Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4

EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

EE 179.1 Activity 5: Time Response

1 Introduction

Time response of a system is the time evolution of the variables. Speed of response
is an important measure of how quickly a system responds. When you evaluate how well a
system is performing you need to measure speed of response with some metric. When you
are designing a system you need to be able to predict speed of response.

The experiment will help users to find the response time of a function and show the
system performance specification. Speed of response can be a little tricky because we have
so many intuitive ideas of what we mean by speed of response. In this laboratory
experiment, scilab will be used to get the reponse time of a system from the given model.

2 Objectives

 To be able to find the time response from a transfer function and show the system
performance specifications.
 To be able to show the time response and the characteristics of the system response in
simulations.
 To be able to obtain the model of the system given the time response.

3 Materials
1 1.5kΩ Resistor
1 0.1µF Capacitor
1 400mH Inductor
Computer with Scilab

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Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4
EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

4 Deliverables
Graphs/plots

Scripts

This Document

5 Pre-Lab Exercises

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

1. Find the transfer function of the circuit in figure 1 if R = 2KOhm, C = 0.3uF and L =
200mH.

𝑉𝑜(𝑠) 1
Transfer Function : : 𝑉𝑖(𝑠)
= 40𝑠2 𝑥10^−9+150𝑠𝑥10^−6+1

2. Using Scilab, create a short script to show the following from your transfer function and
answer the following:
a. Damping Ratio = 0.375
b. Natural Frequency = 5000rad/s
c. Peak Time = 0.0006778s
d. Rise Time = 0.0002848s
e. % Overshoot = 28.059672%
f. Settling Time =0.0021333s

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Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4
EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

3. Using scilab, identify the zeros and poles of the system and plot them.
Zeros: none
Poles: - 1875. + 4635.1241j and - 1875. - 4635.1241j

The complex conjugate poles of the transfer function. The zero pole if the input is a step
function is not shown.

4. Using Scilab, show the plot of the system with a step input. You may use csim() function
to plot the response of the transfer function when there is a 5V step input. This is just like
plotting the voltage of the circuit when SW1 is closed.

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Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4
EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

The graph shown above is the transfer function with the step input of 5 volts. The y-axis represents the
output voltage while the x-axis represents the time. As the output voltage increases (with respect to time)
to approximately 6.5V, the output voltage decreases and became constant ate the output voltage of 5V
at 0.002s.

6 Lab Exercise
Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1. Initially, SW1 should be open. To ensure that there
are no stored charges in the capacitors, short their pins momentarily before inserting to the circuit.
You may attach switches in parallel with the capacitors to discharge them without removing them.
Using an oscilloscope, check the output voltage (Vo) with respect to ground when the switch is
closed. V1 = 5V. Channel 1 of the oscilloscope is connected to the switch 1 and R1 junction.
Channel 2 is connected to R2 and C2 junction.
Make sure the capacitors are empty when you close the switch. Configure the oscilloscope so
that you can see the transient response in high resolution. This may require some trial and error.
Empty the capacitors, close the switch, and observe the response in the oscilloscope. Pause the
scope when you see that the response is almost steady. Use the knob to zoom in and adjust the
horizontal position to see the transient response. If the oscilloscope has a storage option, store the
samples in the USB flash drive as CSV file and open the CSV and store the data to an array in
Scilab.
From the oscilloscope or scilab plot of the samples, find the following:
a. Damping Ratio =0.3727750
b. Natural Frequency =4866.6348rad/s

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Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4
EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

c. Peak Time =0.0006957s

d. Rise Time = 0.0002919s
e. % Overshoot =28.30659%
f. Settling Time =0.0022049s

Based on the above data, find the transfer function for the actual circuit.

𝑉𝑜(𝑠) 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝐺(𝑠) = =
𝑉𝑖(𝑠) 𝑠 2 + 2 ∗ 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 ∗ 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ∗ 𝑠 + (𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦)2

Show also the poles and the zeros of this transfer function.
Zeros: none
Poles: - 1814.1599 + 4515.8563j and - 1814.1599 + 4515.8563j

7 Questions
1. Compare the parameters from the pre-lab and the experiment
below shows the percentage difference between calculation and simulation.

a. Damping Ratio =0.5933%

b. Natural Frequency =2.68%
c. Peak Time =2.64%
d. Rise Time = 2.49%
e. % Overshoot =0.88%
f. Settling Time =3.371%

2. Plot the two responses and compare.

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Name: Andam, Mark Eric Course and Year: BSECE 4
EE 179.1 Section: H456 Laboratory Schedule: 1:00-4:00/M

Since my simulator has no tolerance settings, I used the same thing I did in prelab, yet the values of
inductor, capacitor and resistor was added a random number to make it comparable with the prelab
and to assume that this is in simulation mode.

3. Plot the poles and zeros of both pre-lab and actual circuit. Compare the two plots.

The bolder one shows the poles that I have solved in prelab, while the other one is for the lab
exercise.
4. Compare the two transfer functions you got. Do the two transfer functions have similar
responses? Why?
The two transfer functions have different values because they have different damping ratio and
frequency response. The two transfer functions have similar responses since both of them are
underdamped.

8 Conclusion
As observed on the experiment made, I can conclude that the results between the simulations and that
of the computations made on SCILAB are approximately equal with a small percentage error.

9 References
http://www.openeering.com/sites/default/files/Plotting_in_Scilab.pdf
http://www.scilab.in/files/workshops/29-11-2010-mumbai/controls.pdf
http://www.openeering.com/sites/default/files/Control%20System%20Toolbox%20in%20Scilab.pdf
http://www.heikell.fi/downloads/scilabpdf.pdf
Control System Engineering – Norman S. Nise 6th Edition