What Materials Are Used For Road Construction Quora

3/18/2019 What materials are used for road construction?
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14 Answers construction?
What materials are used to construct arch

Asafa Khan (‫)اﺳﺎﻓﺎ ﺧﺎن‬, Civil Engineer bridges? How are they used?
Updated 12d ago · Author has 336 answers and 2.6m answer views
What are common materials used for building
construction in America?
Road consist of basically 4 layers:
What are the composite materials used in building
constructions?
What are opaque materials used for in

construction?
Can we lay roads by using plastic material?
In other languages
1. Sub-grade:
En français : Quels sont les matériels de
The sub-grade material should be clean and free from organic matter and should be construction ?
able to be compacted by roller, to form stable sub-base. The material should have the
following characteristics:
Well graded, uniformity coefficient (D60/D10) should not be less than 3.
Fraction passing sieve #200 shall not be greater than 2/3rd of the fraction
passing sieve #40.
Should have a L.L not greater than 25%.
P.I not greater than 6
CBR should not be less than 25.
In coarse grain, aggregate retained by #10 sieve, %age of wear shall not be
greater than 5%.
The maximum dia of any particle shall not be greater than 2/3rd of the layer
thickness of sub-base
Typical particle size distribution for the sub-base (granular) which will the meet
strength requirements are:
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2.Sub-base Course:
It is layer of granular material provided above sub-grade generally natural

gravel. It is usually not provided on sub-grade of good quality.
The materials used may be either unbound granular, or cement-bound. The quality of
sub-base is very important for the useful life of the road and can outlive the life of the
surface, which can be scrapped off and after checking that the sub-base is still in good
condition, a new layer can be applied. (Unbound granular materials are usually
crushed stone , crushed slag or concrete , or slate .)
3. Base Course:
It is the layer immediately under the wearing surface (Applied whether the
wearing surface is bituminous or cement concrete and whether its a thick or
thin bituminous layer).
As base course lies close under the pavement surface it is subjected to severe
loading. The material in a base course must be of extremely high quality and
its construction must be done carefully. The LA Abrasion test can
determine the quality of the aggregate for this purpose.
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construction?

construction?
Types of Base Course What material are not suitable for road
construction?
1. Granular Base Course:
It is a mixture of soil particles ranging in size from coarse to fine. Processing involves bridges? How are they used?
crushing oversized particles and screening where it is necessary to secure the desired What are common materials used for building
grading. The requirements of a satisfactory soil aggregate surface are; construction in America?
Stability What are the composite materials used in building

constructions?
Resistance to abrasion
Resistance to penetration of water construction?
Capillary properties to replace moisture lost by surface evaporation upon the Can we lay roads by using plastic material?
addition of wearing course requirement change.
2. Macadam Base:
Successive layers of crushed rock mechanically locked by rolling and bonded by stone
screening (rock duct, stone chips etc).
3. In-water bound Macadam:
The crushed stones are laid, shaped and compacted and then finer materials are
added and washed into surface to provide a dense material.
4. Treated Bases:
Compose of mineral aggregate and additive to make them strong or more resistant to
moisture. Among the treating agents is bitumen.
4. Surface Course:
The top layers of pavement which is in direct contact with the wheel of the vehicle.
Usually constructed of material in which bitumen is used as binder materials.
a. Bituminous Pavement: (Flexible Pavement)
Consists of combination of mineral aggregate with bituminous binder ranging from

inexpensive surface treatment ¼ in or less thick to asphaltic concrete. For good
service throughout the full life, bituminous pavement must retain the following
qualities:
Freedom from cracking or raveling.
Resistance to weather including the effect of surface water heat and cold.
Resistance to internal moisture, particularly to water vapors.
Tight impermeable surface or porous surface (if either is needed for

contained stability of underlying base or subgrade).
Smooth riding and non skidding surface.
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construction?

construction?


b. Concrete Pavement (Rigid pavement):
Rigid pavement is the technical term for any road surface made of concrete. constructions?
Concrete roads are called rigid while asphalt-covered roads are flexible. These terms
refer to the amount of deformation created in the road surface itself when in use and What are opaque materials used for in
construction?
over time.)
There are four types of concrete pavement:
Plain pavements with dowels that use dowels to provide load transfer and
prevent faulting,
Plain pavements without dowels, in which aggregate interlock transfers loads

across joints and prevents faulting,
Conventionally reinforced pavements that contain steel reinforcement and

use dowels in contraction joints, and
Continuously reinforced pavements that have no contraction joints and are

reinforced with continuous longitudinal steel.
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construction?

construction?
138.2k Views · View 123 Upvoters · View Sharers · Answer requested by Prakash Reddy What materials are used to construct arch

Related Questions More Answers Below
Which materials are used in a flexible road? What are the composite materials used in building
constructions?
What materials are unsuitable for road construction?
What are the finishing materials for road construction?
construction?
What material are not suitable for road construction?
Nipul Dodia
Answered Nov 18, 2016
Below are the materials used for the road construction
Asphalt
Concrete
Composite
Recycling
Bituminous Solutions
Solid India Ltd is proud to be a recognized industry leader in the road building
materials and construction industry, and carries the torch of this proud engineering
tradition forward in modern times.
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Umesh Singh, Reader, factophobian at Quora

Answered Jan 25, 2017 · Author has 76 answers and 136.9k answer views
The materials required to construct a road depends upon the type of road (highway,
State highway, MDR, Village roads etc.), climate in which it need to stand, loads
coming on it, part of country in which it is to be constructed, availability of materials
locally, economy of road etc. There are some other minor things are also there.
Road is constructed in following parts: For National highways, state highways as per
IRC and MORTH India
1st is embankment in which soil of good quality is used depending upon the
availability of the soil, silver sand can also be used which needs to be confined by the
soil.
2nd is Sub grade: Sub grade generally consists of good quality soil which has more Related Questions
bearing capacity than the embankment and also its rich in some other laboratory test
values. Thickness of this layer is generally kept 500mm as per design.
3rd is Sub base: It is generally drainage layer and consists of granular materials. This construction?
granular material is obtained from stone crushing plants. It is also called GSB.
Thickness of this layer is generally kept 200mm as per design. What are the finishing materials for road
construction?
4th is Base layer: It is done with WMM (wet mix macadam). It contains stone
aggregates of size 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, stone dust etc mixed well in standard
proportion. It consists of clean, crushed, graded aggregates premixed with other What material are not suitable for road
construction?
granular materials and water and rolled to a dense mass on a prepared surface. The
thickness is generally kept 250mm. What materials are used to construct arch
5th is Wearing course: It consists of DBM (dense bituminous macadam) & Bituminous
concrete (BC). The thickness of these layers depends upon the type of road whether it What are common materials used for building
is National highway, State highway.
Apart from all above materials, bitumen emulsion is also required as per IRC-16. constructions?
Hope this helps What are opaque materials used for in

construction?
41.9k Views · View 22 Upvoters · Answer requested by Ashu Yadav
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Radhika Vyas, Marketing Manager at eConstructionMart.com (2010-present)

Answered Oct 22, 2018 · Author has 114 answers and 66.7k answer views
The natural earth track cannot withstand modern heavy traffic loads very
satisfactorily because it lacks in strength and good riding surface. It is therefore,
important to construct some structure in the form of pavements on the top of natural
surface to enable it to support wheel load safety and to provide a good riding surface
for a longer period.
So properly constructed and maintained roads reduce the wear and tear of vehicles
and also increase the speed of transportation. Therefore the construction of roads
should be done properly according to the specification.
1. Construction of Earth Roads
First of all sub-grade is prepared all the road surface is brought to the
required camber and gradient.
Then the surface is rolled properly and well wetted with water.
Then a layer of about 10 cm thickness of graded soil is spread evenly.
This layer of soil is rolled at optimum moisture content first with suitable
roller and then finished with light roller.
If a second layer is required to be laid, it should be laid in the same way as the
first layer and rolled properly.
Finally finished surface is watered for about 5 days for curing and no traffic is
allowed in these days.
2. Construction of Gravel Roads
Following steps are followed in the construction of gravel roads:
First of all the sub-grade is prepared and the road surface is brought to the
required camber and gradient. This prepared surface is then properly
compacted.
After compaction of the sub-grade, the mixture of gravel and clay is spread Related Questions
with more thickness at the center and less thickness towards the edges so
that a required camber is provided. Clay in the mix acts as binder for gravel Which materials are used in a flexible road?
and sand. What materials are unsuitable for road
construction?
The gravel mix so spread is then compacted to the required camber. The size
of gravel ranges between 6 mm to 35 mm. This surface is rolled with light What are the finishing materials for road
roller till the required compaction is achieved. construction?
This compacted surface is then watered for 4 to 5 days for curing. During this Which materials are used in a rigid road?
period of curing traffic is not allowed to pass through the surface.
After curing the road is opened to traffic but the water is sprinkled on the construction?
surface for further 10 to 15 days. What materials are used to construct arch
Proper maintenance of the road surface should be done to keep it in working
conditions for the traffic. What are common materials used for building
3. Construction of Water Bound Macadam Roads
The construction of water bound macadam roads we require course aggregates, constructions?
screening and binding materials if necessary. Screening is used for filling voids in the What are opaque materials used for in
aggregates. It is the residue of the same coarse aggregates. All these materials are construction?
stacked along the road side before its construction starts. The quantity of screening
required per 100 sq.m of road surface is 30 cubic meter.
The construction of water bound macadam roads is done in the following stages:
Preparation of Sub-grade
After completing the earth work in embankment and cutting, the formation level is
prepared. The Sub-grade is generally in the form of a trench having a thickness equal
to the thickness of finished pavement. The sub-grade is prepared according to the
camber and the grade of the road. It is then thoroughly compacted with road roller of
weight not less than 8 tonnes. Before rolling, water is sprinkled on the sub-grade. Any
low pot, if developed during rolling should be rectified and the surface brought to the
required grade. If the soil is clayey, a layer of granular material like natural sand,
moorum, gravel,literate or kankar should be spread with 10 to 15 cm thickness.
Earthen Krebs along the road edge of 15 cm depth are also constructed to hold the
road materials in proper position.
Preparation of the Base Course of Foundation
The consists of 12 to 18 cm size boulder of broken pieces of stones, over burnt bricks,
or brick soling. Care should be taken to keep minimum possible voids in hand
packing of boulders. Voids are filled with small pieces of stones. The width of this
course is kept 60 cm wider than the pavement width of road. The surface is then
compacted with 10 tonne roller as the base course is laid with boulders.
4. Construction of Bituminous Roads
Following types of bituminous roads are generally constructed:
Surface painting road
Surface painting or surface dressing bituminous roads are used where traffic is small.
For the construction of these roads, first water bound macadam road is constructed as
described early. The surface is cleaned with wire brushes and brooms to make grooves
in the joints of the surface. Then a layer of hot charcoal or asphalt is sprinkled over
the surface. Over this layer, a layer of stone chippings is laid and rolled properly. This
sets the aggregate into the binder. The thickness of this layer is between 2 to 3 cm.
This surface dressing provides a thin, water proof and dustless surface of the road.
About 2 kg of binder per sq.m. area of road surface is used and 1.8 to 2 cm of stone
chipping are required per 100 sq.m. of the surface.
In case of heavy traffic two layers or dressing are provided to the road surface. In Related Questions
second coat 1.5 kg of bitumen or tar is provided per sq meter of road surface.
Bituminous Macadam road
construction?
This type of road construction, the aggregates are spread in the prepared base. It is
then rolled with roller and then the bituminous binder is sprayed on the surface What are the finishing materials for road
which is penetrates to full or part depth of the compacted aggregate and thus binds construction?
them together.
Bituminous Concrete roads What material are not suitable for road
construction?
These types of roads are used for heavy and mixed traffic. The base of this road is also
water bound macadam. First of all the surface of water bound macadam is cleaned What materials are used to construct arch
with wire brushes. Side Krebs of soil are formed to support the bituminous surfacing.
The road metal of size of 6.3 mm is heated to a temperature of 180°. Then coarse sand construction in America?
of 1.3 mm size is also mixed in the road metal in the ratio of 1:2. Then bitumen or tar is
heated at the same temperature as road metal mixed with road metal in a mixing What are the composite materials used in building
constructions?
plant. This hot mixture is spread on the cleaned surface of water bound macadam
evenly and properly between the Kerbs in a thickness of 5 to 10 cm. This surface is What are opaque materials used for in
then rolled with roller to proper camber and grade. Over this a sealing coat of coarse construction?
sand and bitumen is applied on this surface and surface is again rolled. This type of Can we lay roads by using plastic material?
road surface provides a smooth surface and pleasant looking finish.
Sheet Asphalt road
Sheet asphalt provides a better type of surface. This type of road surface is applied to
water bound macadam base or concrete base. It consists of 60 mm thick layer of
asphaltic concrete over which 20 to 40 mm thick carpet of sand-bitumen-mix is laid.
5. Construction of Cement Concrete Roads
The cement concrete roads pavements may be constructed with or without sub-base.
The concrete road slab perform the function of base course as well as wearing surface.
The thickness of road slab varies between 15 to 20 cm depending upon the traffic load.
For much heavy traffic loads reinforcement may be provided in the concrete road
slab.
Before laying the concrete slab, the sub-grade is prepared as usual. Then the cement
concrete mix is laid in alternate panels, which are marked before laying the concrete.
The panels may be kept 2.5 m to 3.5 m square. The completed surface of concrete slab
is cured for 10 to 15 days before it is opened to traffic.
5k Views · View 1 Upvoter · View Sharers
Sofia Aslam
Answered May 11, 2018
Consist of different layers:
Embankment
Sub-grade is the natural surface of roads (which make 60cm depth sub-
grade from water level an road section)
Sub Base is not the important part of the road (which depth is 7.5cm to 15cm)
Base is the important part of road (which is 15cm)
Surfacing is the top part of the road (depend on surface material)
Wearing Course
Different type of materials are used depending on the layer equipment.
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Soil
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Tiles etc
Pavement Subjected to virus condition
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impact loads
imposed load etc
6.2k Views · View 5 Upvoters · View Sharers
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Materials Related Questions

What materials are unsuitable for road

What material are not suitable for road

What materials are used to construct arch

What are opaque materials used for in

Can we lay roads by using plastic material?

Well graded, uniformity coeﬃcient (D60/D10) should not be less than 3.

Should have a L.L not greater than 25%.

P.I not greater than 6

CBR should not be less than 25.

Search for questions, people, and topics Sign In

Which materials are used in a flexible road?

What materials are unsuitable for road

What are the finishing materials for road

Which materials are used in a rigid road?

What material are not suitable for road

What materials are used to construct arch

What are common materials used for building

What are the composite materials used in building

What are opaque materials used for in

Can we lay roads by using plastic material?

It is layer of granular material provided above sub-grade generally natural

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Which materials are used in a flexible road?

What materials are unsuitable for road

What are the finishing materials for road

Which materials are used in a rigid road?

Stability What are the composite materials used in building

3. In-water bound Macadam:

a. Bituminous Pavement: (Flexible Pavement)

Consists of combination of mineral aggregate with bituminous binder ranging from

Freedom from cracking or raveling.

Resistance to internal moisture, particularly to water vapors.

Tight impermeable surface or porous surface (if either is needed for

Smooth riding and non skidding surface.

Search for questions, people, and topics Sign In

Which materials are used in a flexible road?

What materials are unsuitable for road

What are the finishing materials for road

Which materials are used in a rigid road?

What material are not suitable for road

What materials are used to construct arch

What are common materials used for building

Plain pavements without dowels, in which aggregate interlock transfers loads

Conventionally reinforced pavements that contain steel reinforcement and

Continuously reinforced pavements that have no contraction joints and are

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Which materials are used in a flexible road?

What materials are unsuitable for road

What are the finishing materials for road

Which materials are used in a rigid road?

What material are not suitable for road

What are common materials used for building

Below are the materials used for the road construction

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Umesh Singh, Reader, factophobian at Quora

Hope this helps What are opaque materials used for in

Is this answer still relevant and up to date? Yes No

Radhika Vyas, Marketing Manager at eConstructionMart.com (2010-present)