SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
(B.TECH : ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING)

LABORATORY RECORD BOOK

(ECE 3212: COMMUNICATION NETWORK LAB)
 Certificate

Certified to be the bonafide record of the work done by Asfar

Malim, Registration No. 1521013 Branch: Electronics and
Communication, Semester 6 in Communication Network
Laboratory, Bachelor of Technology program, during the year
2018.

Laboratory ………………………………………….................
Faculty in-charge

Chairperson……………………………………………………
School of Engineering & IT
Submitted for End Semester practical test on…………………

Examiner-1 Examiner-2
 INDEX
Exp.no Date Topic Page no.

1. 11/02/18 Single switch connection 1

2. 15/02/18 Connection between 2 switches 3

3. 18/02/18 Connection between multiple switches 5

4. 22/02/18 Router-Switch connection 7

5. 25/02/18 Router-Switch connection with 500 9

computers

6. 1/03/18 Server-Switch Connection 11

7. 11/03/18 Router to router connection 13

8. 15/04/18 Static routing 15

9. 22/04/18 RIP Protocol 17

10. 26/04/18 Connection between 3 routers 19

11. 10/05/18 OSPF Protocol 21

12. 17/05/18 Subnet Mask 23

13. 24/05/18 TCP/IP 29

 EXPERIMENT –1

Date:11/02/18

Aim: To test the local area network with a single switch connection.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.4

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network connectivity has been successfully tested.

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 EXPERIMENT – 2

Date:15/02/18

Aim: To test the local area network connection between 2 switches.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.10
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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network connectivity has been successfully tested.

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 EXPERIMENT – 3

Date:18/02/18

Aim: To test the local area network connection between multiple switches.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.50

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network connectivity has been successfully tested.

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 EXPERIMENT – 4

Date:22/02/18

Aim: To test the wide area network using Static routing protocol.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.3.1 to 192.168.1.20

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using static routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 5
Date:25/02/18

Aim: To test the wide area network for 500 computers using routers.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 191.168.7.1 to 191.168.8.254
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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using static routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 6

Date:1/03/18

Aim: To test the wide area network with a server.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router
 Server

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.1.101 to 192.168.1.110

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other side
through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using static routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 7

Date:11/03/18

Aim: To test the connectivity between two networks using routers.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 172.16.0.1 to 172.16.0.4

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other side
through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using static routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 8

Date:15/04/18

Aim: To test the wide area network connectivity using 2 routers.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.10
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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using static routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 9

Date:22/04/18

Aim: To test the wide area network using RIP protocol.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.2.1 to 192.168.2.2

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using RIP routing.

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 EXPERIMENT – 10

Date:26/04/18

Aim: To test the wide area network using multilayer switches and routers.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers ar
 e used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.21
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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using RIP routing protocol.

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 EXPERIMENT – 11

Date:10/05/18

Aim: To test the wide area network using OSPF protocol

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.3,192.168.2.1 to
192.168.2.3 and 192.168.3.1 to 192.168.3.3

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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using OSPF routing protocol.

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 EXPERIMENT – 12

Date:17/05/18

Aim:To test the wide area network using Subnet Mask.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Router

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.
 We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.8
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Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two
PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other
side through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using sub netting protocol.

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 SUBNETTING

An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address. A
subnet mask separates the IP address into the network and host addresses
(<network><host>). Subnetting further divides the host part of an IP address into
a subnet and host address (<network><subnet><host>) if additional subnetwork
is needed. Use the Subnet Calculator to retrieve subnetwork information from IP
address and Subnet Mask. It is called a subnet mask because it is used to identify
network address of an IP address by perfoming a bitwise AND operation on the
netmask.

A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP
address into network address and host address. Subnet Mask is made by setting
network bits to all "1"s and setting host bits to all "0"s. Within a given network,
two host addresses are reserved for special purpose, and cannot be assigned to
hosts. The "0" address is assigned a network address and "255" is assigned to a
broadcast address, and they cannot be assigned to hosts.

Subnetting an IP network is to separate a big network into smaller multiple

networks for reorganization and security purposes. All nodes (hosts) in a
subnetwork see all packets transmitted by any node in a network. Performance of
a network is adversely affected under heavy traffic load due to collisions and
retransmissions.

Applying a subnet mask to an IP address separates network address from host

address. The network bits are represented by the 1's in the mask, and the host
bits are represented by 0's. Performing a bitwise logical AND operation on the IP
address with the subnet mask produces the network address. For example,
applying the Class C subnet mask to our IP address 216.3.128.12 produces the
following network address:

IP: 1101 1000 . 0000 0011 . 1000 0000 . 0000 1100 (216.003.128.012)

Mask: 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 1111 1111 . 0000 0000 (255.255.255.000)

---------------------------------------------

1101 1000 . 0000 0011 . 1000 0000 . 0000 0000 (216.003.128.000)

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Class Address # of Hosts Netmask (Binary) Netmask
(Decimal)

CIDR /4 240,435,456 11110000 00000000 240.0.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /5 134,217,728 11111000 00000000 248.0.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /6 67,108,864 11111100 00000000 252.0.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /7 33,554,432 11111110 00000000 254.0.0.0

00000000 00000000

A /8 16,777,216 11111111 00000000 255.0.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /9 8,388,608 11111111 10000000 255.128.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /10 4,194,304 11111111 11000000 255.192.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /11 2,097,152 11111111 11100000 255.224.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /12 1,048,576 11111111 11110000 255.240.0.0

00000000 00000000

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CIDR /13 524,288 11111111 11111000 255.248.0.0
00000000 00000000

CIDR /14 262,144 11111111 11111100 255.252.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /15 131,072 11111111 11111110 255.254.0.0

00000000 00000000

B /16 65,534 11111111 11111111 255.255.0.0

00000000 00000000

CIDR /17 32,768 11111111 11111111 255.255.128.0

10000000 00000000

CIDR /18 16,384 11111111 11111111 255.255.192.0

11000000 00000000

CIDR /19 8,192 11111111 11111111 255.255.224.0

11100000 00000000

CIDR /20 4,096 11111111 11111111 255.255.240.0

11110000 00000000

CIDR /21 2,048 11111111 11111111 255.255.248.0

11111000 00000000

CIDR /22 1,024 11111111 11111111 255.255.252.0

11111100 00000000

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CIDR /23 512 11111111 11111111 255.255.254.0
11111110 00000000

C /24 256 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.0

11111111 00000000

CIDR /25 128 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.128

11111111 10000000

CIDR /26 64 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.192

11111111 11000000

CIDR /27 32 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.224

11111111 11100000

CIDR /28 16 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.240

11111111 11110000

CIDR /29 8 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.248

11111111 11111000

CIDR /30 4 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.252

11111111 11111100

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 EXPERIMENT – 13

Date:24/05/18

Aim: To test the wide area network for HTTP, FTP, DNS and Email.

Hardware Required:

 Computers
 Switch
 Server

Software Required: CISCO Packet tracer

Network Topology Diagram:

Design and Documentation of addressing scheme:

 We have used star topology to design the local area network.

 Here one switch and four computers are used to design the network.
 Each PC is assigned an IP address.
 It has 24bit network address and 8bit host ID.
 This switch has 24 ports.

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  We can have maximum of 254 computers connected to this network.
 The IP address is of the range 10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.8
Connectivity Check:

 Using ping command, we can check the connectivity between any two PCs.
 When we use the ping command then we get the reply from the other side
through 32bytes received.
 If there is no link created between 2 PCs then it gives the reply ‘request
timed out’.

DHCP

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DNS

HTTP

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 Email Server

Conclusion:

The network has been successfully tested using TCP/IP Protocol.

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 TCP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that defines how to establish

and maintain a network conversation via which application programs can
exchange data. TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how
computers send packets of data to each other. Together, TCP and IP are the basic
rules defining the Internet.

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means a connection is established

and maintained until the application programs at each end have finished
exchanging messages. It determines how to break application data into packets
that networks can deliver, sends packets to and accepts packets from the network
layer, manages flow control, and—because it is meant to provide error-free data
transmission—handles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets as well as
acknowledgement of all packets that arrive. In the Open Systems
Interconnection(OSI) communication model, TCP covers parts of Layer 4,
the Transport Layer, and parts of Layer 5, the Session Layer.

For example, when a Web server sends an HTML file to a client, it uses
the HTTP protocol to do so. The HTTP program layer asks the TCP layer to set up
the connection and send the file. Although each packet in the transmission will
have the same source and destination IP addresses, packets may be sent along
multiple routes. The TCP program layer in the client computer waits until all of the
packets have arrived, then acknowledges those it receives and asks for the
retransmission on any it does not (based on missing packet numbers), then
assembles them into a file and delivers the file to the receiving application.

Retransmissions and the need to reorder packets after they arrive can
introduce latency in a TCP stream. Highly time-sensitive applications like voice
over IP (VoIP) and video generally rely on a transport like User Datagram Protocol
(UDP) that reduces latency and jitter (variation in latency) by not worrying about
reordering packets or getting missing data retransmitted.

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