hungry every night. How does it happen?

To see how, complete this vicious circle on the next page by writing the statements in the
correct boxes in the circle. One has been done for you:

◊ …and there is not even enough to feed your family…

◊ …which means you can’t sell any crops, as you’d planned.
◊ Soon you don’t have enough energy to work hard…
◊ Instead you store them away, eating very sparingly every day.
◊ …and since you didn’t sell crops, you have no money for tools or fertiliser either.
◊ So you just poke holes in the hard ground with a stick, and plant seeds for next year.
◊ So your crops grow weak and stunted…
◊ And once again the wet season arrives – but there is not enough rain.
◊ So every day you and your family feel a little hungrier.

10 | P a g e
The Fairtrade Foundation is committed to tackling poverty and injustice through trade. The
Foundation works with businesses, civil society organisations and individuals to help
producers achieve sustainable improvements for their members and communities. Principal
tools to reach the development goals are certification and product labelling through the
FAIRTRADE Mark.

Fairtrade is about better prices, improved working conditions, sustainability and fair terms
of trade for farmers and workers. By calling for companies to pay justifiable prices (which
must always be above market price), Fairtrade addresses the unfairness of conventional
trade, which traditionally favours against the poorest, weakest producers. It allows them to
have control over their own lives and to be able to improve their positions.

There are over 3,000 are Fairtrade certified and for sale in the UK. The UK market is
doubling in value every two years; in 2007 it reached a retail value of £493 million. The UK is
the world’s leading Fairtrade market with an estimated 20% of roast and ground coffee, and
20% of bananas sold being Fairtrade. Other products include:
Cocoa Fruit Vegetables Dried Fruit Honey Juices
Nuts Nut Oil Seeds Seed Oil Quinoa Rice
Spices Sugar Tea Wine
Beauty Cotton Cut Ornamental Sports
Products Flowers Plants Balls

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Draw a line linking the person to the correct speech bubble. Do you think they are a winner
or loser in this system?

Now I can get on with

growing coffee, without
worrying about my family
staving
Shopper Supermarket Manager

By buying coffee beans

directly we make sure the
growers get a fair price

We make a fair profit on the

coffee, so we’re happy to sell
it
Coffee Grower
I feel better about drinking
coffee that gives the growers
Fairtrade Worker a fair deal

Oxfam says poor countries should be given help so they can build factories. They could
make instant coffee in their own factories. They’d make more money this way, because you
can sell the instant coffee for a lot more than the beans themselves.

Complete the sentences in these boxes:

They can make their They can sell this for And they can use the
If poor countries own _______ more _______ extra money to
have their own _______________ ________________ ________________
instant coffee
_______________ _________________ ________________
factories
_______________ _________________ ________________

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 ‘Give A Man A Fish And He Will Feed His Family For A Day

Give A Man A Net And He Will Feed His Family For Life’

How can we help those less fortunate that ourselves?

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There are many different types of aid which can help others:

Aid
Official Aid Voluntary Aid
Official And Voluntary
Directly Indirectly Non-Governmental
Emergency Development
Conditional Multilateral

The basic aim of giving aid is to help poor countries develop their economies and to improve
services in order to raise their standards of living and quality of life. In reality, however, it is
far more complex and controversial.

13 | P a g e
 Overseas Aid:
Official Aid: Paid for by the taxpayers in donor countries and administrated by governments
Voluntary Aid: Money raised by independent organisations and private donors.

Conditional Aid:
This is when one country donates money or resources to another country but
with conditions attached – This will often work in the MEDCs favour. E.g. – The
recipient has to give building contracts to, or buy goods from the donor country.
Through this many recipients fall into further debt when attempting to make
repayments. Aid has been withheld from countries which donors regard as being
undemocratic or has a poor human rights record.

Multilateral Aid:
That which is given to several countries by international Organisations. E.g. –
The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund, The United Nations and
The E.U. Theoretically here should be no ties with this aid, but these
organisations have withheld aid from non-democratically elected
governments.

Emergency Aid:
This is an immediate or short-term disaster relief for natural disasters or
human induced disasters. This relief can be in forms of money, food,
medicines, etc.

Development Aid:
These are longer-term development programmes usually involving local
communities in education and skills for sustainable development. Gifts such as
these sold through charities such as Oxfam are great help and well received.

Non-Governmental Aid:
These try to direct money generated by charities at the poor, local
counties and the environment. Money is given, with no ties, to specific
projects in poor countries. Projects are usually small and sustainable
and use appropriate technology.

Does aid work? This is a question which is often asked particularly in the face of natural
disasters. While some argue against emergency aid, claiming its “too little, too late”, other
forms of aid are more controversial. Some consider no non-emergency aid should be given,
especially as it is usually given in political, industrial and commercial interests of the donor
country, without concern for the environment, and does little to improve the long-term
quality of life in the recipient country.

On the next are some of the pro and anti-aid arguments. Highlight which ones you think
support aid and which are against it:

14 | P a g e

Emergency aid in times of
disasters saves lives
Projects that develop clear
water and sanitation
provisions can lead to
improved health and living
standards
Aid can increase dependency
of LEDCs n donor countries.
Sometimes aid is not a gift,
but a loan, and poor
countries my struggle to
repay
Encouraging aid investments
in jobs and industrial
development can create jobs
and improve transport
infrastructure
Sometime projects don’t
benefit smaller farmers.
Projects are often large scale
and are often run by foreign
companies
Provision of medical training,
medicines and equipment
can improve health and
standard of living
Aid can put political or
economic pressure on the
receiving country
Aid for agriculture can help
increase food production
and so improve quality and
quantity of food
Aid helps to rebuild housing
and livelihoods after a
FOR AID disaster
Inappropriate projects my
lead to food and water
costing more. Projects may
put resources under the
control of foreign countries
Aid may not reach the
people who need it most.
Corruption may lead to
politicians using aid for their
own means and gains
Aid can support countries in
developing their natural
AGAINST AID resources and power to
improve economic income
Infrastructure project may
end up not favouring people
in greatest need. It may
benefit the employers and
not employees

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