Economic Globalization pertains to the increasing
interdependence of world economies due to cross-
border trade, international capital flow, and
technological innovations.
Economic globalization makes the developed countries
to gain more at the expense of other nations. World
economies resulted to adopt either protectionism or
trade liberalization
History
 THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION all the way to
MESOPOTAMIA
 Early as 4000 BC
 Mesopotamia - TOKEN SYSTEM as COMMODITY
MONEY
Economic Globalization
 Communication:
Modern communication technology and mass media are
global standard.
It’s relatively easy and inexpensive to stay in touch.
 Transportation:
Travel and shipping are cheap and safe
 Trade
Multi-national Corporation have global reach and
increasing power
E.g.. Mcdonald corp., intel corp. Etc.
Governments have decreases tariffs and regulation on
int’l trade
Protectionism
Protecting one’s economy from foreign competition by
creating trade barriers.
Domestic products > Imported goods
 TARIFF- tax levied by a government on imports
and exports.
 The money collected from tariffs is called a
customs duty.
 IMPORT QUOTA- limits on the number of
products that can be imported into a country.
 BANS- forbid products on import goods.
Trade Liberation
Also called “FREE TRADE”
Act of reducing trade barriers to make international trade
easier between countries.
 TARIFF
 ×IMPORT QUOTA
 ×BANS
FREE TRADE-trading of goods and services between two
or more countries without tariffs or taxes.
e.g. connection between Canada and South Korea
(March 11, 2014)
TRADE BLOC- agreement between governments to
reduce or eliminate trade barriers.
e.g. NAFTA( NORTH AMERICA FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT) consist of CANADA, MEXICO and USA
OUTSOURCING- subcontract work: to buy labour or parts
from a source outside a company or business
rather than using the company's staff or plant (factory).
Institutions of Globalization
 World Bank
Also called Int’l Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)
Increases in economic growth and decreases poverty in
developing countries.
 International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Provides short term loans to countries when an
emergency occurs.
 World Trade Organization (WTO)
Formerly known as General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
Deals with the rules of trade between nations, settles
trades disputes and conduct straight negotiations.
Sustainability
The degree to which the Earth can provide resource for
Human needs.
Sustainable Development
Specifically developing the world in a way where the
needs of a present day generations are met while
preserving resources for future generations.

Demographic Transition
The demographic transition theory is a generalized
description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility
and growth rates as societies move from one
demographic regime to another.
Demography
the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or
the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing
structure of human populations.
 Fertility-Birth
 Mortality- Death
 Mobility- Movement and Migration
group for the purpose of participating or
engaging in online interactional transactions
POEA is responsible for the overseas
employment program of Filipino workers, as well
as the monitoring and supervision of recruitment
agencies in the Philippines.
OWWA, on the other hand, focuses on the
welfare of the OFW members and their families.
NLRC deals with payment of money claim
CFO- is a Philippine agency that is tasked to
promote migrant welfare and interest.
DFA- deals with consular and diplomatic
matters.

Dependency Ratio
The dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those
typically not in the labor force and those typically in the
labor force. It is used to measure the pressure on the
productive population.

Migration-is a way to move from one place to another in

order to live and work.

Push-Pull Factors
The terms "push" and "pull" factors are used to describe
why people migrate from one area to another. The
opportunity of employment is a major pull factor in
migration.

 Push factors are those associated with the area

of origin.
 Pull factors are those that are associated with
the area of destination.
Social Cost of Migration- deteriorization of families and
communities.
Brain Drain or Human Capital Flight- emigration or
immigration of individuals who have received advanced
training at home.

Migrants
 Tourists -travel because they want to.
 Vagabonds – because they have no other choice.
(e.g. OFW, Assylum seekers, Refuggees)
 Diaspora- is a scattered population whose origin
lies in a separate geographic locale.
 Virtual Diaspora- mean the use of cyberspace by
immigrants or descendants of an immigrant