PROCESOS DE BIORREMEDIACION

TAREA 2

JESUS DAVID CASTRO BONILLA

CODIGO 86086410

GRUPO: 358025_54

Docente:

 YESID ALEXANDER SÁNCHEZ

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERA ! A DISANCIA

DISANCIA "UNAD#

INGENIERIA A$BIENAL
A$BIENAL

UDR CUCUA% $AR&O DE 201'

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

 BIORREMEDIACION

L( )*o++e,e-*(c*on con.*.te en e/ t+(t(,*ento -e ce+o. cont(,*n(-o.% con o+(n*.,o. *o.% ono.% )(cte+*(.% /(nt(.
(+( /( +e,oc*n% cont+o/% o +e-cc*n -e cont(,*n(c*n 7 -eo/c*n -e n ,e-*o (/te+(-o ( . e.t(-o n(t+(/

En /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on .e e-en t*/*9(+ t(nto o+(n*.,o. +o*o. -e .e/o% (tctono.;% co,o o+(n*.,o. -e ot+o. .*t*o.
e<eno.;% e-e +e(/*9(+.e *n .*t o e< .*t% t(nto en con-*c*one. (e+o)*(. co,o (n(e+o)*(.% e.t( e.t+(te*( -e -e+(-(c*n
)*o/*c( -een-e -e /(. +o*e-(-e. c(t()/*c(. -e /o. o+(n*.,o.% 7 . c((c*-(- (+( t*/*9(+ /o. co,e.to.
cont(,*n(nte. co,o . =ente -e (/*,ento 7 ene+>( V(n De+en et (/ 1??';

TIPOS TECNICAS DE BIORREMEDIACION

E<*.ten -o. t*o. +*nc*(/e.% *n .*t 7 e< .*t% ( cont*n(c*n% -e=*n*+e,o. c(-( n( -e e//(.

Biorremediaio! IN SITU
L( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% co,o . no,)+e /o *n-*c(% .on to-(. (@e//(. tcn*c(.% @e .e e-en +e(/*9(+ -*+ect(,ente% en e/
+e( cont(,*n(-(% .*n .e+ nece.(+*o% e/ t+(.o+te -e/ ce+o cont(,*n(-o ( ot+o /(+ (+( . t+(t(,*ento% e.t(. tcn*c(. .on
e.ec*(/e. c(n-o /(. +e(. cont(,*n(-(. .on ,7 e<ten.(.% 7 t+(./(-(+ e/ ,(te+*(/ cont(,*n(-o% .e+>( n( /()o+ ,7
co.to.(

Las técnicas in situ buscan estimular y crear un ambiente favorable para el crecimiento microbiano a partir de los
contaminantes. Este objetivo generalmente puede lograrse con el suministro de aire u oxígeno (bioventeo), nutrientes
(bioestimulación), microorganismos (bioaumentación) yo !umedad, adem"s del control de temperatura y p#  EPA 2001;

Biorremediaio! EX SITU

Cont+(+*o ( /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% e.t(. tcn*c(.% +e@*e+en @e e/ ,(te+*(/ cont(,*n(-o .e( t+(.o+t(-o ( n .*t*o
e.ec*=*co% -on-e .e /e (/*@e e/ t+(t(,*ento% -e -e.cont(,*n(c*n% e. ,. e=*c*ente @e /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% 7 .e
e-en t+(t(+ ,. t*o. -e cont(,*n(nte.

Los procesos de biorremediación ex situ, incluyen$ procesos de biodegradación en fase de lodos, en donde el suelo se
me%cla con agua (para formar un lodo), microorganismos y nutrientes& y de biodegradación en fase sólida, en donde los
suelos colocan en una celda de tratamiento (composteo) o sobre membranas impermeables (biolabran%a), en donde se
agrega agua y nutrientes EPA 2001;

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

 CUADRO COMPARATIVO TECNICAS DE BIORREMEDIACION

TECNICA TIP DE"INICION VENTAJAS DESVANTAJAS "ACTORES #UE CONTAMINANTES

O A"ECTAN TRATADOS

Con.*.te en  A/t( e=*c*enc*( L(+o. e+*o-o. #UIMICOS : Co,e.to.

(ce+ c*+c/(+ n con co,e.to. -e t+(t(,*ento *o 7 concent+(c*n -e/ o+n*co.
=/o -e (*+e -e )(( +e.*n cont(,*n(nte )*o-e+(-()/e.
*n7ecc*n 7 Pe+-*-( -e .e,*o/(t*/e. 7
e<t+(cc*n% (+( Co.to )(o nt+*ente. en e/ Vo/(t*/*9(c*n -e/ o/t*/e.
=(o+ece+ /(. co,(+(-o con .e/o cont(,*n(nte
con-*c*one. ot+(. tcn*c(. So/ente. no
Bio$e!%eo In (e+o)*(.% -e/ L( "ISICOS& c/o+(-o.
.*t .e/o% 7 No e. nece.(+*o -e.cont(,*n(c*n B(o conten*-o -e
e.t*,/(+ /( +e,oe+ /( t*e++( .e e-e -(+ ,. ,e-(- Pe.t*c*-(.
-e+(-(c*n o+ o/(t*/*9(c*n
n(t+(/% -e /o. E. n( @e o+    A/t( co,(ct(c*n -e/ Con.e+(nte. -e
cont(,*n(nte.% (/te+n(t*( -e+(-(c*n .e/o ,(-e+(
,e-*(nte /( (,*()/e con e/
+e(/*9(c*n -e ,e-*o (,)*ente Pe+,e()*/*-(-
o9o. (+( /(
*n7ecc*n -e (*+e te,e+(t+(
( )(( +e.*n
BIOLO'ICOS :
*o. -e )(cte+*(. (
t*/*9(+

P+e.enc*( -e )(cte+*(.
n(t*(. en e/ .e/o

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

 E.t( tcn*c( B(o co.to -e *e,o #UIMICOS : Re.*-o. -e /(
con.*.te en *,/e,ent(c*n +o/on(-o -e *o -e cont(,*n(nte (ct**-(- et+o/e+(
+ooc(+ /( t+(t(,*ento
o<*-(c*n -e /o. No -e( +e.*-o. Nt+*ente. Re.*-o. -e
*-+oc(+)+o. o.te+*o+e.  A/t( -een-enc*( (+o*n-.t+*(.
conten*-o. en e/ -e =(cto+e. P+e.enc*( -e *n*)*-o+e.
La!d(armi!) In .e/o ( t+(. En con-*c*one. (,)*ent(/e. Re.*-o. -e
*+io,a+ra!-a. .*t -e /( cont+o/(-(. no (-ec(-o. (+( So/)*/*-(- -e /o. =+*o+>=*co.
e.t*,/(c*n -e +o-ce +*e.o . cont(,*n(nte.
E< /( ,*c+o=/o+( -e cont(,*n(c*n *,/e,ent(c*n Re.*-o. -e
.*t +e.ente en e/ .e+=*c*(/ o "ISICOS& *n-.t+*(. @>,*c(. 7
.e/o% n(t*(;% .)te++ne( +(./(-o -e /o.  A*+e(c*n =(+,(ct*c(.
co,o /o .on /o. cont(,*n(nte. (
ono.% I,(cto n .e/o no 
)(cte+*(.% 7 (,)*ent(/ ,>n*,o cont(,*n(-o
/e(-+(.% ( BIOLO'ICOS&
t+(. -e/ (+(-o De+(-( n( Po.*)*/*-(- -e Concent+(c*n -e
.e+=*c*(/ 7 /( +(n c(nt*-(- -e /*<**(-o. ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.%
(-*c*n -e *-+oc(+)+o.
nt+*ente. 7 R*e.o -e *o -e ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.
+*eo -e/ te++eno cont(,*n(c*n -e t*/*9(-o.
(c>=e+o.

L( $eo+( /( Poc( e=ect**-(- #UIMICOS& Se/o. cont(,*n(-o.

)*oe.t*,/(c*n -e+(-(c*n -e en .e/o. Nt+*ente. en e/ .e/o con (.o/*n(
*,/*c( /( cont(,*n(nte. (+c*//o.o.
(/*c(c*n -e o+n*co. *o -e cont(,*n(nte ( Co,e.to.
.o/c*one.  No +eco,en-(-o t+(t(+  o+n*co. o/t*/e.
(co.(.% con e/ Se e-e (/*c(+  en Se/o. COV;
Bioe/%im0,aio! In =*n -e e.t*,/(+  ( +(n-e. e.t+(t*=*c(-o. "ISICOS&
.*t /( (ct**-(- -e .e+=*c*e. ,e-(- COS
/o. cont(,*n(-(. Se/o. @e no
,*c+oo+(n*.,o =(o+e9c(n e/ e,e+(t+( Pe.t*c*-(.

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

 . +e.ente. en c+ec*,*ento
e/ .e/o n(t*o.; ,*c+o)*(no 
7 ,eo+(+ /(
-e+(-(c*n o L(+o. e+*o-o. +o=n-*-(- -e/
*n,o*/*9(c*n -e t+(t(,*ento cont(,*n(nte
-e /o.
co,e.to. Inc+e,ento en /( BIOLO'ICOS&
o+n*co. o ,o*/*-(- -e /o. $*c+oo+(n*.,o.
*no+n*co. cont(,*n(nte. +e.ente. en e/ .e/o
c(.(nte. -e /(
cont(,*n(c*n

L( E. con.*-e+(-o Nece.*-(- -e #UIMICOS& e+)*c*-(.

)*o(,ent(c*n no -e /o. (*./(+  *o -e cont(,*n(nte 7
e. ,7 .*,*/(+ ( ,to-o. ,. ,*c+o+(n*.,o. 7 concent+(c*n -e/ ,*.,o In.ect*c*-(.
/( e=ect*o. -e c/t*(+/o.
)*oe.t*,/(c*n% )*o++e,e-*(c*on "ISICOS& C/o+o=eno/e.
( -*=e+enc*( @e L( *nt+o-cc*n e,e+(t+(
Bioa0me!%aio! In en e.t( tcn*c( Co.to. -e e.ec*e. N*t+o=eno/e.
.*t .e (/*c(n +e/(t*(,ente e-e ene+(+  P
,*c+oo+(n*.,o )(o. e=ecto. (-e+.o. BPC.
. *o. @e en e/ ,e-*o ,e-(-
ten(n /( P.
c((c*-(- -e Pe-e //e(+ ( .e+  C/(.e te<t+(/ -e/ .e/o
-e+(-(+% e/ n +oce.o ,7 AP.
cont(,*n(nte en -e,o+(-o BIOLO'ICOS&
ce.t*n% e.t( D*.on*)*/*-(- -e
tcn*c( .e t*/*9( ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.
c(n-o .e
+e@*e+e e/ E.ec*e -e
t+(t(,*ento ,*c+o+(n*.,o t*/*9(-o
*n,e-*(to -e n
.*t*o  A/te+(c*n ent*c( -e
cont(,*n(-o% o ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.
c(n-o /(

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

 ,*c+o=/o+( -e/
,e-*o e.
*n.=*c*ente

E/ co,o.teo% Gene+( ,(te+*( L*)e+(c*n -e #UIMICOS& .e/o. cont(,*n(-o.

e. n( tcn*c( o+n*c( @e ,et(/e. e.(-o. *o. -e cont(,*n(nte con PCP
t*/*9(-(% (+( e/ e-e .e+  
t+(t(,*ento -e (-*c*on(-( (/ +(t(,*ento -e Nt+*ente. +e.ente. G(.o/*n(.
.e/o. 7 .e/o +e.*-o. /*,*t(-o
.e-*,ento. "ISICOS& P
Com1o/%ae E< cont(,*n(-o. B(o. co.to. Cont+o/ e,e+(t+(
.*t con co,e.to. e+,(nente AP
o+n*co.% *e,o. -e ,e-(-
)*o-e+(-()/e.% t+(t(,*ento Nece.*-(- -e Se ( -e,o.t+(-o
((-*en-o +e/(t*(,ente e.(c*o 7 P t(,)*n /( +e-cc*n%
e.t()*/*9(-o+e. co+to. e<c((c*n -e/ (.t( n*e/e.
co,o (.e++>n% .e/o  A*+e(c*n (cet()/e.% en /(
e.t*+co/% $eo+(,*ento -e cont(,*n(-o concent+(c*n
-e.eco. -e /( c(/*-(- -e/ (,(o -e /( (+t>c/( ( 7 to<*c*-(- -e
c/t*o.% @e .e/o 7 -e/  Pe-e /*)e+(+  co,o.t(+  e</o.*o. N;
,(nt*enen /( co,e.to.
+e/(c*n -e D*.,*n7e /( o+n*co. BIOLO'ICOS&
nt+*ente.% (+( +o/*=e+(c*n -e o/t*/e. COV P+e.enc*( -e
o)tene+ n /((.% (/ ,*c+o+(n*.,o. (-e+.o.
+o-cto e.t()/e (ce+.e -e =o+,(
@e e-e .e+  cont+o/(-( D*.on*)*/*-(- -e
(-*c*on(-o (/ o+(n*.,o.
,e-*o )*o-e+(-(-o+e.

L( E. n( E. n +oce.o #UIMICOS& OR'ANICOS3

F*to++e,e-*(c*on tecno/o>( ,7 /ento *o -e cont(,*n(nte 7 *-+oc(+)+o.
e. n( tcn*c( ..tent()/e concent+(c*n -e/ ,*.,o (+o,t*co. o/*
@e t*/*9( E.t /*,*t(-o ( /( c>c/*co. PA.;
/(nt(. (+( e/ E. e=*c*ente t(nto .e+=*c*e% nt+*ente. en e/ .e/o
cont+o/% (+( +*9o.=e+( -e /( PCB.

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

"i%orremediaio In -e+(-(c*n% cont(,*n(nte. /(nt( "ISICOS&
! .*t (/,(cen(,*ento o+n*co. co,o P D*o<*n(.
% t+(.=o+,(c*n% *no+n*co. Lo.
e.t()*/*9(c*n o cont(,*n(nte. e<t+( -e/ .e/o D*.o/ente. c/o+(-o.
+e-cc*n -e E. -e )(o co.to (c,/(-o.% en /(
co,e.to. /(nt( e-en P+o=n-*-(- -e/ .e/o P/(*c*-(.
cont(,*n(nte.% No +e@*e+e /*)e+(+.e o+  
,e-*(nte /( e+.on(/ co,).t*n o BIOLO'ICOS& INOR'ANICOS
t*/*9(c*n -e e.ec*(/*9(-o o/(t*/*9(c*n *o -e /(nt(. t*/*9(-(. $et(/e. e.(-o.
(/n(. (+( . ,(neo Co% C+ o C;
e.ec*(. No to-(. /(. o/e+(nc*( -e /(. /(nt(.
eet(/e.% No +e@*e+e /(nt(. .on ( /( *nto<*c(c*n E/e,ento. no
c((ce. -e con.,o -e (c,/(-o+(. ,et/*co. A.% B;
=*/t+(+ 7 ().o+)en ene+>( P+e.enc*( -e o+(n*.,o.
..t(nc*(. @e (=ect(n e/ -e.(++o//o
to<*c(. -e /( /(nt(

BIBLIO'RA"IA

Be+n(/% $P% C/e,ente% R% V9@e9% S  H(/e+% DJ 200'; A/*c(c*n -e /( F*to++e,e-*(c*n ( .e/o. cont(,*n(-o. o+ 
,et(/e. e.(-o. en A9n(/c//(+ En +e*.t( Eco.*.te,(. E.(( Vo/ 162;: 1K 14 Re(/*9(+ /ect+( -e (+t>c/o
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Vo/e% % Ve/(.co JA 2002; ecno/o>(. -e +e,e-*(c*n (+( .e/o. cont(,*n(-o.% 31 K3' De.c(+(-o -e
tt:MMM*necco),<-e.c(+(.)/*c(c*one.3'2-= 

S*n% U%  A+o+(% N  2015; B*o+e,e-*(t*on: An A/te+n(t*e to Conent*on(/ Re,e-*(/ ecno/o*e. Jo+n(/ o= B*o/o*c(/
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ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

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