CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Lift or elevator, is a transport device that is very common to us nowadays. We use it

every day to move goods or peoples vertically in a high building such as shopping
centre, working office, hotel and many more. It is a very useful device that moves
people to the desired floor in the shortest time.
The speech recognition system provides the communication mechanism
between the user and the microcontroller based lift control mechanism. This project
makes use of a DC motor for moving the lift/elevator based on the voice/speech
commands given by the user and recognition of voice commands is done using
Programming.
The arduino is capable of communicating with all input and output modules.
The voice recognition system which is the input module to the microcontroller takes the
voice instructions given by the user as input and moves the lift vertically according to
the command. The vertical movement of the lift is enhanced by the stepper motor. LCD
display is available for visual information of operations being performed. If there is any
failure of main power supply, the supply switches automatically to secondary source.
People with moving disabilities can control various devices by speech input. One of
smart house elements could be the control of a lift by voice commands.

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The aim of this project is to build and control a downscaled prototype of an elevator
with three floors. The position and speed of the elevator should automatically be
adjusted to sustain a nice and smooth ride for the hypothetical passengers. Also, the
target floors have to be sorted in a way to minimise the travelled distance of the elevator
car, which thereby reduces both the energy consumption and the waiting times for the
passengers. Furthermore, the elevator should be able to be operated with a speech
recognition unit, as well as standard buttons that could replace this unit when desired.

1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

The present report is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 introduces the concept of Voice Controlled Lift. Chapter 2 deals with the
literature review of project. Chapter 3 starts with the basic block diagram and its
explanations. Chapter 3 deals with the advantages and applications of the system.
Chapter 4 finally presents the conclusion and future scope of the work. The references
cited in this report are enlisted at the end.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

A lift is a characteristic electromechanical device controlled by electric drives. For

those who have difficulty to use keypads, speech recognition is the best alternative.
Speaker independent recognition would be used by us since it is more convenient,
because it would be necessary to train the recognition program for a new user. [1] An
elevator is a transport device used to move goods or people vertically. In British
English and other Commonwealth English, elevators are known more commonly as
lifts, although the word elevator is familiar from American movies and television
shows. [2]
Elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists. An elevator is essentially a
platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. A modern day
elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a platform within
an enclosed space called a shaft or more correctly a hoist way. In the past elevator drive
mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons. During the middle
ages, the elevator operated by animal and human power or by water-driven
mechanisms. The elevator as we know it today was first developed during the 1800s
and relied on steam or hydraulic plungers for lifting capability. In the latter application,
the cab was affixed to a hollow plunger that lowered into an underground cylinder.
Liquid, most commonly water, was injected into the cylinder to create pressure and
make the plunger elevate the cab, which would simply lower by gravity as the water
was removed. Valves governing the water flow were manipulated by passengers using
ropes running through the cab, a system later enhanced with the incorporation of lever
controls and pilot valves to regulate cab speed. The granddaddy of today's traction
elevators first appeared during the 19th century in the United Kingdom, a lift using a
rope running through a pulley and a counterweight tracking along the shaft wall. [2]
 Two major units can be identified as the ’brain’ of the overall system: the
elevator control unit (ECU) and the speech recognition unit (SRU). Speech recognition
is the ability of a machine or program to identify words and phrases in spoken language
and convert them to a machine-readable format. The speech recognition system
provides the communication mechanism between the user and the microcontroller. [2]
The first important step in speech analysis is to separate each word from the
ambient noise. The speech recognition unit is responsible for identifying the passenger
requests and delivering them to the elevator control unit. The elevator control unit then
properly places the requests in an array and sends commands to a stepper motor to
realise them. [3]
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Normal lifts having number keypads to enter the number. An elevator or lift is a type of
vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors of a building, vessel,
or other structure. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive
traction cables or counter weight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The speech recognition system is main part of this project. It provides the
communication mechanism between the user and the microcontroller based control
mechanism of elevator. This project makes use of a stepper motor for moving the
lift/elevator based on the voice/speech commands given by the user and voice
recognition chip is used for recognition of the voice commands which will be given by
the user. Arduino is programmed, with the help of embedded C programming. The
microcontroller is capable of communicating with all input and output modules of
elevator. The voice recognition system which is the input module to the microcontroller
takes the voice instructions given by the user as input and the controller judges whether
the instruction is to lift upwards or to the downwards. According to the user’s voice, the
switching mechanism controls the elevator.
 CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 Block Diagram of Voice Controlled Lift

Voice Recognition Module is used to convert the voice to data which is used for
switching motor. Voice input is taken by the help of microphone. Arduino UNO
controller is used to control the overall process i.e. to take the input voice data and give
appropriate output according to the given input. Motor drivers are used to supply the 12
V power to motor with respect to the output pulses from Arduino UNO.
Here stepper motors are used for lifting as it can lift with precise steps and
rotate in particular direction. So for going to different floors, stepper motors are
preferred. These motors rotate according to the input voice command. LCD display and
loudspeakers are used to show the current position of the lift. A backup source is added
to the power supply so when a power failure occurs in main source, it will automatically
switch to secondary source. This automatic switching sources help to provide a constant
power supply without an interrupt.

4.2 POWER SUPPLY

Fig 4.2 Power supply circuit

Power supply used is Application Specified Fixed Voltage Regulated Supply. The
power supply section receives 230 V from the mains. The 230 V is step down using a
step down transformer. Then the AC voltage is converted to DC using a rectifier circuit.
The bridge rectifier is considered the apt choice since it avoids the centre-tapped
transformer. The ripples from the rectifier output are removed by capacitive filtering.
LM 7805 is used to provide constant 5 V supply.

4.3 COMPONENTS

4.3.1 ARDUINO UNO

 Fig 4.3 Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO was chosen because the output voltage of its general-purpose-input-
outputs (GPIOs) is 5V, which makes it easier to connect to sensors, compared to for
example a Raspberry Pi, which has some GPIOs at 3.3V.

4.3.2 SENSOR

Fig 4.4 Proximity Sensor

On each floor is a proximity sensor attached to detect the presence of the approaching
passengers. The sensor that is used for the project is an proximity sensor. The sensor
works in the infrared-light range and has a sensing distance of 1 mm. Because of the
short sensing distance it is almost needed to touch the sensors to activate them. This
prevents that the wrong sensor is activated on the small prototype. It also makes sure
that only one pulse is sent to the arduino, instead of a flickering pulse activation that
could happen when a finger is moved back and forth over the sensor.
4.3.3 MICROPHONE

Fig 4.5 Microphone

The microphone used in the project is called AKIRO USB MICROPHONE and it is
suitable for the project because of several reasons. First of all the microphone has a
good sound quality with minimal background noise, which is important for the speech
recognition. Lastly, the microphone does not require any drivers to be installed before
use.

4.3.4 SPEAKER

Fig 4.6 Speaker

The speaker used in the project is a small speaker of 3 W (RMS). It has a built in
battery with a playtime of four hours and a range of 8 m. It has a wired connection with
a 3.5 mm jack.

4.3.5 MOTOR DRIVER

Fig 4.7 Motor Driver

The connection between the Arduino UNO microcontroller and the stepper motor is
done with a motor driver called Easy Driver version 2.4. The driver offers adjustable
current limiting, overcurrent protection and five different micro step resolutions. The
driver operates from 6-30 V and can deliver up to 2 A per coil, with additional cooling.
The driver has a built-in translator making it easy to operate. Simply by inputting one
pulse to the driver, the motor moves one step.

4.3.6 LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

 Fig 4.8 LCD

Alphanumeric displays are used in a wide range of applications, including palmtop

computers, word processors, photocopiers, point of sale terminals, medical instruments,
cellular phones, etc. the 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of
displaying 224 different characters and symbols. LCD module that will be used is
JHD162A. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. LCD is used in
this project to display current position of the lift. LCD consists of 16 pins of which 8
pins are data lines used to transmit the data. LCD works at a voltage of 5 V. LCD have
backlights.

4.3.7 VOICE MODULE

 Fig 4.9 Voice Recognition Module
The voice module used in the project is Geeetech Arduino Voice Recognition Module.
This module can store 15 pieces of voice instructions. This requires a voltage of 4.5-5.5
V and current less than 40 mA.
 CHAPTER 5
CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

5.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF VOICE CONTROLLED LIFT

Elevator has to be moved vertically by recognizing our voice commands. By giving

different commands lift can be moved from one floor to another automatically. If voice
command is received successfully by Elevator then the number is displayed in the lcd
display. Important factors in speech recognition:
1. Speaker – each voice is unique; hence creating techniques that can accurately and
reliably recognize anyone’s voice and any dialect of a given language is a major
challenge.
2. Co articulation – the spectral characteristics of a spoken word (or sounds within the
word) vary depending on what word (or sounds) surrounds it.
3. Speaking rate and style – people speak at different rates and with different
pronunciations of the same sounds, thereby making it difficult to get stable patterns for
sounds or words that can be used with all speakers and speaking rates and styles.
4. Environmental conditions – speech can be difficult to recognize in home
environments (background speech from radios or TV), when in a mall or in big
buildings background noise is high. Each of the above factors contributes some degree
of variability to the speech signal.

5.2 ADVANTAGES
 ● Voice operated system is mainly helpful for paralysed and physically challenged
person.
● Long life.
● It is helpful for short height people also.
● No complex wiring required for push buttons.
● Power failure problem is not affected.

5.3 APPLICATIONS
● The main areas of usage include shopping mall, hotels, and public buildings.
● The voice based commands can also be used to turn on/off the fan inside the lift.
● The proposed system could be used in the smart home projects.
● It can be used in special schools.
 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

The proposed system is very helpful for the paralysed and dwarf people. From detailed
survey of project, we learnt that sorting of the voice input is beneficial for power
consumption. Backup source will prevent the major problem faced by the present day
lifts i.e. power failure. The designed system has these new features if compared to other
voice-activated elevators. The system also gives solution to the problem that arises due
to key press failure. We hope to complete this project before the allotted time.
 REFERENCES

[1] P. Cernys, V. Kubilius, V. Maceraukas, K. Ratkevicius, Intelligent control of lift

model, IEEE International Data Acquition and advanced Computing Systems,2003
[2] Cheah Siew Hoon, Microcontroller based lift control system Kolej Universiti
Kejuruteraan & Teknologi Malaysia MAY,2006
[3] Oskar Edwertz, Johanna Fredriksson, Ana Ortega Lozano, Åsa Rogenfelt, Smartlift,
Voice-Activated Elevator, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 2015.
[4]Anu K G, Anupriya K S, Arathi Suresh, Voice operated intelligent lift with
emergency indicator, IJARTET, vol.4, March 2017.