DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL ( THAPAR, DERABASSI )

Design Data
UNITS Table-1
1 Height of Earth to be Retained 1.65 m Soil µ
2 Angle of Repose, φ 30 DEGREE Coarse Grained (no silt) 0.55
0.52 RADIANS
3 Coeff. Of Friction b/w Soil & Concrete, µ 0.45 REF. TABLE 1 Coarse Grained (silt) 0.45
4 Gross Safe Bearing Capacityof Soil 170 kN/m2 Silt 0.35
5 Unit Weight of soil, γs 18 kN/m 3
Sound Rock 0.6
6 Depth of Foundation 0.90 m
7 P.C.C Below Footing 0.075 m
8 Surcharge Angle,θ 0 DEGREE
9 Earth Pressure Coeff., Active 0.33
10 Earth Pressure Coeff., Passive 3.0
11 Total Height of Retaining Wall 2.48 m
Material Used
Concrete Grade M 25
Steel Grade Fe 500
Unit Weight of R.C.C 25 kN/m3
Section of Retaining Wall

Thickness of Base Slab 0.275 m

Length of Base Slab, B 1.5 m
Length of Heel Slab 1.27 m
Stem Thickness 0.23 m

Height of Wall Above Base Slab, h 2.20 m

Stability Checks Table-2

S.No Designation Force,KN Dis. from Heel,m Moment,KNm

1 Weight of Soil above Heal (W1) 50.292 0.64 31.94
2 Weight of Stem (W2) 12.650 1.39 17.52
3 Weight of Base Slab (W3) 10.313 0.75 7.73
4 Pa 18.377 0.83 15.16

Total (W) 73.25 72.351

 * Note Passive Earth Pressure Not Consireded.

Dis. Of Point of Application of Resultant Force 0.99 m

from Heel end, Z
Eccentricity e=Z-B/2 0.24 < B/6 =0.250
Eccentricity less then B/6, so there is no uplifting, Hence Safe

Extreme Earth Pressure at the Base, W/B(1±6e/B)

Minimum Pressure 2.41 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure 95.26 kN/m2
Maximum Pressure less than SBC hence safe

Check for Overturn

Resisting Moment about Toe, Mr 37.53 KNm
Overturning Moment about Toe, Mo 15.161 KNm
Factor of Safety against Overturning, 0.9*Mr/Mo 2.2279453
Factor of Safety greater than 1.4 hence safe

Check for Sliding

Resisting Force Due to Overlying Weight, µW 32.964525 KN
Sliding Force, Pa (Active Pressure Force) 18.38 KN
Coefficient of Sliding Friction, Fs 1.61 KN
Factor of Safety greater then 1.4 hence safe
Design of Vertical Stem

Height of Cantilever above Base, h 2.200 m

B.M at Base 8.451 KNm/m
Bending Moment (Factored), Mu 12.676 KNm/m
Clear Cover 50 mm
Effective Depth, deff 180 mm

1 Chech for Depth

Depth Required from B.M 60.615 mm

Depth Required is less than Depth Provided hence OK

2 Calculation of Steel
Mu/bd2 0.391
Required Percentage of Steel 0.094% (FROM SP-16 )
Ast Required 169.2 mm /m 2

Diameter of Bar 10 mm
Area of Bar 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing of 10 Dia Bars 464 mm C/C
Provide 10 mm Dia Bars @ 300 mm C/C

3 Required Distribution Steel: 276 mm2/m

Diameter of Bar 8 mm
Area of Bar 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing of 8 Dia Bars 182 mm C/C
Provide 8 mm Dia Bars @ 250 mm C/C near each face

4 Calculation of Steel at Outer Face

Provide min. % of Steel at Outer Face

Required Percentage of Steel 0.12%
Ast Required 216 mm2/m
Diameter of Bar 10 mm
Area of Bar 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing of 10 Dia Bars 364 mm C/C
Provide 10 mm Dia Bars @ 300 mm C/C
Design of Base Slab

Pressure at outer face of Stem 95.263245 kN/m2

Pressure at the junction of Heel and Stem 81.03 kN/m2

B.M Calculations per meter width:

Crictical Section : Stem Heel junction

Load Due to Magnitude, N Distance Moment About

from c, m c, KNm

Upward Pressure
Positive iii) 3.060 0.635 1.94
Positive iv) 49.92 0.42 21.13
Downward Weight
Negative DL Heel Slab -8.731 0.635 -5.54
Soil -50.292 0.635 -31.94
Net Moment -14.40

Net Moment 14.40 KNm HOGGING

Bending Moment (Factored), Mu 21.60 KNm
Clear Cover 0.05 m
Effective Depth, deff 0.225 m
Mu/bd2 0.427
Required Percentage of Steel, p 0.11%
Ast Required 252 mm2
Diameter of Bar 10 mm
Area of Bar 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing of 10 Dia Bars 311.7 mm C/C
Provide 10 Dia Bars @ 150 mm C/C (AT BOT.)

DISTRIBUTION STE 330 mm2/m

Diameter of Bar 10 mm
Area of Bar 78.54 mm2
Required Spacing of 10 Dia Bars 238.00 mm C/C
Provide 10 Dia Bars @ 200 mm C/C
STEM

W3
PROVISION OF PILES UNDER RETAINING BASE

Site Condition at the Location of Boundary Wall is such that the Adjoining Land is lowlying and Regular
Erosion of Soil Takes place specifically during rains. In an earlier event the same retaining wall had fallen
as the soil below the retaining foundation had eroded thereby leading to overturning of the wall.

So it is proposed to provided piles under the base so that in an event of erosion of soil under the footing
shall not render the retaining unsafe and leading to failure

Design Basis for selection of pile configuration

Minimum Pressure under Base = 2.41 kN/m2

Maximum Pressure under Base = 95.26 kN/m2

Average Pressure under Base = 49 kN/m2

Width of Base Footing 1.5 m

Force / Metre under Retaining Wall 73.2545 kN/m

Adopt a Pile Footing of Dia 300 mm ( Single Underreamed) and length of 4 m

Capacity of Pile ( Table 1 : IS 2911, Part 3 ) 18.3 Ton

( Compression )

Capacity of Pile ( Table 1 : IS 2911, Part 3 ) 9.75 Ton

( Uplift )

Pile Arrangement suggested is Alternate Pile Under Stem and Heel so as to achieve minimum
pile distance of 3 times the dia for fully effective pile capacity in group within given footing width

Since Settlement under Stem Side can lead to Uplifting on Heel Side, Average Pile Value
of Compession and Uplift has been used for Design to be on Conservative Side

Average Capacity of Pile 14.025 Ton

Required Spacing of Pile 1.91 m

Provide Piles at a spacing of 1.625 m alternatively on Heel & Stem Side