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Civil & Mechanical Engg. Introduction |1

QUESTION BANK

1. Match List-I (Curves labelled A, B, C and D in 5. A fluid is said to be Newtonian fluid when the
figure) with List-II (Type of fluid) and select the shear stress is
correct answer using the codes given below the (a) directly proportional to the velocity gradient
lists:
(b) inversely proportional to the velocity gradient
List-I List-II
(c) independent of the velocity gradient
D 1. Ideal plastic
(d) none of the above
Shear stress

C 2. Ideal
6. A fluid is one which can be defined as a
B 3. Non-Newtonian substance that:
A 4. Rheopectic (a) has same shear stress at all points
o
Velocity gradient 5. Thixotropic (b) can deform indefinitely under the action of
Codes: A B C D the smallest shear force
(a) 2 3 1 5 (c) has the small shear stress in all directions
(b) 3 2 5 1 (d) is practically incompressible
(c) 4 2 5 1 7. The dimension of surface tension is:
(d) 2 3 5 1 (a) ML–1 (b) L2V–1
8 2
2. If bulk modulus of water is 2 × l0 kgf/cm (c) ML–1 T–1 (d) MT–2
(19.62 × 108 N/m2), then water hammer wave
8. A dimensionless combination of pressure drop
celerity through a rigid pipe line will be P, dynamic viscosity , velocity V and length L is
(a) 600 m/s VL
P
(b) 800 m/s (a) 2 (b)
V .L 
(c) 1200 m/s P P.L
(c) (d)
(d) 1400 m/s .VL .V
3. Surface tension is due to 9. Shear stress in the Newtonian fluid is proportional
to
(a) Cohesion and adhesion
(a) pressure
(b) cohesion only
(b) strain
(c) Adhesion only
(c) strain rate
(d) None of the above
(d) the inverse of the viscosity
4. Continuum approach in fluid mechanics is valid
10. A liquid of density  and dynamic viscosity 
when
flows steadily down an inclined plane in a thin
(a) The compressibility is very high sheet of constant thickness t. Neglecting air
(b) The viscosity is low friction the shear stress on the bottom surface
(c) The mean free path of the molecule is much due to the liquid flow is (where  is the angle,
smaller compared to the characteristic the plane makes with horizontal).
dimension (a)  g t sin  (b)  g t cos 
(d) M >> 1, where M is the Mach number (c)  g t (d)  g.
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2| Introduction Fluid Mechanics
11. With increase of temperature, viscosity of a fluid 17. Which one of the following is the bulk modulus
(a) Does not change K of a fluid? (Symbols have the usual meaning)
(b) Always increases dp dp
(a)  (b)
(c) Always decreases d d 

(d) Increases, if the fluid is a gas and decreases, d dp

(c)  dp (d) dp
if it is a liquid
12. The unit of dynamic viscosity of a fluid is 18. Which of the following forces act on a fluid at
N s rest?
(a) m2/s (b)
m2 1. Gravity force
2
Pa  s kg  s 2. Hydrostatic force
(b) 2 (d)
m m2
3. Surface tension
13. The unit of surface tension is:
(a) N/m2 (b) J/m 4. Viscous force

(c) J/m2 (d) W/m Select the correct answer using the codes given
below:
14. If ‘P’ is the gauge pressure within a spherical
droplet, then gauge pressure within a bubble of (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
the same fluid and of same size will be:
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
P P
(a) (b) 19. Surface tension is due to
4 2
(c) P (d) 2P (a) viscous forces
15. Kinematic viscosity of air at 20° C is given to be (b) cohesion
1.6 × 10–5 m2/s. Its kinematic viscosity at 70° C
(c) adhesion
will be varying approximately:
(d) the difference between adhesive and
(a) 2.2 × 10–5 m2/s (b) 1.6 × 10–5 m2/s
cohesive forces
(c) 1.2 × 10–5 m2/s (d) 3.2 × 10–5 m2/s
20. Newton’s law of viscosity depends upon the
16. Match List-I (Fluid properties) with List-II
(Related terms) and select the correct answer (a) stress and strain in a fluid
using the codes given below the lists: (b) shear stress, pressure and velocity
List-I List-II (c) shear stress and rate of strain
A. Capillarity 1. Cavitation
(d) viscosity and shear stress
B. Vapour pressure 2. Density of water
21. If the surface tension of water-air interface is
C. Viscosity 3. Shear forces 0.073 N/m, the gauge pressure inside a rain
D. Specific gravity 4. Surface tension drop of 1 mm diameter will be
Codes: A B C D (a) 0.146 N/m2
(a) 1 4 2 3 (b) 73 N/m2
(b) 1 4 3 2 (c) 146 N/m2
(c) 4 1 2 3 (d) 292 N/m2
(d) 4 1 3 2
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Civil & Mechanical Engg. Introduction |3
22. A fluid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 24. If the volume of a liquid decreases by 0.2 percent
0.011 32 m3 at a pressure of 70.30 kg(f)/cm2. What for an increase of pressure from 6.867 MN/ m2
should be the new pressure in order to make its to 15.696 MN/m2, what is the value of the bulk
volume 0.011 21 m3 ? Assume bulk modulus of modulus of the liquid ?
elasticity K of the liquid as 7034 kgf/cm2. (a) 4418 MPa (b) 441.8 MPa
kgf kgf (c) 4.418 MPa (d) 44180. MPa
(a) 140.2 2 (b) 138.61 2
cm cm
25. If a certain liquid has a viscosity of 0.048 poise
kgf kgf
(c) 150.1 2 (d) 161 2 and kinematic viscosity 3.50 x 10–2 stokes, what
cm cm
is its specific gravity?
23. A cylinder 0.1 m diameter rotates in an annular
sleeve 0.102 m internal diameter at 100 r.p.m. The (a) 1.23142 (b) 1.001
cylinder is 0.2 m long. If the dynamic viscosity of (c) 1.37142 (d) 1.17353
the lubricant between the two cylinders is 1.0 poise,
find the torque needed to drive the cylinder against

viscous resistance. Assume that Newton’s Law
of viscosity is applicable and the velocity profile
is linear.
(a) 0.1645 N.m (b) 0.1645 kN.m
(c) 0.213 N.m (d) 0.213 kN.m

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4| Introduction Fluid Mechanics

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

1. Ans. (a) 8. Ans. (d)
Horizontal line representing zero shear stress m
for any velocity gradient is the condition for ideal P  N/m 2  kg. / m 2 = M1.L1.T 2
2
sec
fluid.
The curve B represents dilatant fluid. V = m / s  L1T 1
n

 
   du n  1
dy N S
L = M = L1

 =  kg / m  s = M1.L1T 1
n
m2
 
du
For pseudoplastic fluid,    dy n  1
 =
N S
 kg / m  s = m1.L1T 1
n m2
For thixotropic fluid,       dy  n  1
du
0 Check:
P M1L1T 2
n
 M1L4
For rheopectic fluid,       dy  n  1
du (a) 2
 2 2 1
0 V L L T .L
V.L L1T 1L1
For plastic fluid,       dy  i.e., n  1
du  1 1 1  M 1L4
0 (b)
 ML T
2. Ans. (d)
P M1L1T 2
8 (c)  1 1 1 1 1 1  L2
k 19.62 x 10 .V.L. M L T .L T L
C   1400 m/s
 1000
P.L M1L1T 2 .L1
K = bulk modulus of elasticity (d)  1 1 1 1 1  M 0 L0 T 0
 = mass density of water  .V M L T .L T
3. Ans. (b) 9. Ans. (c)
Surface tension is due to cohesive force only.
du d
4. Ans. (c)  
dy dt
Continuum approach means properties uniform
through out the medium. This condition is valid where,  is angular strain
only when mean free path () is much lower as
du
compare to characteristic length (LC). –1
dy has it's unit is s i.e., rate of strain.
5. Ans. (a)
For newtonian fluid 10. Ans. (a)

 du  d Self weight acts vertically down word

dy dt
W =  g   volume 
6. Ans. (b)
Fluid is substance which deform continuously un- = g  A   t 
der the action of small shear or tangential force.
Resolving along the inclined plane,
7. Ans. (d)
Surface tension =
F g  A   t  sin 

down word force = A up word along the in-
kg  m / s2
 
 N 
m m
 [M1L0T 2 ] clined plane.

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16. Ans. (d)
F=.A Viscosity : It is a measure of resistance of a
t
W fluid which is being deformed by either shear
stress or tensile stress.

Specific gravity : It is the ratio of density of
g At sin  = .A fluid to the density of standard fluid.
Capillarity : It is the ability of liquid to flow
 shear stress,   gt sin 
against gravity combination of surface tension
11. Ans. (d) and adhesion act to lift the liquid.
Viscosity is due to cohesion in liquids. As a tem- 17. Ans. (a)
perature increases cohesion of liquids decrease. dp
Bulk modulus K = 
Hence as T     of liquids decrease. In case of d / 
m
gases, viscosity depends on molecular momen- and  = 
tum exchange. As temperature, increases, mo-
lecular activity of gases increase and hence d
resistance to flow increase. Hence as tempera-  d = 
2
ture increases viscosity of gases increases.
dp
12. Ans. (b) K= 
d / 2
   du 1/ 
dy
N  m/s dp
K=
m2 m d
18. Ans. (b)

  N 2 s
m  A fluid at rest there can be no shear force (i.e.
13. Ans. (c) viscous force). The only forces acting on the
free body are the normal pressure forces, exerted
F N m by the surrounding fluid on the plane surface
Surface tension = × = J/m2
 m m
and the weight of the element.
14. Ans. (d) 19. Ans. (b)
Surface tension is due to cohesion between liquid
P  4 in case of drop.
D particles at the surface, where as capillarity is
P  8 in case of bubble due to both cohesion and adhesion.
D
The property of cohesion enables a liquid to
and hence (P)bubble = 2 (P)drop
resist tensile stress, while adhesion enables it to
15. Ans. (a) stick to another body.
For Air 20. Ans. (c)
  T &  1/ T Newton’s law of viscosity
 du
v= 
 dy Where  = shear stress
T
v du
1/ T
v  T3/2 dy = Rate of strain

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6| Introduction Fluid Mechanics
21. Ans. (d)
Pressure intensity inside a droplet 100 rpm

4 4  0.073
P   3
N / m 2  292 N / m2
d 10
0.2 m
22. Ans. (b) 0.1 m

0.102 m
kgf
P1  70.30
cm 2

cylinder

P1 = 70.30
if fluid is Rotating then
kgf
cm 2
1 = 0.01132 m   du 
dy

   du
dy

and if velocity profile is linear (narrow gap)

1  0.01132m3  u  u1  R 1
   2  R R
2  0.01121m 3 y
 2  y1 2 1

  2  1  0.01121m3  0.01132m3
 1.1 104 m3   2N (angular velocity)
60

dp 2N  R1
k (Bulk mod ulus)  (shear stress)
d |  60(R2  R1 )

F  A    2R1L(shear force)
kgf
P2  70.30 2 hence torque is given by.
kgf cm
7034 2 
cm 1.1  104 m3 T  F  R 1    2 R 12 L
0.01132m3
T  0.1645 N  m
kgf 24. Ans. (a)
P2  138.61  135MPa
cm2
V  0.002
23. Ans. (a) V

  1poise P1  6.867  106 N2

m
 0.1 N 2s
m
P2  15.696 106 N2
m
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Civil & Mechanical Engg. Introduction |7
hence bulk modulus is  = 3.50 × 10–2 stroke
= 3.50 × 10–6 m 2/sec
K
dp

 
15.696  106  6.86  106 N
we know that
d |  0.002 m2


 4.418 10 N2
9 
m
 4418 MN / m 2 0.048 101 N 2 s
  m
  6 2

  3.50 10 m / sec
25. Ans. (c)
Given that   1.31742 kg / m3

 (dynamiccis cosity)  0.048 101 N 2 s S=


m 1000
S = 1.31742



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