Construction of barrage cum bridge and

The only difference between a weir and a barrage is of a gate; that is the flow in barrage is regulated by
gates and that in weirs, by its crest height. Barrages are costlier than weirs.

Weirs and barrage are constructed mostly in plain areas. The heading up of water is affected by
gates put across the river. The crest level in the barrage (top of solid obstruction) is kept at low level.

During flood, gates are raised to clear off the high flood level. As a result there is less silting and
provide better regulation and control than the weir.
Main barrage portion:

Main body of the barrage, normal RCC slab which supports the steel gate. In the X section it consists of:

Upstream concrete floor, to lengthen the path of seepage and to project the middle portion where the
pier, gates and bridge are located.

A crest at the required height above the floor on which the gates rest in their closed position.

Upstream glacis of suitable slope and shape. This joins the crest to the downstream floor level. The
hydraulic jump forms on the glacis since it is more stable than on the horizontal floor, this reduces the
length of concrete work on downstream side.

Downstream floor is built of concrete and is constructed so as to contain the hydraulic jump. Thus it
takes care of turbulence which would otherwise cause erosion. It is also provided with friction blocks of
suitable shape and at a distance determined through the hydraulic model experiment in order to
increase friction and destroy the residual kinetic energy.

Divide wall

A wall constructed at right angle to the axis of the weir separating the weir proper form the under
sluices (to keep heavy turbulence at the nose of the wall, well away from upstream protection of the
sluices).

It extends upstream beyond the beginning of canal HR. Downstream it extends up to the end of loose
protection of under sluices launching apron)

This is to cover the hydraulic jump and the resulting turbulence.

The fish ladder:

For movement of fish (negotiate the artificial barrier in either direction)

Difference of level on the upstream and downstream sides on the weir is split up into water steps by
means of baffle walls constructed across the inclined chute of fish ladder.

Velocity in chute must not be more than 3m/s

Grooved gate at upstream and downstream – for effective control.

Optimum velocity 6 to 8 ft/sec

Sheet piles

Made of mild steel, each portion being 1/2’ to 2’ in width and 1/2' thick and of the required length,
having groove to link with other sheet piles.

Upstream piles:

Situated at the upstream end of the upstream concrete floor driven into the soil beyond the maximum
possible scour that may occur.

Functions:

Protect barrage structure from scour

Reduce uplift pressure on barrage

To hold the sand compacted and densified between two sheet piles in order to increase the bearing
capacity when barrage floor is designed as raft.
Intermediate sheet piles

Situated at the end of upstream and downstream glacis. Protection to the main structure of barrage
(pier carrying the gates, road bridge and the service bridge) in the event of the upstream and
downstream sheet piles collapsing due to advancing scour or undermining. They also help lengthen the
seepage path and reduce uplift pressure.

Downstream sheet piles; placed at the end of downstream concrete floor. Their main function is to
check the exit gradient. Their depth should be greater than the possible scour.

Inverted filter :

Provided between the downstream sheet piles and the flexible protection. Typically 6’’ sand, 9’’ coarse
sand and 9’’ gravel. Filter may vary with size of particles forming the river bed. It is protected by placing
over it concrete blocks of sufficient weight and size. Silts are left between the blocks to allow the water
to escape.

Length should be 2x downstream depth of sheet.

Functions:

Check the escape of fine soil particles in the seepage water.

Flexible apron:

Placed downstream of the filter.

Consists of boulder large enough not to be washed away by the highest likely velocity

The protection provided is enough as to cover thee slope of scour 1 ½ x depth of scour as the upstream
side of 2 x depth of scour on the downstream side at the slope

The under sluices : scouring sluices

Maintaining a deep channel in front of the head regulator on the downstream side.

Functions:

As the bed of under sluice is not lower level than rest of the weir, most of the day, whether flow unit will
flow toward this pocket ≥ easy diversion to channel through head regulator.

Control silt entry into channel

Scour the silt (silt excavated and removed)

High velocity currents due to high differential head.

Pass the low floods without dropping the shutter of main weir, the raising of which entails good deal of
labor and time.

Capacity of under sluices.

For sufficient scouring capacity, its discharging capacity should be at least double the canal discharge.
Should be able to pass the dry weather flow and low flood, without drooping the weir shutter.

Capable of discharging 10 to 15% of high flood discharge.

Marginal bunds:

Provided on the upstream in order to protect the area form submergence due to rise in HFL, caused by
afflux.
 VIRBHADRA BARRAGE

INTRODUCTION:

A barrage and head regulator on river ganga at Virbhadra, 5kms downstream of Rishikesh, has been
constructed under Garhwal Rishikesh Chilla Hydel Scheme for hydroelectric generation. This would diver
a maximum 680 cumecs (2400 cusecs) of river water in 14.3km. long power channel. Out of this
discharge, 115 cumecs (4000 cusecs) shall pass through silt ejector tunnels and 565 cumecs (20000
cusecs ) shall be used for generation of power by utilizing a head of 32.5 km at chilla power house. The
water after generation of power at chilla is again dropped in river Ganga about 5km u/s of Haridwar.

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS

The barrage comprise of 4 under sluices and 11 spillway bays of 18mtr clear span. A divide wall has
been provided separating the under sluices and spillway bays. A free flow channel, 1.5 mtr wide has
been provided adjacent to the divided well for which an additional pier 1.5 m wide has been
constructed. The under sluice and spillway bays is one meter higher i.e 326.50 km. Silt excluder tunnels,
six in number haver been provided in first under sluice bay on the basis of model studies for excluding
big boulders.

The head regulator on left bank of the river has its axis at an angle of 108 degree form axis. It comprises
5 bays of 11 mtr clear span. The width of piers is 2mtr.

Nominal guide bunds have been provided on u/s and d/s on both banks of barrage. An afflux bund about
1.4 km long has also been provided on u/s right bank. A head of supply channel of 1.4 cumecs (50
cusecs) for water supply to I.D.P.L is located in the afflux bund at about 280mtr form barrage. It has two
1mtr dia steel pipes at the mouth, fitted with steel gates which can be manually operated from the top.
Though the required discharge in the channel could be fed by one pipe line only, one stand bye pipe has
been provided. It is proposed to bring back the conditionally clean water cumecs ( 40 cusecs ) from
I.D.P.L to river upstream of barrage by means of a feedback channel. Its tail fall has been constructed in
afflux bund at about 740 meters from barrage.

The barrage gates are vertical lift fixed wheel type. The under sluice gates are 11.5 mtr high and spillway
bay gate are 10.15 high. The under sluice gates have been provided in two tiers with bottom tier 8 mtr
height and top tier of 3.15 mtr height. This has been done to flush logs/sleepers, which may find their
way upto barrage and choke the head regulator, by raising, only the top tier of gate provision for stop
log gates in all the bays of barrage, except no. 01, in which silt excluder tunnels have been provided has
been made. There is however one set of stop log gate which will be operated by means of 50 MT gantry
crane moving on rail track constructed on the upstream.

The head regulator gates are vertical lift fixed wheel type. The height of head regulator gates in 7.2 mtr.
A trash rack of size 75 mm with an inclination of 10 degree form vertical has been provided at the head
regulator to check entry of trash and bed load material plus 75 mm size in power channel.
The power channel starting from head regulator to 0.208 km can carry a maximum discharge of 680
cumecs (24000 cusecs). The width of unlined section of channel in this reach is 42 mtr with side slopes
of 1:1.75 mtr and bed slope of 1 in 2320 in initial 148 mtr and 1 in 100 in last 60 mtr

At 0.208 km of power channel silt ejector tunnels have been provided to eject bed load material of plus
1 mm size. There are 12 smaller tunnels (2.5 X 1.6 mtr ) four converging to one main tunnel, thus making
3 tunnels at the exit. As such there are 3 gates at the outlet of tunnels. The silt ejector channel is
approximately 375 mtr long with 1 mtr fall at chainage 250 mtr. It has a bed slope of 1:1. This channel is
boulder pitches both at bed and sides and is designed for a discharge of 115 cumecs (4000 cusecs ) with
a water depth of 4 mtr. The silt ejector channel discharges in river ganga at about 400 mtr d/s of the
barrage.

SALIENT FEATURES:

1. River
(1) Catchment Area 21400 square km
(2) Snow catchment area at barrage sit 8450 square km
(3) Maximum flood (1924) 18560 cumecs
(4) River Slope 1 in 435
(5) Assumed design afflux 1.2 mtr
(6) u/s H.F.L for design discharge 336 mtr
(7) d/s H.F.L for design discharge 334.8 mtr

2. Barrage
(1) Length between abutments 312 mtr
(2) Normal Pond level (R.L) 334.5 mtr
(3) Maximum pond level 336.5 mtr
(4) Minimum pond level 333.15 mtr
(5) Clear roadway over bridge 7.5 mtr
(6) Level of Road (R.L) 338.5 mtr
(7) Design discharge of barrage 14750 cumecs
(8) Pond storage capacity 6610 Acre Fit

3. Under Sluice
(1) Length b/w abutments 84 mtr
(2) Size of Bays (4 nos) 18 mtr
(3) Thickness of piers (3 nos ) 3 mtr
(4) Size of gates (4 nos (a) 18 X 8 mtr bottom tier(clear) (in two tiers) 18 X 10.15 mtr
(5) Total weight of gate 76.77 MT
(6) Crest level 326.5 mtr
(7) Length of impervious floor 179 mtr
(8) Depth of U/s cut off 2.3 mtr
(9) Depth of D/s cut off 4.75 mtr
(10) Cistern level 321.75 mtr
(11)Discharging capacity at H.F.L / Bay approx. 960 cumec
Silt Excluder

(1) Width of tunnels at entrance (6 nos) 2 nos. 3.2 mtr wide

2 nos. 3.1 mtr wide
2 nos. 2.5 mtr wide
(2) Width of tunnels at exit 2.5 mtr wide
(3) Height of tunnels 1.6 mtr
(4) Maximum length of tunnels 107.4 mtr
(5) Thickness of Partition walls 0.6 mtr

Ram Dhara

(1) Width 1.5 mtr

(2) Crest level 322 mtr
(3) Discharge at normal pond Approx. 10 cumecs
(4) Discharge at minimum pond Approx. 3 cumecs

7. Divide Wall

(1) Width of divide wall 6 mtr

(2) Length of divide wall u/s 124 mtr
(3) Length of divide wall d/s 92.25 mtr

8. Canal Head Regulator

(1) Length between abutments 63mtr

(2) Size of bays 5 nos 11 mtr
(3) Thickness of pier 2 mtr
(4) Size of gates (5 nos ) (clear) 11 mtr
(5) Crest Level ( R.L ) 327.8 mtr
(6) Length of D/s impervious floor 22.97 mtr
(7) Depth of D/s cutoff 6 mtr
(8) Discharging capacity at normal pond bay approx. 140 cumecs

9. Power Channel

(1) Capacity upto 0 km from head 680 cumecs

(2) Capacity from 0.2 onward 565 cumecs
(3) Total length 14.3 kms
(4) Bed width in head reaches 42 mtrs
(5) Bed width of channel below 0.617 kms 12.5 mtr
(6) Side slopes 1.75 : 1
10. Stop log Gate

(1) Number of units 6

(2) Weight of each unit approx. 25 MT
Size of Stop Log Gate Units
(3) First intermediate unit 18 mtr X 1.5 mtr
(4) Second intermediate unit 18 mtr X 1.5 mtr
(5) Third intermediate unit 18 mtr X 1.9 mtr
(6) Fourth intermediate unit 18 mtr X 1.9 mtr
(7) Fifth intermediate unit 18 mtr X 2.2 mtr
(8) Top most unit 18 mtr X 2.2 mtr

12. 50 T Gantry Crane

(1) Safe working load 50 MT

(2) Maximum height of lift 17 mtr
(3) Speed of main hosit 3 mtr / min
(4) Speed of long travel 12 mtr / min
(5) H.P of hoist main motor ( 1 no. ) 47
(6) H.P of long travel motor ( 2 no. ) 4 each

13. Trash Rack

(1) Clear width of Trash Rack 1540 mm

(2) Total width of Trash Rack 1560 mm
(3) Height of trash rack 8350 mm
(4) Total no. of trash rack 39 nos.
(5) Flat size Vertical flat 19 Nos. of L = 8350 mm Thick 10mm
Horizontal flat 22 Nos. of L = 1540mm Thick 20 mm
(6) Spacing between two vertical strip 40 mm
(7) Inclination of trash rack from vertical 10 degree
(8) Length between two vertical strip 63 mtr
(9) Length between abutments 2 mtr
(10)No. of bays 5 Nos.
(11)Thickness of Per ( 4 nos ) 2 mtr
(12)Size of gates ( 5 nos in clear ) 11 mtr
(13)Crest level (R.L) 327.80 mtr
(14)Deck level 338.50 mtr
(15)Height of Deck from crest level of Trash Rack 10.7 mtr

14. Power House

(1) Capacity 4 X 36 = 144 MW

(2) Maximum head 32.5 mtr
(3) Type of Turbine Kaplan
(4) Speed of Turbine 187.5 rpm
(5) Generation Voltage 11000 V
(6) Transmission Voltage 132000 V
(7) Make of Machine BHEL
(8) Total project cost Rs 98 crore