Sie sind auf Seite 1von 17

States of Matter Y9 Diffusion

Define diffusion __________________________________________


_______________________ ________________________________

The smoke forms nearer


to the ammonia end –
why?.________________
___________________-
Pressure
Define pressure __________________________________________
_______________________ ________________________________

Draw a particles State 4 ways to increase pressure


(circles) diagram ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Heating and cooling curves _________________________________________________________
Label the graph with the
state at each point. Separation techniques – draw a labelled diagram for the
following and give an example of each
filtering Chromatography
Why does the temperature
not change when something
changes state
_______________________
_______________________
Distillation Fractional distillation
_______________________

Define Solvent _________________________________________


Define Solute _________________________________________
Define insoluble _________________________________________ Crystallisation Purity testing
Define dissolve_________________________________________
Define solution_________________________________________
Chemical reactions Y9 Metallic/Ionic/Covalent Bonding
Give 4 signs that a chemical reaction has taken place
•______________________________________________
•______________________________________________
•______________________________________________
•______________________________________________
Element/compound or mixture
Can contain any number of
substances in a different ratio
A/B/C/D Element/compound
or mixture
Contains one type of atom
A/B/C/D Element/compound
or mixture
Contains more than one type of
atom chemically bonded
A/B/C/D lement/compound
or mixture

Covalent Bonding – Draw on the electrons to


Ionic Bonding – Draw the ions for the following show bonding
Hydrogen
Diamond Graphite Chlorine

Use
Water
Oxygen
Bonding
(diagram)
Methane (CH4)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)


Properties
Subatomic Mass Charge
particle
+1
-1
0
Colour on the Periodic table
• non-metals
Match the pictures above with the words
• unreactive gases
• alkali metals are found (very reactive) below and define the words
Atoms in the same group have similar Element
properties because they have the same number
of _____________ in the outer shell.
The mass number is the total number of Compound
________ and _______.
The atomic number is the number of
__________. Mixture

Complete the sentences with the following words. (some are red herrings!) Ionic element Isotopes
sodium electron covalent chlorine chlorine sodium Na+ • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
Na- Cl+ compoundCl- the same/different numbers of protons.
Sodium chloride NaCl is a ____________. There are __________ bonds between the two Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
the same/ different numbers of electrons.
elements _________ and _________. When these atoms bond one ____________ from the
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with
___________ atom is donated to the _____________ atom. This results in 2 ions : _______ and
the same/ different numbers of neutrons.
_______.
ion Lost/ Number of
Complete the gained? electrons
electron Complete the
Mg 2+ lost 2
arrangement electron
of a boron arrangement Cl -
atom of a boron Li +
ion
O 2-
Fe 3+
Label
Periodic Table y10 Nucleon number and Proton number (LHS)
Protons neutrons Electrons (RHS)
Subatomic Mass Charge
particle
+1
-1
0

Colour on the Periodic table


• non-metals
• unreactive gases
• alkali metals are found (very reactive)
Atoms in the same group have similar properties because they have the same
number of _____________ in the outer shell. The nucleon number is the total
number of ________ and _______. The proton number is the number of
__________which is equal to the number of ________________.

Halogens
Transition metals Give two examples of halogens
Alkali Metals What are their physical
______________________________________
What do they look like? properties? Describe what they look like
_________________________ _______________________________________
______________________________________
_________________________
Why are they stored under oil? Why does reactivity decrease down the group?
_______________________________________ What are their chemical _______________________________________
properties? _____________________________________
Why does reactivity increase down the group?
_________________________
_______________________________________ _________________________
_______________________________________
Write the equation for sodium with water What are their uses?
produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen _________________________
_________________________
______________________________________
Define Rate of Reaction
Rates of Reaction y10 _______________________________________
What FOUR things cause a reaction to increase?
Explain using particle theory! Two reasons a reaction stops?
_______________________________________
1. ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________ What 2 things need to occur for a reaction to happen
3. ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________
Draw the apparatus to investigate the rate of reaction

Describe the role of light in photochemical reactions and the


effect on the rate (speed)
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Equilibrium & Breaking Bonds
Define exothermic reaction _______________________
_______________________________________________
Define endothermic reaction ______________________
_________________________________________________
Define equilibrium _______________________________
_________________________________________________
Define Dynamic ___________________________________
_________________________________________________
Exothermic/endothermic?
Amount of energy needed to break bonds less than amount of energy
released. Exothermic/endothermic

If the energy taken in to break bonds is more than the energy


released Exothermic/endothermic
Burning a fuel in air Exothermic/endothermic

Hydrogen Biofuel Nuclear fuel

2 pros

2 cons

Increasing Pressure
Increasing Concentration Increasing temperature
Rules This reaction takes place in the blast furnace:
REDOX y10 Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO ( g)  2Fe (l) + 3CO2( g)
Oxidation state of an
element is 0 The word equation for the reaction is:
Ionic compounds ……………………………………………………………………………………………
oxidation state is its It is a redox reaction, because
charge
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Hydrogen = +1
OILRIG stands for The reducing agent in this reaction is ………………………………....
Oxygen = -2
O_________ I__ L_______ o __ e_________
Oxidation states in a
R__________ I__ G_______ o__ e_________ compound = 0 Which is being oxidised and which is being reduced?
Work out the oxidation states : What is the oxidation state of:
2Mg + O2  2MgO a) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Cu in CuO ___________
Mg = ______
O = _____ Cu in Cu2O ___________ b) 2CO + O2 → 2 CO2
MgO ______ Fe in FeCl2 ___________
Has the Mg been oxidised/reduced? c) 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
Has the O been oxidised/reduced? Fe in FeCl3 ___________

d) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
Electrolysis y10 Chemical Uses
What is a conductor? ____________________________
What is an insulator? ___________________________ Sodium
Why are the only solids that conduct are metals chloride
and graphite ___________________________________
________________________________________________ Chlorine
Why do ionic substances only conduct when
molten/dissolved
Hydrogen
Electrolysis
Define electrolysis _______________________
______________________________________
Sodium
4 uses of electrolysis _____________________ hydroxide
______________________________________
RULES FOR ELECTROLYSIS
At cathode (-), either a metal/hydrogen forms Electrolysis of Brine
• If a metal is more reactive than hydrogen its ions stay in
Ionic equation at cathode
solution and hydrogen bubbles off
• If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen the metal forms. ___________________________
Ionic equation at anode
At anode (+) a non-metal other than hydrogen
forms. ___________________________
• If it is a concentrated solution of a halide then halogens
form. Test for chlorine
_______________
• If the halide solution is dilute /no halide oxygen forms.

Electrolysis of copper with copper electrodes


Match the keyword Ionic equation at cathode ___________________________
Anode negative ions Ionic equation at anode ___________________________
Cathode liquid which conducts electricity
Anions positive electrode Electrolysis of copper with inert electrodes
Cations Positive ions Ionic equation at cathode ___________________________

Negative electrode Ionic equation at anode ___________________________


Electrolyte
Gas Calculations
Moles y10 What volume does 0.25moles of a gas occupy at rtp?
1 mole occupies 24 dm3
Avagadro’s constant is 6.02x1023 so 0.25 moles occupies 0.25 x 24 dm3 = 6 dm3
So 0.25 moles of any gas occupies 6dm3 at rtp.

Q 3 What volume of nitrogen reacts with 10 kg of hydrogen to form


ammonia?
Atom calculations N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ® 2 NH3(g)
How many atoms of carbon are in a 10 g diamond
Moles = mass/RMM = 10/12= 0.833 moles Q4 What volume of oxygen reacts with 510 g of ammonia?
1 moles = 6.02x1023 0.833 x 6.02x1023 = 5.02x1023 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) ® 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g)

Q1 What mass of silicon contains 1.25x1022 silicon atoms

Q2 What mass of titanium contains 1.204x1024 atoms


Concentrations
Solution A contains 2.5g copper sulphate in 1dm3 of water
Solution B contains 125g copper sulphate in 0.5dm3 water
What mass of aluminium oxide is produced when 135 g of Change the mass to moles.
aluminium is burned in oxygen? Mr of copper sulphate is 250
2 Al + 3 O2  Al2O3
Solution A : 2.5g = 0.01 moles 1dm3 there are 0.01 moles/dm3

What mass of iodine is produced when 7.1 g of chlorine Solution B : 125g in 0.5dm3, which is 250g in 1dm3 =1 moles/dm3 = 1M
reacts with excess potassium iodide? Q5 What is the concentration of a solution containing.
Cl2 + 2 KI  2 KCl + I2 a) 4 moles in 2 dm3 of solution
b) 0.3 moles in 200cm3 of solution

For each of the following compounds the Mr and the empirical formula is Q6 The Mr of sodium hydroxide is 40. How many grams of sodium
shown. Work out the molecular formula of each compound. hydroxide are in
a) 500cm3 of a molar solution
1. empirical formula = CH3 Mr = 30 b) 25cm3 of a 0.5M solution
2. empirical formula = NH3 Mr = 17
3. empirical formula = CH2 Mr = 98
4. empirical formula = CH Mr = 78
Calculate the percentage of the elements shown in the following compounds:
C in CO N in (NH4)2SO4
O in Al(OH)3 O in Na2CO3.10H2O
Behaviour of Metals y10
Where are metals found in the periodic table? __________________

Name 5 properties of metals _________________________________


_________________________________________________________

Chemical properties of metals________________________________


________________________________________________________

Draw a picture of an alloy What is an alloy?


___________________
______________________

Why does aluminium not rust? ______________________________


_______________________________________________________
Explain 2 ways you can protect iron from rusting?
_______________________________________________________
Iron reduces copper oxide (OIL RIG) _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Equation
Fe (s) + CuO (s)  FeO (s) + Cu(s)

Half equations __________________________________


_________________________________

Ionic equations _________________________________

Thermal Decomposition Reactions


_____________  Oxide + carbon dioxide (except Na &K)

_____________  Oxide + Water (except Na & K)

_____________  Oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen (except Na & K)


Extraction of metals from the ores
USES of METALS y10 Label on the right  Which ones are extracted by
Name two uses of aluminium? ______________________________ electrolysis, which are found naturally and which are
_______________________________________________________ burnt with carbon and reduced
Two uses of copper ? _____________________________________ Ores
Two uses of zinc? _____________________________________ What is haematite ? ______________________
What is bauxite? _________________________
Name the uses of mild steel ________________________________
Name the uses of stainless steel _____________________________ Extracting zinc
_______________________________________________________ How do you extract zinc from zinc blende?
Name the uses of copper related to its properties ______________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________
Label the blast furnace
Name an iron ore used in the
blast furnace.
_________________________
Name two substances that are
mixed with iron ore
___________________________
_______________________
Name one of the gases leaving
the blast furnace.
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Name two substances which
react together to produce most
of the energy required to heat
the furnace to 1400C
___________________________
_____________________ What
impurities are found and how are
they removed.
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
AIR and WATER Y11 Seperation of air
You can separate gases from air by fractional distillation.
What is the equation for respiration ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
2 uses of oxygen _______________________________________
What is the equation for combustion 2 uses of nitrogen _______________________________________
2 uses of noble gases _______________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Water treatment
What is the equation for photosynthesis Add the labels chlorination (kill bacteria)
coagulant sand filters and charcoal add air
_______________________________________________________

What is thermal decomposition?

_______________________________________________________

What is the composition of air? Define solution_________________________________


Define solvent _________________________________
Complete the pie chart for oxygen, Define soluble_________________________________
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other 2 tests for water?
gases ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Name 4 pollutants in air
_______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________

Rusting
What 2 conditions are needed for rusting? _______________________

Write and equation __________________________________________

How can you stop rusting _____________________________________


__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Thermal decomposition
Non-Metals Y11 Define Thermal decomposition ______________________________
Making fertilisers
2 Uses of Calcium oxide ____________________________________
Element What it is used for? What is the equation for calcium oxide when it reacts with water?
________________________________________________________
Nitrogen _______________________________________
Limestone
Phosphorous _______________________________________ Formula of Limestone? ___________________________________
2 uses of limestone _____________________________________
Potassium _______________________________________
Formula of Lime _______________________________________
2 uses of lime ________________________________________
Formula of Slaked Lime ___________________________________
2 uses of Slaked Lime ____________________________________
Equations for making fertilisers

Ammonia + nitric acid  __________________

________ + Sulphuric acid  ammonium _________

Ammonia + ___________ acid  _________ phosphate

Potassium hydroxide + nitric acid  potassium ____ +water

Ammonium chloride + calcium hydroxide calcium chloride + water + _______

Haber Process
What does the Haber process make? ______________________
What is the equation ? __________________________________

Where does the nitrogen come from? ______________________


Where does the hydrogen come from? _____________________

3 conditions for the Haber Process? _______________________


_____________________________________________________
Organic Chemistry Y11 Cracking
Difference between alkanes and alkenes What is cracking? __________________________________________
__________________________________________________ _______________________ ________________________________
__________________________________________________ What conditions are needed for cracking?
What can you use to test if something is an alkane or alkene? ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ What is a hydrocarbon? _____________________________________

Combustion
What is combustion? ________________________________________
Equation for Complete Combustion
________________________________________________________
Equation for Incomplete Combustion
Two ways to make alcohol ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Fractional Distillation
The crude oil enters the column at the _________ where it is extremely
________. Here the different fractions _________ and evaporates. The higher
they rise the _________ they become. When they _________ enough they
will turn back to _________. The fractions can be collected at the __________
of the column. Fractions with ___________ boiling points are found at the
bottom. Ones with _________ boiling points are found at the top.
Match up the following
Polymers Y11

5 uses of plastics
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
______________________
5 properties of plastics
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
_____________________

How can plastics be disposed of


__________________________
________________________
Acids and Bases Y10 Zinc reacts with oxygen. Zinc oxide is made.
What are the reactants?________ ________
What is the product?_____________
Complete the word equation for this reaction
___________+ ____________ __________ ________

2Zn + O2 2ZnO


How many Zinc and Oxygen atoms are on the left-hand side?
Zn ______ 0_______
How many Zinc and Oxygen atoms are on the right-hand side?
Zn ______ O______
Reactions with Acids. Complete the equations Is this equation balanced? Yes/No
Acid+ metal  salt + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + _________  magnesium chloride + hydrogen pH Colour with Acid Alkali, neutral?
_________ acid + zinc  zinc sulfate + Hydrogen Universal
Acid + metal oxide  salt + water indicator
Acid + metal hydroxide  salt + water 2
Nitric acid + copper oxide- ___________ ___________ + water Purple Strong Alkali
Sulphuric acid + ________ _______  zinc sulfate + water 7 Red
___________acid + sodium hydroxide  sodium chloride + ______
Acid+ metal carbonate  salt + water + carbon dioxide 8 Blue
Hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate ______ ________ + water + 14 Green
___________ ____________
Acids have pHs of _____ to _____
Bases (soluble alkalis) have pHs of _______ to ______.
Which gas What do you do? What happens?
Neutral is pH _______
Gives a squeaky pop Indicators are used to….

Bubble through
limewater
Complete the equation for a neutralisation reaction:
Oxygen Acid+ Alkali  ________ + _________

Tick which of the following are real uses of neutralisation reactions.


 Indigestion tablets (neutralising stomach acid)
 In cars (neutralising battery acid)
 On fish and chips (vinegar is an acid)
 In Gardening (Neutralising acidic soils)
 In Lakes (Neutralising lakes which have become acidic due to acid rain
Ion tested Solution added colour
In the Lab Y11 Barium chloride + dilute
hydrochloric acid
Chloride (Cl–) A white precipitate
Metal Colour of flame
Copper
Copper

Lilac zinc

Lithium Sodium hydroxide White precipitate in NaOH, which dissolves


in excess
Brick-red Sodium hydroxide with
Sodium aluminium foil and heat
Iron(III), (Fe3+(aq))
Barium
Hydrochloric acid Bubbles of carbon dioxide are given off.
2+
Iron(II) (Fe (aq))

Colourless precipitate

Iodide (I–)

Barium chloride + dilute A white precipitate of barium sulfate is


hydrochloric acid formed.

Metal Colour of flame


Carbon dioxide

Damp litmus gets bleached

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen