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Part-01
Topic-Four Properties of ‫اسم‬
1. There are 3 types of words in Arabic:
 ٌ‫اِ ْسم‬:
A. Person, Place, Thing, Idea, adjective, adverb and more.
B. It doesn't have any tense problem
C. It makes sense
D. Its permanent
E. Example: Muhammad, Makkah, Turban, Islam, pious,
Slowly...........................
 ٌ‫ ِف ْعل‬:
A. It has tense problem
B. Add an subject if it makes an sentence then it is a Fi'l
C. Its temporary
D. Example: Eat-Ate-Eaten-will Eat- Eats-Eating
‫ف‬
ٌ ‫ َح ْر‬:
A. Doesn't make any sense unless an Ism or Fi'l come before it.
B. Example: to, in, at...................
2. Ism has 4 parts :
ٌ ‫ (ا َ ا ِْلع َار‬:
I. Status)‫ب‬
A. Has to do with the role an ism is playing in a sentence
B. An ism can have 3 statuses
C. Raf"a)‫(رفع‬: َ Doer.
The one who or which carries out the action.
Ex: Brother of mine helped him.
 Identify the action and ask it who or which did the action
the answer will be the doer.
 It is default
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 Marf"u )‫((مرفوع‬i.e. in the raf'a status)

D. Nasb )‫(نصب‬:
 Details. The additional information about the Fi'l. Ex:
Brother of mine helped him.
 Mansub)‫( (منصوب‬i.e. in the Nasb status)
E. Jarr)‫(جر‬ ّ :
 After of. Ex: Brother of mine helped him.
 Majrur)‫( (مجرور‬i.e. in the Jarr status)
 How to tell status :
Memorize the Muslim Muslimah chart.
Plural Dual Singular Masculine
ٌَ‫مسلمان مسلمون‬
ٌِ ٌ‫مسلم‬ Raf'a
ٌَ‫مسلمٌْين‬
ِ ٌِ ‫مسلمٌا مسل ٌَمٌْي‬
‫ن‬ Nasb
ٌَ‫مسلمٌْين‬
ِ ٌِ ‫مسلمٌ مسل َمٌْي‬
‫ن‬ Jarr

Plural Dual Singular Feminine

ٌ‫مسلمات‬ ٌِ َ ‫مسلمةٌ مسلمٌت‬
‫ان‬ Raf'a
ٌ‫مسلمات‬ ٌِ َ‫مسلمةٌ مسلمت‬
‫ين‬ Nasb
ٌ‫مسلمات‬ ٌِ َ‫مسلمةٌ مسل َمت‬
‫ين‬ Jarr
 Sp. Note : You should look for combination first then the
sound.
 Muslim Muslimah chart practice in AWH status (02)
 Light vs. Heavy :
 Heavy:
a. It is default.
b. All ism in Muslim Muslimah is heavy.
c. Heavy means the ending extra "N" sound.
d. All fully flexible words are heavy
 Light:
a. Light means to remove the extra "N" sound
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b. Either remove the Tanwin or remove the nun at the end.

c. All partly flexible words are light
d. There are 3 reason to make an ‫ اسم‬light:
 ‫مضاف‬
 Partly flexible words
 ‫( الٌالنافيةٌللجنس‬absolute negation)
 Watch in Light Muslim Muslimah chart.
Plural Dual Singular Masculine
‫مسلمٌ مسل ٌَما مسلمٌو‬ Raf'a
‫مسلمي‬
ِ ‫مسل ٌَما مسل ٌَمي‬ Nasb
‫مسلمي‬ِ ‫مسلم مسل َمي‬
ٌِ Jarr

Plural Dual Singular Feminine

ٌ‫مسلمات‬ ‫مسلمٌت َا‬ ٌ‫مسلمة‬ Raf'a
ٌِ ‫مسلما‬
‫ت‬ ‫مسلمتَي‬ َ‫مسلم ٌة‬ Nasb
ٌِ ‫مسلما‬
‫ت‬ ‫مسل َمتَي‬ ‫مسلم ٌِة‬ Jarr

 Sp. Note: the discussion of heavy and light become

irrelevant if there is an AL before it. AL doesn't like
Tanwin.
 Flexibility:
a. The discussion of flexibility only pertains to words that have
an ENDING SOUND.
b. There are three forms of flexibility. They are
i. Fully Flexible:
 3 status have 3 unique ending.
 Have Tanwin
 Maximum words in Arabic.
 They are heavy.
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 If an ‫ اسم‬took ‫ كسرة‬then most possible it is an fully

flexible.
ii. Non Flexible:
 3 status have same ending
 ‫ اسم ٌاالشارة‬and ‫اسم ٌموصول‬,ٌ ‫ موسى‬,‫ عيسى‬ending with
Alif Maqsurahٌ)‫(ى‬, and Mamdudahٌ)‫(اء‬
iii. Partly Flexible:
 3 status have 2 unique ending
 Don't have Tanwin.
 They are light.
 Nasb and Jarr are same.
 Never show Kasrah at the end except:
 By adding an AL
 By making it Mudaf which is Majrur
 Some tips to identify partly flexible:
 Non Arab names: only four Arab
prophets are mention in the Quran and their
names are fully flexibleٌ ،‫ ٌصالح‬،‫ٌهود‬
ْ ،‫(مح ّمد‬
)‫شعيب‬, two prophets names are non flexibleٌ
ٌ )‫ موسى‬,‫ (عيسى‬and two prophets names are
the exception of non Arab rule and their
names consists of three lettersٌ )‫ ٌنوح‬،‫(لوط‬,
except them all prophets names are partly
flexible because they are non Arab.1
 Feminine names and uniquely Masculine
names: all feminine names are partly
flexible and some masculine namesٌ ،‫ٌ(حمزة‬

1
Exception rule: Three-letters names with a Sukoon on the middle letter are always fully flexible, even if they are
non Arab names.
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)‫ٌعثمان‬،‫ عمر‬are also partly flexible. Footnote

exception work again.
 Proper names of places: proper names of
places are also partly flexible and the
exception works again. Some places have ‫ال‬
on it and they are fully flexible.)‫ٌالهند‬،‫ٌ(العراق‬
 Flexibility practice in AWH status (07)
II. )‫ (الجنس‬Gender:
A. In Arabic there are two types of gender.
B. Masculine gender is called)‫ٌٌٌٌ(مذ ّكر‬
C. Feminine gender is called)‫(مونث‬
D. We have to remember some feminine characteristic and if it
doesn't match with the word then it obviously masculine.
E. There are six categories of feminine gender. They are:
i. BIOLOGICALLY Feminine: This refers to words that are
feminine by nature.
ii. Ending Sign of Feminine:
ٌ)‫ة‬-‫اء‬-‫ (ى‬This rule has also some exception.
iii. Body Parts In Pairs:
Lip=ٌ‫شفَة‬
َ Ear=ٌ‫أذن‬ Hand=ٌ‫يد‬
Foot=ٌ‫قَدَم‬ Leg=ٌ‫ِر ْجل‬ Eye=ٌ‫عين‬َ
Shin=ٌ‫ساق‬ Cheek=ٌ‫خد‬ Elbow=ٌ‫ِمرفق‬
Ankle=ٌ‫َك ْعب‬ Heel=ٌ‫ع ِقب‬َ Shoulder=ٌ‫َمنكب‬
iv. Specific Names Of Places: Most specific names of
places are considered as feminine but it has some
exception also.
v. Non-Human Plural: All non human plurals are
considered as feminine. For example: Books, pens cars
etc. Human broken plural can also be considered as
feminine singular.
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vi. The Arab Said So)‫(مونّث سماعي‬: There are some words
which are feminine because the Arab considered them
as feminine. They are:
Land)‫ٌٌٌٌٌ(أ َ ْرض‬ Warٌ‫حرب‬
Wind)‫(ٌريح‬ ِ ٌٌٌٌٌٌ ٌٌSkyٌ‫سماء‬
Wellٌ‫بِـْٔر‬ Sunٌ‫شمس‬
Houseٌ‫دار‬ Personٌ‫نفس‬
Cupٌ‫كأْس‬ Fireٌ‫نار‬
Wineٌ‫خمر‬ Bucketٌ‫دلو‬
Hellfireٌ‫جهنّم‬ Pathٌ‫سبيل‬
Hellfireٌ‫سعيْر‬َ Pathٌ‫طريق‬
Staff‫عصا‬
 Gender practice AWH gender (p.3)
 Gender drill
III. Number)‫(العدد‬:
A. In Arabic there are 3 types of number. They are:
 Singular )‫(م ْف َرد‬
 Dual )‫(مثَنّى‬
 Pluralٌ)‫ٌٌٌٌٌٌٌ( َجمع‬
B. When it comes to plural; however there are 4 types:
 The Sound Masculine Plural)‫ٌ(الجمعٌالمذ ّكرٌالسالم‬:
a. ‫مسلمين‬-‫مسلمون‬
b. It used for ‫( عقل‬intellectual: humans, angels and
jinns)
c. Both Men and Women
d. Considered as: Masculine and Plural (They (M)
are.)
 The Sound Feminine Plural)‫ (الجمع المونث السالم‬:
a. ٌ‫ٌمسلمات‬-ٌٌ‫مسلمات‬
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b. When it sounds like feminine either it is Human

feminine plural or Non-Human feminine plural
c. It used for )‫عقل(مسلمات)ٌ&ٌغيرٌعقل(سيّارات‬
d. When used for ‫ عقل‬then only used for Women
e. ‫ عقل‬treated as they (feminine plural) and ‫ع ِقل‬ َ
َ ٌ ‫غيْر‬
treated as she (feminine singular)
 The Broken Plural )‫ (الجمع تكسير‬:
a. When it's come to broken plural you have to ask
whether it Human broken plural or Non-Human
broken plural
b. Two types of Broken plural:
c. ‫ عقل‬Considered as: Masculine & Plural (They) OR
Feminine & Singular (She)
d. ٌ‫ غيرٌعقل‬Considers as: Feminine & Singular(She)
e. There are 2 types of non-human broken plural:
 Broken: already discussed
 Regular: ending (‫ت‬ ٌِ ‫ا‬-ٌ‫ات‬-ٌ‫ات‬-ٌ‫ )ات‬normally
treated as Feminine plural but can be treated
as Feminine singular.(ٌ‫ نَبَات‬- plants)
 The Plural By Meaning )‫(اسم جمع‬:
a. Collective noun
b. Considered as: Masculine & Plural
c. Some collective nouns:
Nation )‫ٌ(قوم‬
Generation )‫(قَ ْرن‬
An argumentative groupٌ)‫صر‬ ْ ‫ٌ( َخ‬
Army )‫(ج ْند‬
People )‫(ناس‬
Family )‫(أ ْهل‬
Faction )‫(ح ْزب‬ِ
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Family )‫(آل‬
 Number practice AWH number (p. 3&4)
IV. Type )‫(القسم‬:
A. There are two kinds of Type:
B. Common )‫(النّكرة‬:
a. It is default
C. Proper )‫(المعرفة‬: There are 7 categories of proper
a. The words with ‫(اْلم التعرف) ال‬
b. Specific Names )‫(اسم علم‬
c. Pronouns )‫(الضماـٔر‬
Plural Dual Singular Independentٌ ‫(الضماـٔر‬
‫المنفصلة‬
‫هم‬ ‫هما‬ ‫هو‬ ٌ‫الغاـٔب‬
ٌ‫هن‬ ‫هما‬ ‫هي‬
‫انتم‬ ‫انت انتما‬ ‫الحاضر‬
ٌّ
‫انتن‬ ‫انت انتما‬
‫نحن‬ ‫انا‬ ‫المتكلم‬

Plural Dual Singular Dependent ٌ ٔ‫(الضماـ‬

)‫المنفصلة‬
‫ ِهم‬-‫هم‬ -‫هما‬ ٌ‫ ِه‬-ٌ‫ه‬ ٌ‫الغاـٔب‬
‫ِهما‬
ٌّ ‫ ٌِه‬-ٌ‫ هن‬-‫هما‬
‫ن‬ ‫ها‬
‫ِهما‬
‫كم‬ ‫كما‬ ٌ‫َك‬ ‫الحاضر‬
ٌّ
‫كن‬ ‫كما‬ ٌِ
‫ك‬
‫نحن‬ ٌ-)‫ني(نصب‬ ‫المتكلم‬
)‫ي(جر‬
ّ
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d. Pointers )‫(اسم اْلشارة‬

e. Ism Mawsool )‫(اسم موصول‬
Pluralٌ Dualٌ Singularٌ ‫اسمٌموصول‬
ٌَ‫ال ِذيْن‬ ٌِ َ‫الذ‬/‫ذان‬
‫ين‬ ِ ‫ال‬ ٌْ ‫ال ِذ‬
‫ى‬ Masculine
ٌْ ِ‫االت‬
‫ي‬ ٌِ ‫التَي‬/‫تان‬
‫ْن‬ ِ ‫ال‬ ٌْ ِ‫الت‬
‫ي‬ Feminine

f. The one being called )ِ ‫(المنادى‬

g. If the ٌ‫ مضافٌالي‬is ‫ معرفة‬the ‫ مضاف‬is also ‫معرفة‬
 Type practice AWH type (p.2)
 Type drills
Part-01: Map
1. There are 3 kinds of words in Arabic
 ‫اسم‬
 ‫فعل‬
 ‫حرف‬
2. There are 4 parts of ‫ اسم‬:
 Status
 Number
 Gender
 Type
3. Status has 4 section:
 Form : There are 3 forms:
 Raf`a
 Nasb
 Jarr
 How to tell status: Muslim-Muslimah chart
 Light vs. Heavy
 Flexibility: There are 3 kinds of flexible words:
 Fully Flexible
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 Non-Flexible
 Partly Flexible:
 Non Arab names
 Feminine names and Uniquely Masculine names
 Proper names of places
4. There are 2 kinds of Gender:
 Masculine
 Feminine : There are 6 categories of Feminine
 Biologically Feminine
 Ending sign
 Body Parts in pairs
 Specific names of Places
 Non-Human Plural
 The Arab said so
5. There are 3 kinds of Number:
 Singular
 Dual
 Plural: There are 4 categories of Plural:
 The Sound Masculine Plural: They(M)
 The Sound Feminine Plural:
 Human : They(F)
 Non-Human: She
 The Broken Plural:
 Human: They(M) / She
 Non-Human: She
 The Plural By Meaning: They(M)
6. There are 2 kinds of Type:
 Common
 Proper: There are 7 categories of Proper:
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 ‫ال‬
 Specific names
 Pronouns
 Pointers
 Ism Mawsool
 The one being called
 If the ‫ مضافٌالي‬is proper then the ‫ مضاف‬is also proper
 Ism review
Part - 02
Topic - Fragments and Noun sentence
 Fragment:
A. Fragment is more than a word and less than a sentence
B. There are two types of fragments
C. Complete fragment )‫ (مر ّكبة ٌتام‬: it is considered as sentence
)‫(جملة‬
D. Incomplete fragment )‫ (مر ّكبة ٌناقصة‬:we will learn 5
incomplete fragment, they are:
I. Idhafaa )‫( اْلضفة‬
i. There are 2 parts of ‫االضفة‬
ii. ‫ مضاف‬:
a. Before "of"
b. In Bangla without "ra"
c. Must be light
d. No ٌ‫ال‬
iii. ‫ مضافٌاليه‬:
a. After "of"
b. In Bangla with "ra"
c. Must be ‫مجرور‬
iv. Nothing come between them
v. Attached version of pronoun in a ‫ اضافة‬is always ‫مضافٌاليه‬
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vi. If the ٌ‫ مضافٌالي‬is ‫ معرفة‬the ‫ مضاف‬is also ‫معرفة‬

vii. ‫ اضافة‬chain:
a. When so many ‫ اضافة‬come together
b. The first one will be ‫مضاف‬
c. The last one will be ‫مضافٌاليه‬
d. Between them all will be ‫ٌجار‬+ٌ‫مضاف‬
e. Special ‫ مضاف‬:2
Between = َ‫ َبيْن‬- In front of =‫ ا َمما‬- Above= َ‫ فَ ْوق‬- Arounding/surroundingٌٌ
=‫ َح ْو َل‬- Behind=‫ف‬ َ ‫ خ َْل‬- Under=‫ت‬ َ ‫ تَ ْح‬- With/ at/ by=َ‫ ِع ْند‬- Right in front of
َ ‫ قَد‬- Before=‫ قَ ْب َل‬- With/ in support of=‫ َم َع‬- Far behind=‫ َو َرا َء‬- After=َ‫ َب ْعد‬-
=‫ام‬
Especially from=‫ ِم ْنٌلَد ْن‬- In the presence of=‫لَدَى‬ -
Besides/other than/less than= َ‫دون‬
i. Special ‫ مضاف‬are called ‫ظرف‬
ii. All of them remains ‫ منصوب‬unless any ‫حرف ٌجار‬
make it ‫مجرور‬
....................‫ٌمنٌجل ِف ِه ْم‬:‫خلف‬ َ
iii. Some Special ‫ مضاف‬doesn't denotes time or place
)‫ (ظرف‬and can appear in any status. There are 6
Special ‫مضاف‬
Some of=‫ بَ ْعد‬Any, which=‫ اَي‬All, each, every=‫كل‬
Like=‫ِمثْل‬ The same=‫ نَفس‬Other than,
non=‫غٌْير‬ َ
iv. 5 ‫ اسم‬has unique status
Father - ‫ى‬ ٌْ ِ‫ٌاَب‬-‫ٌاَبَا‬-‫ٌٌا َب ٌْو‬-ٌ‫اَب‬
Brother - ‫ي‬ ٌْ ‫ٌا َ ِخ‬-‫ٌاخَا‬-‫ٌٌا َخو‬-ٌ‫اَخ‬
Father in law- ‫مي‬ ٌْ ‫ َح‬-‫ َحما‬-‫ٌ َحمو‬-ٌ‫َحم‬
2
‫ كل‬is a special ‫ مضاف‬it gives different meaning according to the Number and Type of ‫مضاف اليه‬
i. SINGULAR AND COMMON: Each and Every
‫ كل مسجد‬- Each and every Masjid
ii. SINGULAR AND PROPER: the ENTIRE
‫ كل المسجد‬- the entire masjid
iii. PLURAL AND PROPER: ALL OF
‫ كل المساجد‬- all of the masjid.
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Mouth-ٌ‫ٌف ْي‬-‫ٌفا‬-‫ٌفو‬-ٌ‫فَم‬
Possessor of - ‫ت‬ ٌَ َ‫ذ‬-ٌ‫ذات‬-‫ي‬
ٌِ ‫ذا‬-‫ات‬ ٌْ ‫ ٌِذ‬-ٌ‫ٌ ٌذَا‬-‫ذ ٌْو‬
 AWH fragment idhafaa p.2
 Idhafaa drills
 Sp Mudhaf
 Sp Mudhaf drills
II. Jarr & Majrur )‫(الجار و المجرور‬:
a. There are 17 ‫حورفٌالجار‬
b. With )‫(ب‬َ , I swear by Allah )‫(ت‬ َ , like(comparison))‫(ك‬ َ ٌ,
for (possession))‫ ( َل‬, I swear by)‫(و‬ َ , from )‫ (من‬, In)‫ (في‬,
about/away from)‫ (عن‬, on/upon/against)‫ (على‬,
to/towards)‫ (الى‬, until)‫ (حتّٰى‬, since)‫ (م ْذ‬, since/for)ٌ‫ (م ْنذ‬,
maybe)‫ (رب‬except )‫(خال‬,except )‫(حاشا‬,except )‫(عدا‬.
c. ‫ل‬
ٌَ (for) takes ‫ فتحة‬when attached to pronoun but takes
‫ كسرة‬when attached to anything else. Exception is ‫ي‬
(my).
d. Nothing come between ‫حرفٌجارٌوٌمجرور‬
e. The victim of ٌ‫ حرفٌجار‬become ‫مجرور‬
 Harf of Jarr p.3
 Harf of Jarr drills
III. Harf of nasb & its victim )‫(حرف نصب و اسمها‬:
a. There are 8 ‫ حرفٌنصب‬:
Certainly )‫(اِن‬
That )‫(اَن‬
As though )‫(كاَن‬
َ َ‫(ل‬
If only )‫يت‬
However )‫( َل ِكن‬
So that/hopefully/maybe)‫ (لعل‬,
Because )‫( ِباَن‬
Because )‫(الَن‬ ِ
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b. ٌ‫ٌاِنّ ْي‬/‫ٌ ِن ْيٌ=ٌ ِانّ ِن ْي‬+ٌ‫اِن‬

‫ٌاِنا‬/ٌ‫ٌناٌ=ٌاِنّنا‬+ٌ‫اِن‬
c. It is possible to have other words in between
 Harf of Nasb p.2
 Harf of Nasb drills
IV. Mawsoof & Sifah )‫(الموصوف و الصفة‬:
a. There are 2 parts
b. In English first one is adjective & second one is Noun
c. In Arabic first one is ‫ & الموصوف‬second one is ‫الصفة‬
d. ‫ صفة‬must be matched in all four properties according to
‫موصوف‬.
e. Attributes of Allah appear in the Quran is not ‫ صفة‬as though
it match in all four properties.
Ex: ٌ‫غ ِنىٌحميد‬ َ ٌ‫ّللا‬
ّ
 Mawsoof Sifah p. 1-4
 Mawsoof Sifah drills
V. Pointers )‫(اسم اشارة و مشار اليه‬:
a. There are 2 parts
b. Pointing word )‫(اسمٌاشارة‬
c. The thing being pointed )‫(مشارٌاليه‬
d. Nothing come between them
e. Both of them must match in all four properties
f. The ‫ مشارٌاليه‬must have an ‫ ال‬on it

Plural Dual singular Near )‫(قريب‬

‫هؤالء‬ ‫هذين‬/‫هذان‬ ‫هذا‬ Masculine
‫هؤالء‬ ‫هتين‬/‫هتان‬ ‫هذه‬ Feminine

Plural Dual Singular Far )‫(بعيد‬

‫اوالءك‬ ‫ذاينك‬/‫ذانك‬ ‫ذلك‬ Masculine
 Page 15 of 48

‫اوالءك‬ ‫تاينك‬/‫تانك‬ ‫تلك‬ Feminine

g. If the ‫ٌحرفٌنصبٌ&ٌمضاف‬،‫ جار‬is for ‫ اسمٌاشارة‬then ‫ ٌاسمٌاشارة‬will
be right after them.
h. If the ‫ ٌحرف ٌنصب ٌ& ٌمضاف‬،‫ جار‬is for other ‫ اسم‬then ‫ٌاسم ٌاشارة‬
will come later.
Ex: ٌَ‫ٌاِنٌهذاٌالقران‬.١
ٌٌٌٌٌٌ‫ٌمنٌهذهٌالقرية‬.٢
ٌٌٌٌ‫ٌبيتٌذلكٌالرجل‬.٣
ٌٌٌٌٌٌ‫ٌفيٌعام ِهمٌهذا‬.
ِ ٤
In this years of theirs...........
ٌ‫ ِب َو ِرقِك ْمٌ َه ِذ ِه‬.٥
With these silver coin of yours………….
 Pointers p.2-3
 Pointers drills
 Connectors )‫(حروف عطف‬:
a. We will learn here about ‫ ٌو‬in Arabic
b. The word before ‫ حرفٌعطف‬is called ‫معطف‬
c. The word after ‫ حرفٌعطف‬is called ‫معطفٌعلىه‬
ٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌ‫هللاٌوٌالرسل‬
ٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌ‫ٌحرفٌعطف‬:‫الواو‬
‫ٌمعطوفٌعلىٌلفظٌالجاللة‬:‫الرسول‬
 Pronoun p.3
 Pronoun drills
 Fragments review drills
 Noun Sentence )‫ (الجملة اسمية‬:
A. If a sentence begin with ‫ اسم‬then it is called ‫ الجملةٌفعلة‬. There
are some exception.
B. The most important thing in Noun sentence is to find out
the invisible 'is'.
i. Break In Chain:
 Page 16 of 48

It is the Golden Rule. If you find no fragment

connection in a sentence then it will be a break. A
sentence can have many break but the first break will
be considered for the invisible 'is'.
ii. Independent pronoun: ‫هو‬- HE IS
iii. After pointer without ‫ ال‬:
ٌ‫ٌكتاب‬/‫ هذا‬- This IS a book.
v. After ‫ حرف نصب و اسمها‬: Is comes always after ‫اسمها‬
vi. Between proper and common:
ٌ‫اكبر‬/‫ هللا‬- Allah IS greater.
C. Labeling )‫ (اعرب الجملة اْلسمية‬:
Noun sentence made up of 3 parts.
a. ‫ المبتداء‬:
 Subject
 before is
 The first ‫ اسم‬in the ‫ رفع‬status
 Wherever you find ‫ حرفٌنصبٌواسمها‬that is ‫مبتداء‬
b. ‫ الخبر‬:
 Object
 after is
 The second ‫ اسم‬in the ‫ رفع‬status
c. ‫ المتعلقٌبالخبر‬:
 ‫جارٌمجرور‬
 ‫ٌمضافٌ(ظرف)ٌومضافٌاليه‬
D. Abnormal sentence :
‫ مقدم‬- Brought Forward
‫ موخر‬- Delayed
Natural structure of sentence:
ٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌ‫ٌالمتعلقٌبالخبر‬-ٌ‫ٌالخبر‬-ٌ‫المبتداء‬
2 common abnormal patterns:
 Page 17 of 48

a. ‫ٌالمبتداء‬-ٌ‫ المتولقٌبالخبر‬:
 Exclusivity, Alone )‫(الخصاص‬
 Common ‫ مبتداء‬:
We know that ‫ مبتداء‬is always Proper. To make
‫ مبتداء‬common we have to do ‫ مبتداء ٌموخر‬and
‫ متاعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدم‬. No ‫ بالغة‬implication.
b. ‫ٌالخبر‬-ٌ‫ٌالمتعلقٌبالخبر‬-ٌ‫ المبتداء‬:
 This can produce a variety of meaning according
to context. There are 2 possibilities:
 ٌ‫( التوكيد‬Emphasis)
 ‫( االهتمام‬Giving importance of showing interest )
E. 'He has' & 'There is':
There are 2 structures in Arabic where abnormal sentence structure used.
These structure are used in ordinary speech and not for rhetorical
purposes. They are:
1) He has- Possession
There are 2 templates:
Both sentence structures-‫ٌمبتداءٌموخر‬-‫المتعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدّم‬
i. Default possession:
 )‫ٌلٌ(جار‬-‫ متعلقٌبالخبر‬- The owner of the item
 ‫ مبتداءٌموخر‬- The item that is owned.
ii. Closeness possession:
 )‫ ٌعند ٌ(ظرف‬-‫ متعلق ٌبالخبر‬- The owner of the
item
 ‫ مبتداءٌموخر‬- The item that is owned.
 This template is used for closeness but does
not imply permanent possession.
2) There is:
There are 2 templates
 Page 18 of 48

 ‫ٌمبتداءٌموخر‬-ٌ‫ متعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدم‬-
 Modern standard Arabic:
‫ٌمتعلقٌبالخبر‬-ٌ‫ٌمبتداءٌنكرة‬-ٌ‫هناك‬
َ
F. Complex sentence:
i. In a Noun sentence the ‫ خبر‬can have a full ٌ ‫جملة‬
‫اسمية‬
ٌ‫ هذاٌهوٌالحق‬- This, it IS the truth.3
ii. It is possible to have multiple ‫ خبر‬with out ٌ‫حرف‬
‫ عطف‬in a Noun sentence.
 Noun sentence p.1-2
 Noun sentence drills
 AWH unit 5 ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬drills
Part-02: Map:
1. There are 2 kinds of Fragments :
 Complete
 Incomplete
2. There are 5 kinds of incomplete fragments:
 Idhafaa:
 ‫مضاف‬
 ‫مضافٌاليه‬
 Special ‫مضاف‬
 Harf of Jarr:
 ‫جار‬
 ‫مجرور‬
 Harf of Nasb:
 ‫حرفٌنصب‬
 ‫اسمها‬

3
After ‫ اسم اشارة‬if there is ‫ ال‬then it is a fragment, but there is an exception of this rule
‫ هذا البيت‬- this house............
‫ هذا هو النيت‬- This IS THE house.
 Page 19 of 48

 Mawsoof & Sifah:

 ‫موصوف‬
 ‫صفة‬
 Pointers:
 ‫اسمٌاالشرة‬
 ‫مشارٌاليه‬
 Connectors:
 ‫حرفٌعطف‬
3. Noun sentence:
 Invisible Is:
 Break in Chain
 Independent pronoun
 After pointing word without ‫ال‬
 After Harf of Nasb and its victim
 Between Proper and Common
 Labeling:
 ‫مبتداء‬
 ‫خبر‬
 ‫متعلقٌبالخبر‬
4. Abnormal sentence:
 Normal :‫ٌمتعلقٌبالخبر‬-ٌ‫ٌخبر‬-ٌ‫مبتداء‬
 Abnormal -01 :ٌ‫ٌمبتداءٌموخر‬-ٌ‫متعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدم‬
 Abnormal- 02 :ٌ‫ٌخبرٌموخر‬-ٌ‫ٌمتعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدم‬-ٌ‫مبتداء‬
5. He has & There is :
 He has: Abnormal -01
 Default possession
 Closeness possession
 There is:
 Abnormal -01
 Page 20 of 48

 ‫نك‬ٌَ ‫( ه‬Modern Standard Arabic)

6. Complex sentence:
 ٌ‫ خبر‬can have full noun sentence
 Multiple ‫خبر‬
Part - 03
Topic - Verbs in Arabic
 ‫ فعل‬:
Every ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬have 3 parts. They are:
i. ‫ الفعل‬- the action
ii. ‫ الفاعل‬- the doer
iii. ‫ المفعول‬- the details
There are 4 types of ‫فعل‬. They are:
I. ‫ فعل ماضى‬- Past tense:
A. Chart:‫الفعل‬
‫جمع‬ ‫مثنى‬ ‫فعلٌماضى مفرد‬
‫صروا‬ َ َ‫ص َرا ن‬ َ َ‫ص ٌَر ن‬ َ َ‫الغيب ن‬
ٌَ‫ص ْرن‬ َ َ‫ص َرتا ن‬ َ َ‫ت ن‬ ٌْ ‫ص َر‬
َ َ‫ن‬
‫ص ْرت ٌْم‬َ َ‫ص ْرتما ن‬ َ َ‫ت ن‬ٌَ ‫ص ْر‬َ َ‫الحاضر ن‬
ٌ‫ص ْرتن‬ َ َ‫ص ْرتما ن‬ َ َ‫ت ن‬
ٌِ ‫ص ْر‬ َ َ‫ن‬
‫ص ْرنا‬
َ َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫ص ْرت‬ َ َ‫المتاكلم ن‬

How to translate the ‫فعل‬

 Recognize the attached pronoun and then ignore
it.
 Translate the ‫ فعل‬alone
 Lastly translate the attached pronoun with the
‫فعل‬
 AWH fil past tense 3-4 drills
 Fil past tense 4-5
B. Doer : ‫الفاعل‬
There are 2 types of ‫ فاعل‬:
 Page 21 of 48

i. Inside doer )‫ستَتِ ُر‬

‫(الضمير ال ُم ا‬
ُ :
This is the built in pronoun that every ‫فعل‬
contains.
ii. Outside doer :
This type of ‫ فاعل‬is used when the doer is
someone or something other than a pronoun (e.g.
'Muhammad' rather than 'he'.)
The rules for an outside doer are as follows:

1. It must come after ‫فعل‬

2. It must be ‫مرفوع‬
3. The ‫ فعل‬must be in either ‫ هو‬or ‫ هي‬form
4. The ‫ فعل‬will match with ‫ فاعل‬in gender
5. Not necessary to match with number
 Outside doer 1-2
 Outside doer drills
C. Details )‫ (المفعول‬:
1)The additional information about the ‫ فعل‬.
2)The status will be ‫منصوب‬
3)There are 6 types of ‫( مفاعيل‬details). They are:
i. ‫( المفعول به‬Who/ What):
 It tells you Who or What was the action
done to.
 The most common of the six details
 It can appear as a regular ‫ اسم‬or as a pronoun
attached to ‫ فعل‬.
 Remember that any pronoun attached to ‫فعل‬
is always a ‫ مفعولٌبه‬and is always ‫فيٌمحلٌنصب‬
 Page 22 of 48

ii. ‫( المفعول فيه‬When/ Where):

 It tells you When or Where the action took
place.
 It often appears as a sp. ‫ مضاف‬of time and
place.
 It can also appear as an ‫ اسم‬that denotes
time but is not a ‫مضاف‬
 When ‫ في‬appears in a ‫ جملة ٌفعلة‬that ٌ ‫جار‬
‫ مجرور‬is a ‫مفعولٌفيه‬
iii. ُ‫ المفعول له‬: (Why)
 It tells you Why the action took place.
 It often translated as 'because of' or 'out of'
 Most of the time ٌ‫ مفعولٌله‬is ‫مصدر‬
iv. ‫ المفعول المطلق‬:
It has 3 main function:
 To emphasize the action (when the ‫ مطلق‬is
a single word.)
 To describe the action (when the ‫ مطلق‬has a
‫) صفة‬
 To indicate the number of times an action
happened(when the ‫ مطلق‬has a number)
 It appears as a ‫ مصدر‬that shares the same
root letters as the ‫ٌفعل‬
v. ‫( الحال‬How):
 It tells you How the action took place
 It describe the state of doer or action
 It often translates as an adverb (angrily) or
as 'while' or 'as'
 Page 23 of 48

vi. ‫ المتعلق بالفعل‬:

 ‫ متعلق‬literally means 'related to' or
'associated with'.
 ‫ جارٌومجرور‬inٌ‫ جمالةٌفعلية‬is called ‫المتعلقٌبالفعل‬
 Ex: ‫ نظر‬always comes with ‫ الى‬which
together means 'looked at'
 Mafool drills
D. Abnormal Sentence Structure:
 Standard Structure: ‫ٌالمفعول‬-‫الفاعل‬-‫الفعل‬
 One of the rules of ‫ فاعل‬is that it have to come
after the ‫فعل‬
 Only ‫ مفعول ٌبه ٌ& ٌمتعلق ٌبالفعل‬can be shifted. They
come either before the ‫ فاعل‬or before the ‫فعل‬
 If ‫ مفعول ٌفيه‬shifted its position then it will not
considered as abnormal structure.
 When it comes to attached pronoun it is normal
for ‫ مفعل ٌبه‬to come before the ‫ فاعل‬. This is
because it is attached to the ‫ فعل‬and cannot be
separated.
 The shifted in the order creates the meaning of
exclusivity, alone, only.
E. Complex Sentence:
 Sometimes a whole ‫ جملة ٌفعلة‬can use as a ‫خبر‬
which is called complex.
 In complex sentence inside doer of the ‫ فعل‬must
be match with the ‫ مبتداء‬in number and gender.
F. Quotes:
 Page 24 of 48

Quotes in Arabic are considered to be a type of ٌ‫مفعول‬

‫ به‬, because they answer the question 'What did the X
say?' the term for this in Arabic is ‫ل‬ ٌِ ‫مقولٌالقَو‬
G. Question words:
 In Arabic most of the Question words have no
effect and can simply be added to the beginning
of a sentence, both ‫ اسمية‬and ‫فعلة‬
 ٌٌ‫ي‬
ّٔ ‫أٌٌا‬/‫ماٌٌمتىٌٌاينٌٌلماذاٌٌكيفٌٌهل‬/‫َمنٌٌماذا‬
ٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌٌwhich did how why where when what who
 When ‫اين‬/‫ ما‬used with a sentence that has a ٌ‫جار‬
‫ مجرور‬in it, the ‫ جار ٌمجرور‬comes before the
question word.
 In the case of ‫ ما‬the ‫ جارٌمجرور‬merges with the ‫ما‬
and the ‫ ا‬is omitted and replaced with a ‫فتحة‬
II. ‫ فعل مضارع‬- Present tense:
A. Chart )‫ (فعل‬:
‫جمع‬ ‫مثنى‬ ‫مفرد‬ ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
ٌَ‫ران َي ْنصرون‬ٌِ ‫َي ْنصرٌ َي ْنص‬ ‫الغيب‬
ٌَ‫ران َي ْنص ْرن‬
ٌِ ‫ت َ ْنصرٌ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌَ‫ران ت َ ْنصرون‬
ٌِ ‫الحاضر ت َ ْنصرٌ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌَ‫ران ت َ ْنص ْرن‬
ٌِ ‫ت َ ْنص ِرينٌَ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌ‫نَ ْنصر‬ ٌ‫المتكلم ا َ ْنصر‬
 Present tense 2 drills
 Present tense 3-6 drills
B. ‫ حروف‬Associated with ‫فعل مضارع‬:
‫ فعلٌمضارع‬can take 3 forms
1) Normal )‫(مرفوع‬:
This is the default form of ‫ فعلٌمضارع‬when there is no
‫ حرف‬affecting it.
2) Light )‫ (منصوب‬:
 Page 25 of 48

 This is the forms the ‫ فعل ٌمضارع‬takes when

affected by ‫الحروفٌالناصبةٌللمضارع‬
 There are 4 ‫حروف‬
ٌْ َ ‫ ا‬- to
‫ن‬
ٌْ َ‫ ل‬- will not
‫ن‬
ٌْ ‫ َك ْي) ِل َك‬+‫( ِل‬- so that, in order to
‫ي‬
‫ َحتى‬- until, to the point that, so that. It can also used
before ‫ فعل ٌماضي‬but meaning of ‫ حتّى‬or ‫فعل ٌماضي‬
doesn't change.
 To make ‫ فعل‬light
 If it ends in a ‫ ضمة‬, change it to a ‫فتحة‬
 If it ends in a ‫ ن‬, get rid of ‫ن‬
 The ‫ هن‬and ‫ انتن‬forms always remain
the same
‫جمع‬ ‫مفرد مثنى‬ ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
‫الغيب يَ ْنص ٌَر يَ ْنصرا يَ ْنصروا‬
ٌَ‫ت َ ْنص ٌَر ت َ ْنصرا َي ْنص ْرن‬
‫الحاضر ت َ ْنص ٌَر ت َ ْنصرا ت َ ْنصروا‬
ٌَ‫ت َ ْنص ِري ت َ ْنصرا ت َ ْنص ْرن‬
‫نَ ْنص ٌَر‬ ‫المتكلم ا َ ْنص ٌَر‬

3) Lightest )‫ (مجزوم‬:
 This is the forms the ‫ فعل ٌمضارع‬takes when
affected by ‫الحروفٌالجازمةٌللمضارع‬
 There are 6 ‫حروف‬
ٌْ ‫ ا‬- if,(this can sometimes affect two ‫ فعل‬and
‫ِن‬
gives "if, then" meaning)
‫ لَم‬- did not,(gives an past tense meaning though
it comes only before a ‫) فعلٌمضارع‬
 Page 26 of 48

‫ لَ ّما‬- nor yet,(it can come before ‫فعلٌماضى‬, in this

case it means "when" and doesn't affect the ‫) فعل‬
ٌْ ‫ َو‬- and should
‫ل‬
ٌْ َ‫ ف‬- then should
‫ل‬
ٌِ - should
‫ل‬
 To make ‫ فعل‬lightest
 If it ends in a ‫ضمة‬, change it to a ‫سكون‬
 If it ends in a ‫ ن‬, get rid of ‫ن‬
 The ‫ هن‬and ‫ انتن‬forms always remain the
same
‫جمع‬ ‫مفرد مثنى‬ ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
‫الغيب يَ ْنص ٌْر يَ ْنصرا يَ ْنصروا‬
ٌَ‫ت َ ْنص ٌْر ت َ ْنصرا يَ ْنص ْرن‬
‫الحاضر ت َ ْنص ٌْر ت َ ْنصرا ت َ ْنصروا‬
ٌَ‫ت َ ْنص ِري ت َ ْنصرا ت َ ْنص ْرن‬
‫نَ ْنص ٌْر‬ ‫المتكلم ا َ ْنص ٌْر‬

III. ‫ فعل امر والنهي‬- the Imperative tense

A. Forbidding )‫ (فعل النهى‬:
a. You can only forbid the 2nd person
b. Only use ‫فعلٌمضاري‬
c. Put it in the lightest form
d. Put a ‫ ال‬in front of it
e. Chart
‫الٌتَ ْنصر ْوا‬ ‫الٌتَ ْنصرا‬ ٌ‫الٌتَ ْنص ْر‬
ٌَ‫الٌتَ ْنصرن‬ ‫الٌتَ ْنصرا‬ ‫الٌتَ ْنص ِري‬
f. Recognize:
 ‫ال‬
 ‫ فعل‬in lightest form
g. X should not Y:
 Page 27 of 48

If we forbid the 3rd person the translation will be like

"Someone should not do something" as "He should
not help"
‫الٌ َي ْنصر ْوا‬ ‫الٌ َي ْنصرا‬ ‫الٌ َي ْنص ٌْر‬
ٌَ‫الٌ َي ْنصرن‬ ‫الٌتَ ْنصرا‬ ‫الٌتَ ْنص ٌْر‬
 Forbidden drills
B. Commanding )‫ (فعل امر‬:
a. You can only forbid the 2nd person
b. Only use ‫فعلٌمضاري‬
c. Put it in the lightest form
d. Remove the ‫ت‬, the first letter of the ‫فعل‬
e. If you can read it it's done, if you can't put an ‫ا‬
f. If the second last letter on the ‫ هو‬form is a ‫ ضمة‬the ‫ا‬
also get ‫ضمة‬
g. If the second last letter on the ‫ هو‬form is ‫ فتحة‬or ‫كسرة‬
the ‫ ا‬gets a ‫كسرة‬
h. Exception is the ‫ اسلم‬family which get ‫ فتحة‬on ‫ ا‬in ٌ‫فعل‬
‫االمر‬
‫ا ْنصر ْوا‬ ‫ا ْنصرا‬ ‫ا ْنصر‬
ٌَ‫انص ْرن‬ ‫ا ْنصرا‬ ٌْ ‫انص ِر‬
‫ي‬
 Commanding drills
C. Abnormal sentence structure:
All the rules of abnormal sentence structure that apply toٌ‫فعل‬
‫ ماضى‬also apply toٌ‫ فعلٌمضارع‬and‫ ٌفعلٌامر‬. But one structure
is unique toٌ‫ فعلٌمضارع‬and‫ٌفعلٌامر‬.
 It is possible inٌ‫ فعلٌمضارع‬and‫ٌفعلٌامر‬to move the ٌ‫مفعول‬
‫ به‬before the ‫ فعل‬even if the ‫ مفعولٌبه‬is a pronoun. This
is done through the use of a place-holder, ‫اِيّا‬
D. ‫ نُون التوكيد‬:
Another structure that is not relevant to ‫ ٌماضى‬and occurs
only with ‫ مضارع‬andٌ‫ ٌنهى‬is the ‫ نون( نونٌالتوكيد‬of emphasis).
 Page 28 of 48

This is a ‫ نون‬which is attached to the end of a ‫ ٌفعلٌمضارع‬to

emphasize the action. It is often accompanied by ‫ المٌالتوكيد‬. a
‫ فعل‬that has a ‫ نون ٌالتوكيد‬will always translate in the future
tense.
 ‫ الفعل المضارع الموكد‬:
 ‫نونٌالتوكيدٌالجفيفة‬: Light (add one ‫)ن‬
 ‫نونٌالتوكيدٌالثقيلة‬: Heavy (add two ‫)ن‬:
‫جمع‬ ‫مثنى‬ ‫مفرد‬ ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
ٌ‫ران يَ ْنصرن‬ ٌِّ ‫الغيب يَ ْنص َرنٌ يَ ْنص‬
ٌِّ ‫ران يَ ْنص ْرن‬
‫َان‬ ٌِّ ‫ت َ ْنص َرنٌ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌ‫ران ت َ ْنصرن‬ ٌِّ ‫الحاضر ت َ ْنص َرنٌ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌِّ ‫ران ت َ ْنص ْرن‬
‫َان‬ ٌِّ ‫ت َ ْنص ِرنٌ ت َ ْنص‬
ٌ‫نَ ْنص َرن‬ ٌ‫المتكلم ا َ ْنص َرن‬
 ‫ الفعل النهى الموكد‬:
The ‫ نهى‬can be emphasized to convey the meaning
"don't you dare......." for the 2nd person and "X should
not at all" for the 3rd person.
The ‫ فعل‬is constructed the same way as the ‫ مضارع‬and
a ‫ ال‬id added before it.
ٌ‫ران الٌتَ ْنصرن‬ ٌِّ ‫الحاضر الٌتَ ْنص َرنٌ الٌتَ ْنص‬
ٌِّ ‫ران الٌتَ ْنص ْرن‬
‫َان‬ ٌِّ ‫الٌتَ ْنص ِرنٌ الٌتَ ْنص‬

ٌ ‫ران الٌ َي ْنصر‬

‫ن‬ ٌِّ ‫الغيب الٌ َي ْنص َرنٌ الٌ َي ْنص‬
ٌِّ ‫ران الٌ َي ْنص ْرن‬
‫َان‬ ٌِّ ‫الٌتَ ْنص َرنٌ الٌتَ ْنص‬
 Unit 5 jumlah filiyah inside doer drills
 Outside doer drills
 Details drills
E. Distinguishing between ‫ اسماء‬and ‫ٌافعال‬:
‫االسماء‬ ‫االفعال‬
An ‫ اسم‬can take ‫ تنوين‬or ‫ ال‬or ‫ة‬ Can not
Rarely ends in a ‫سكون‬ Some forms ends in a ‫سكون‬
 Page 29 of 48

If it ends with ‫ني‬/‫ ون‬and the

If it ends with ‫ني‬/‫ ون‬and the
first letter is something other
first letter is ‫ ي‬or ‫ ت‬is an ‫فعل‬
than ‫ ي‬or ‫ ت‬is an ‫اسم‬
If it comes after a ‫ حرفٌجار‬or If it comes after a ٌ‫حرفٌناصبة‬
‫ حرفٌنصب‬or a sp.‫ ٌمضاف‬it is ‫ للمضارع‬or a ‫ ٌحرفٌحازمة‬or ‫قد‬
a ‫اسم‬ or ‫ س‬or ‫ سوف‬, it is a ‫فعل‬

‫ اسمية‬to ‫ فعلية‬:
 ٌٌ‫( فَ ِهمٌالمسلم‬The Muslim understood)
ٌ‫( المسلمٌفهم‬The Muslim, he understood)
ٌ‫تٌالمسلمة‬ْ ‫ ٌفه َم‬- ‫المسلمةٌفهمت‬
ٌْ ٌ
‫ فهمواٌالمسلمون‬-‫ٌالمسلمونَ ٌفهموا‬
Benefit:
This sentence structure is to indicate emphasis or shock or
exclusivity.
 Ismiyyah to filiyyah drills
IV. ‫( الفعل المبنى للمجهول‬passive):
 ٌ‫ مجهول‬literally means "unknown" or "anonymous"
 Find the action and ask "Do I know who performed the
doer?" if the answer is no then it's a passive.
 "The cake was eaten" in this sentence "was eaten" is the
passive verb and "the cake" is the done-to.
 As passive doesn't have any doer it also doesn't have anyٌ
‫ مفعولٌبه‬additional information can appear in the sentence in
the form of a ‫ متعلقٌبالخبر‬or ‫ظرف‬
 There are two core parts to a passive ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬:
a. ‫ الفعل المبنى للمجهول‬:
 ‫ الفعلٌالماضىٌالمبنٌللمجهول‬:
ٌِ ‫ٌاع ِْجب‬-ٌ‫ٌرٌ ِف ْعت‬-ٌ‫خرجت‬
‫ْن‬ ِ ‫ٌاٌ ْنت‬-ٌ‫ص َر‬
ِ ٌ‫ٌا‬-ٌ‫صروا‬ ِ ٌ‫ن‬
Past passive:
1) The ‫ حركة‬of ‫ ل‬letter doesn't change
 Page 30 of 48

2) ‫ ع‬letters takes ‫كسرة‬

3) Every other ‫ حركة‬before ‫ ع‬letters takes ‫ضمة‬
4) ‫ سكون‬doesn't change
5) To find original ‫ فعل‬look at the ‫ هو‬formٌٌ of ‫فعلٌماضى‬
‫جمع‬ ‫مثنى‬ ‫فعلٌماضىٌالمبْىٌللمجهول مفرد‬
‫صروا‬ ِ ‫ص َرا ن‬ِ ‫ص ٌَر ن‬ ِ ‫الغيب ن‬
ِ ‫ص َرتَا ن‬
ٌَ‫ص ْرن‬ ِ ‫ت ن‬ ٌْ ‫ص َر‬
ِ ‫ن‬
‫صرتم‬ ِ ‫صرتما ن‬ ِ ‫رت ن‬
ٌَ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫الحاضر ن‬
ٌّ ‫ص‬
‫رتن‬ ِ ‫صرتما ن‬ ِ ‫ت ن‬
ٌِ ‫صر‬ ِ ‫ن‬
‫صرنا‬
ِ ‫ن‬ ٌ‫صرت‬ ِ ‫المتاكلم ن‬

‫ الفعل المضارع المبنى للمجهول‬:

ٌَ‫ٌيع َجبْن‬-ٌ‫ٌا ْرفَع‬-ٌ‫خرج‬ َ ‫ٌت‬-ٌ َ‫صر ْون‬ َ َ ‫ٌيٌ ْنت‬-ٌ‫صر‬
َ ‫ين‬
Present passive:
1) The first gets ‫ضمة‬
2) Lastٌ‫ ل‬letter doesn't change
3) Every other gets ‫فتجة‬
4) ‫ سكون‬doesn't change
‫جمع‬ ‫مثنى‬ ‫مفرد‬ ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
ٌَ‫صر ْون‬ َ ‫ان ي ْن‬ َ ‫صرٌ ي ْن‬
ٌِ ‫ص َر‬ َ ‫الغيب ي ْن‬
ٌَ‫ص ْرن‬ َ ‫ان ين‬ ٌِ ‫ص َر‬َ ‫صرٌ ت ْن‬ َ ‫ت ْن‬
ٌَ‫صرون‬ َ ‫ان تن‬
ٌِ ‫ص َر‬ َ ‫صرٌ ت ْن‬ َ ‫الحاضر تن‬
ٌَ‫صرن‬ َ ‫ان تن‬ ٌِ ‫ص َر‬ َ ‫ص ِرينٌَ ت ْن‬َ ‫ت ْن‬
ٌ‫صر‬ َ ‫ن ْن‬ َ ‫المتكلم ا ْن‬
ٌ‫صر‬
How to recognize:
i. First determine whether it is past or present by
the beginning or ending
ii. If it is past, look for (u-u-i) sound (one or more
‫ ضمة‬and one ‫) كسرة‬
iii. If it is present, look for the (u-a-a) sound (one
‫ ضمة‬and one and more ‫) فتحة‬
 Page 31 of 48

iv. Find the inside doer

b. ‫ناءب الفاعل‬
ُ :
Done to. "The cake was eaten" here "cake" is done to.
The grammatical rules for the ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬is same as
theٌ‫فاعل‬
There are 2 types of ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬:
1) Inside )‫ (ضمير مستتر‬- if the done to is a pronoun
‫ص ْرنا‬
ِ ‫ ن‬- the ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬is the inside pronoun ‫نحن‬
2) Outside - if the done to is other than a pronoun:
 It must come after the ‫فعل‬
 The ٌ‫ فعل‬must be in the ‫ هو‬or ‫ هى‬form
 It must be ‫مرفوع‬
ٌَ‫ص ٌَرٌالمسلمون‬
ِ ‫ ن‬- the ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬is ٌَ‫المسلمون‬
How to find ‫ ناءب الفاعل‬in a sentence:
 If the ‫ فعل‬is in the ‫ هو‬or ‫ هى‬form look
for an outside ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬, it will be the first
‫ رفع‬after the ‫ فعل‬. otherwise there will no ٌ‫ناءب‬
‫الفاعل‬
 The Rhetorical Benefits of the Passive Voice:
Every passive verb has an active alternative. The
distinguish feature of a passive is that the doer is left
unknown. When a speaker chooses not to mention the
doer, the focus is shifted to the action or the object of
the action )‫ (ناءبٌالفاعل‬. There are more reason:
1. When there is no reason to mention the doer:
 "If you are greeted with a greeting, then
greet using a better greeting or return it"-
This command applies regardless of who is
sending the greeting. There is no reason to
mention the ‫ فاعل‬.
 Page 32 of 48

 "If you hear the sign of Allah being

disbelieved in or mocked , do not sit with
them. " - this command applies regardless of
who is disbelieving or mocking. There is no
reason to mention the ‫فاعل‬
 "If it is discovered that they (2) are guilty,
let two others take their place. "- This
command applies regardless of who
discovers that they are guilty. There is no
reason to mention the ‫فاعل‬
2. Out of respect for Allah:
 "We do not know if evil is intended for
those on earth, or if their Master intends
guidance for them. "- Notice that when evil
is mention , the passive is used. When
guidance is mention, the active is used and
the doer (Allah) is mentioned. It is
understood that the doer is the same in both
cases . Nevertheless, the jinn who say this
only associate Allah's name with good out of
respect.
3. Expanding for the scope of the Action:
 "They were cursed in this world and the
next. " - specify the ‫ فاعل‬restricts it to that
one ‫فاعل‬. Not specifying the ‫ فاعل‬leaves it
open and unlimited. Compare the ayah
above to the ayah )‫ (لَ َعنَهمٌهللا‬,where the doer is
specified.
 Unit 3.1 past and present passive drills
 Transitivity:
 Page 33 of 48

Consider the following example:

- "Hamza ate the cookie", in this sentence "cookie" is the
‫ مفعولٌبه‬, because it is an active sentence.
-"The cookie was eaten" in this sentence the "cookie" is the
‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬, because it is a passive sentence.
Now the ‫ مفعولٌبه‬in an active sentence turn into ‫ناءبٌالفاعل‬
when we convert active to passive. We know that every
passive sentence has a ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬, but not every active
sentence has ‫ مفعولٌبه‬. Some verb sentence do not need any
‫ مفعولٌبه‬so they do not have any passive version.

Based on transitivity there are 3 types of ‫فعل‬

a. ‫ الفعلٌالالزم‬:
 It cannot take ‫ٌمفعولٌبه‬
 The nature of the action can only affect the ‫فعل‬
and cannot affect anything else.
 Passive cannot be made.
 Use "something" or "someone" as a placeholder
for your ‫ مفعولٌبه‬, if it doesn't make any sense or
need any preposition )‫ (حرف‬to make sense then it
is a ‫فعلٌالزم‬
 Ex: I read something. (makes sense)
I fell something. (doesn't make sense)
I laugh something. (doesn't make sense)
I sleep something. (doesn't make sense)
b. ‫ الفعلٌالمتعدى‬:
 It can take ‫مفعولٌبه‬
 The nature of the action can affect the ‫ فعل‬as well
as something else or someone else.
 Passive can be made
 Page 34 of 48

 In example read is ‫متعدى‬

c. ‫ الفعلٌالمتعدىٌلمفعولين‬:
 This one can take 2 ‫مفعولٌبه‬
 In passive version one become ‫ ناءب الفاعل‬and
another become ‫مفعولٌبه‬
 This is only circumstance when you see a ‫مفعولٌبه‬
in passive version
 Ex: We were taught the speech of birds.
 AWH unit 2
 AWH unit 6

Part-03: Map:
1. Every verb based sentence have 3 parts:
 ‫فعل‬
 ‫فاعل‬
 ‫مفعول‬
2. There are 4 types of ‫فعل‬
 ‫ فعلٌماضى‬:
 Chart
 How to translate
 Doer: There are 2 types of Doer
 Inside Doer
 Outside Doer
 Details : There are 6 kinds of details:
 ‫المفعولٌبه‬
 ‫المفعولٌفيه‬
 ‫المفعولٌله‬
 ‫المفعولٌالمطلق‬
 ‫المفعولٌالحال‬
 Page 35 of 48

 ‫المتعلقٌبالفعل‬
 Abnormal sentence
 Complex sentence
 Quotes
 Question words
 ‫ فعلٌمضارع‬:
 Chart
 Light
 Lightest
 ‫ فعلٌامرٌوالناهى‬:
 Forbidden
 Commanding
 Abnormal sentence
 ‫ ن‬of Emphasis:
 ٌ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
 ‫فعلٌناهى‬
 Distinguish between Noun and Verb
 ‫ اسمية‬to ‫فعلة‬
 ‫الفعلٌالمبنىٌللمجهول‬: There are 2 core parts:
 ‫فعل‬:
 Past passive
 Present passive
 How to recognize
 ‫ ناءبٌالفاعل‬: There are 2 types of done to
 Inside
 Outside
 How to find
 Rhetorical Benefits:
 When there is no reason to mention the doer
 Page 36 of 48

 Out of respect for Allah

 Expanding for the scope of the Action
 Transitivity: There are 3 types of transitivity ‫فعل‬
 ‫الفعلٌالالزم‬
 ‫الفعلٌالمتعدى‬
 ‫الفعلٌالمتعدىٌلمفعولين‬
Part-04
Topic - Unique rules for ‫ اسمية‬and ‫فعلية‬
A. Negation:
1. Negating ‫ الجملة فعلية‬:
i. Past tense negation:
There are two ways to negate the past tense:
a. ‫مضارع‬+‫ لم‬:
Recall that ‫ لم‬can only occur with the ‫مضارع‬
but it always pushes the meaning to the past.
It also causes the ‫ فعل‬to be ‫ٌمجزوم‬
b. ‫ماضى‬+‫ ما‬:
 This ‫ ما‬is calledٌ‫ٌماٌالنافية‬
 ‫ لم‬affect the ‫ فعل‬but ٌ‫ ما‬doesn't
 ٌ‫ ما‬is used for refutation or in the
context of debate.
ii. Present tense negation:
There are two ways to negate present tense
a. ‫مضارع‬+‫ال‬:
 this is called ‫الٌالنافية‬
 This one doesn't affect ‫ فعل‬like ‫الٌالناهية‬
b. ‫مضارع‬+‫ ما‬:
 This is called ‫ماٌالنافية‬
 May be translate as present or future
according to context
 Page 37 of 48

 Used for refutation or in the context of a

debate.
iii. Future negation:
‫ لن‬is the only way to negate explicitly in the future.
It makes ‫مضارعٌمنصوب‬
 Note that ‫ ل ّما‬is used for negation. It is not
associate with a particular tense. Occur with
‫ مضارع‬makes it ‫ مجزوم‬and translate as -not yet
2. Negation ‫ جملة اسمية‬:
There are 2 tools for negating a ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬are ‫ ما‬and ‫ ليس‬.
there are 4 ways to negate:
ٌ‫ٌالرجلٌمسلم‬-ٌ‫ٌخبرٌمرفوع‬+ٌ‫متداءٌمرفوع‬
i. َ ‫ٌماٌالرجلٌمسلمٌا‬-ٌ‫ٌخبرٌمنصوب‬+ٌ‫ٌمتداءٌمرفوع‬+ٌ‫ما‬
ii. ٌ‫ٌماٌالرجلٌبمسلم‬-ٌ‫ٌخبرٌمجرور‬+ٌ‫ٌبـ‬+ٌ‫ٌمتداءٌمرفوع‬+ٌ‫ما‬
ْ
iii. ٌ‫ٌليسٌالرجلٌمسلما‬-ٌ‫ٌخبرٌمنصوب‬+ٌ‫ٌمتداءٌمرفوع‬+ٌ‫ليس‬
ْ
iv. ٌ‫ٌليسٌالرجلٌبمسلم‬-ٌ‫ٌخبرٌمجرور‬+ٌ‫ٌبـ‬+ٌ‫ٌمتداءٌمرفوع‬+ٌ‫ليس‬
ْ
The ‫ مبتداء‬is never affected by negation word. But
the ‫ خبر‬may either ‫ منصوب‬or ‫ٌمجرور‬+ٌ‫بـ‬
‫ الباءٌالزاءدة‬:
 The ‫ ب‬used here is for extra(‫ ) زاءدة‬emphasis. Its
presence doesn't change the role of the word in
the sentence it is only there for emphasis.
 Without it translate will be not and with ‫ ب‬will
'be not at all.
 Though it is ‫ حرفٌالجار‬but with it the ‫ خبر‬doesn't
considered as ‫متعلقٌبالخبر‬
‫ ما‬:
It is used for refutation or in the context of debate , while
ٌ‫ ليس‬is used for plain negation. One way to capture this in
translation is by using a no at the beginning of the sentence.
 Page 38 of 48

‫ ليس‬:
It is an odd type of ‫ فعلٌماضى‬, that's mean it can conjugated
like other ‫ فعل‬and have an ‫ ضميرٌمستتر‬. if the sentence have an
pronoun as ‫ مبتداء‬then the inside pronoun no longer appears

‫فعلٌمضارع مفرد مثنى جمع‬

‫ْس لَيْسا لَيْسوا‬ ٌَ ‫الغيب لَي‬
ٌَ‫ت لَسْتا لَسْن‬ ٌْ ‫س‬َ ‫لَ ْي‬
‫ست لَسْتما لَستم‬ ٌَ َ‫الحاضر ل‬
ٌ‫ت لَسْتما لَسْتن‬ ٌِ ‫لَ ْس‬
‫لَسْنا‬ ٌ‫المتكلم لَسْت‬
Translate as _is /are not..............
It is an irregular ‫ فعل‬- notice how the ‫ ي‬drops from ‫هن‬
onwards.
To negate a sentence that has pronoun
 Conjugate ‫ ليس‬according to the pronoun
 Get rid of the pronoun
 Put the ‫ خبر‬in ‫ نصب‬or attach a ‫ ب‬to it and put it in ‫خبر‬
 ٌ‫ٌلستٌ ِبم ْو ِمن‬/ٌ‫ا‬
َ ‫ستٌم ْو ِمن‬َ ‫ٌل‬-ٌ‫انتٌم ْو ِمن‬
َ
ٌ‫ٌلسنَ ٌم ْو ِمنات‬/ٌ‫ٌلسنَ ٌم ْو ِمنات‬-ٌ‫هنٌم ْو ِمنات‬
 Note that if a sentence have a ‫ متعلقٌبالخبر‬, neither ‫ ما‬nor ‫ ليس‬have an
effect on the ‫متعلقٌبالخبر‬

3. Absolute categorical negation:

It is unique to ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬. It gives the meaning there is
absolutely no.........This type of sentence is made up of a ‫ ال‬,
calledٌ‫ٌللجنس‬
ِ ‫ ٌالٌالنافية‬followed by an ‫ ٌاسم‬that is
 Light
 ‫منصوب‬
 Followed by a ‫جارٌمجرور‬
In terms of meaning , it leaves no room for exception.
 Page 39 of 48

ِ ّ‫ َلٌاِ ْق َراهٌَفيٌالد‬- there is absolutely no compulsion in the

ٌ‫ِين‬
religion.
ٌ‫ الٌنافيةٌللجنس‬is the 3rd reason to make an ‫ اسم‬light.
If the ‫ اسم‬is heavy then‫ ٌال‬is the regular ‫ نافية‬and there is room
for exception.
‫ الٌبيعٌفيه‬- There is no bargaining in it.
4. Shared tools of negations:
 There are 2 tools of negations that shared by both ٌ‫جملة‬
‫ اسمية‬and ‫ٌجملةٌفعلة‬
ٌ ّ ‫ٌا ِْن‬/ٌ‫ماٌاال‬
 ‫ٌاال‬ ّ
 They gives the meaning Nothing but or Only
 In ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬, the meaning will be X is nothing but Y
 In ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬, the meaning will be X did / does nothing
but Y
 No grammatical effects on the sentence
 If they are removed, you will find a simple/irregular non-
negative sentence.
 Both ٌ‫ ما‬and ‫ِن‬ ٌْ ‫ ا‬is for refutation, but ‫ِن‬
ٌْ ‫ ا‬is more emphatic.
5. ‫ من الزاءدة‬:
 ‫ زاءدة‬means extra or additional
 ‫ من‬attached to an ‫ اسم‬or fragment change its status but
doesn't change its role in the sentence.
 It adds the meaning of Not a single or Any
 In ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬, ‫ من‬will attached to ‫ مبتداء‬. if you have ٌ‫متعلق‬
‫ بالخبر‬without ‫ اسم‬in ‫ رفع‬status then it is ‫ منٌالزاءدة‬. it will
almost always come in He has... or There is..... sentence
 In ٌ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬, ‫ من‬will attached to ‫ فاعل‬or ‫ مفعولٌبه‬. if it
follows the condition (negation or question, common)
then
 Page 40 of 48

 If the ‫ فعل‬is ‫ الزم‬or the ‫ مفعولٌبه‬is attached pronoun

then the victim is ‫فاعل‬
 If the ‫ فعل‬has an inside doer then the victim will be
‫مفعولٌبه‬
 ٌ‫ منٌالزاءدة‬has to follow some conditions:
 Will always come in a Negated sentence or
Questioning sentence
 The word following will always be Common
 After its removal, the sentence should still make
sense
 ‫ من‬causes the ‫ اسم‬in ‫مجرور‬
B. ‫ اْلفعال الناقصة‬:
 A set of ‫ افعال‬that are incomplete in meaning
 It is also called ‫ كانٌواخواتها‬or ‫ كان‬and her sister
 A sentence that contains a ‫ فعلٌناقصة‬is not even
considered a ‫ فعلة‬. It is considered as ‫جملةٌاسمية‬
 A part before was(or any other ‫ ) نافصة‬is the ‫ مبتداء‬, and
after it is the ‫ خبر‬or ‫متعلقٌبالخبر‬
i. ٌ‫ كانَ ٌ َيكون‬- to be....
ii. ٌ‫ص َبح‬ ْ َ ‫ ا‬-to become.....
ْ ‫صبَ َحٌي‬
iii. ٌ‫ظل‬ َ ‫ظلٌ َي‬
َ - to remain.....
iv. ٌ‫ٌالٌيَزال‬/ٌ‫ ماٌزا َل‬- to still be....
v. ‫ام‬ ٌَ َ‫ ماٌد‬- as long as....
vi. ‫يس‬ ٌَ َ‫ ل‬- is not.......

 Sentence structure:
1. ‫ مبتداء‬:
In English:
a. The ‫ فعلٌناقصة‬, which is simply leveled as a ٌ‫فعل‬
‫مضرعٌناقص‬/‫ماضى‬
 ‫‪Page 41 of 48‬‬

‫‪b. The word or fragment that comes before it,‬‬

‫)‪ٌ (or its sister‬اسمٌكان ‪which is called‬‬
‫‪In Arabic:‬‬
‫‪ and the rules of‬فعلٌناقص ‪ of a‬اسم ‪a. The rules of the‬‬
‫‪ are exactly same‬فاعل ‪a‬‬
‫‪, must‬مرفوع ‪ is outside , it must be‬اسم ‪b. When the‬‬
‫‪ must be in the‬فعل ‪ and the‬فعل ‪come after the‬‬
‫‪ form‬هو‪/‬هي‬
‫‪ is a pronoun , it appears inside the‬اسمٌ ‪c. When the‬‬
‫‪ , which simply conjugates according to that‬فعل‬
‫‪pronoun.‬‬
‫‪d. Conjugation:‬‬
‫امر‬ ‫ماضى‬
‫ك ْونا ك ْون ْوا‬ ‫ك ٌْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫مضارع‬ ‫كانٌَ كانا كانوا‬
‫كنٌ‬ ‫ك ْونا‬ ‫ك ْوني‬ ‫نان َيك ْونونٌَ‬ ‫َيك ْونٌ َيك ْو ٌِ‬ ‫َت كنتا كنٌ‬ ‫َكن ٌْ‬
‫نان يَكنٌ‬ ‫تَكونٌ تَك ْو ٌِ‬ ‫ت ك ْنتما كنت ٌْم‬ ‫ك ْن ٌَ‬
‫نان تَكنونٌَ‬ ‫تَكونٌ تَك ْو ٌِ‬ ‫ت ك ْنتما ك ْنتنٌ‬ ‫كن ٌِ‬
‫َ‬
‫نان تكنٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫تك ْونينٌَ تك ْو ٌِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫كنا‬ ‫ك ْنتٌ‬
‫نهي‬
‫نَكونٌ‬ ‫اَكونٌ‬
‫ن الٌتَك ْونا الٌتَك ْون ْوا‬ ‫ٌالٌتَك ٌْ‬
‫الٌتَك ْوني الٌتَك ْونا الٌتَكنٌ‬
‫ماضى‬
‫ماضى‬ ‫ظل ْوا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ظالٌ‬ ‫ظلٌ‬
‫ماٌزالٌ ماٌزاال ماٌزال ْوا‬ ‫مضارع‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلنٌَ‬‫َ‬ ‫ظلتا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ظل ٌْ‬
‫ت‬ ‫َ‬
‫ماٌز ْلنٌَ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ت ماٌزالَتا‬ ‫ماٌزالَ ٌْ‬ ‫ظل ْونٌَ‬ ‫ن يَ َ‬ ‫ظلٌ يَ َ‬
‫ظال ٌِ‬ ‫يَ َ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلتم‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلتما َ‬ ‫ت َ‬‫ظ ِل ْل ٌَ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ماٌز ْلتم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ماٌز ْلتماٌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ماٌز ٌَ‬
‫لت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ظلَ ْلنٌَ‬
‫ن يَ ْ‬ ‫ظال ٌِ‬‫ظلٌ ت َ َ‬ ‫تَ َ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلتنٌ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلتما َ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْل ٌِ‬
‫ت َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ماٌز ْلتنٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ماٌز ْلتما‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ماٌز ْل ٌِ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ظل ْونٌَ‬ ‫ن تَ َ‬ ‫ظال ٌِ‬ ‫ظلٌ ت َ َ‬ ‫تَ َ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلنا‬
‫َ‬ ‫ظ ِل ْلتٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ماٌز ْلنا‬ ‫ماٌز ْلتٌ‬ ‫ظلَلنٌَ‬ ‫ن تَ ْ‬ ‫ظال ٌِ‬ ‫ظ ِلّينٌَ ت َ َ‬‫تَ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ظلٌ‬‫ن َ‬ ‫ظلٌ‬ ‫ا َ‬

‫مضارع‬
‫زال ماٌيَزَ ٌِ‬
‫االن ماٌيَزالونٌَ‬ ‫ماٌيَ ٌ‬
 ‫‪Page 42 of 48‬‬

‫زاالن ماٌ َيزَ ْلنٌَ‬‫ٌِ‬ ‫ماٌت َ‬ ‫ماٌت َ ٌ‬

‫زال‬
‫زاالن ماٌت َزَ الون‬ ‫ٌِ‬ ‫ماٌت َ‬ ‫ماٌت َزَ الٌ‬
‫زاالن ماٌت َ ْ‬
‫زالنٌَ‬ ‫ٌِ‬ ‫ماٌت َ‬ ‫ماٌتَزا ِلينٌَ‬
‫ماٌنَزَ الٌ‬ ‫ماٌاَزَ الٌ‬

‫ماضى‬
‫ماٌداما مادام ْوا‬ ‫ماٌدامٌ‬
‫َ‬
‫ماٌدا َمتا ماٌد ْمنٌَ‬ ‫تْ‬
‫ماٌدا َم ٌ‬
‫ماٌد ْمتماٌ ماٌد ْمتم‬ ‫ماٌد ْم ٌَ‬
‫ت‬
‫ماٌد ْمتماٌ ماٌد ْمتنٌ‬ ‫ماٌد ْم ٌِ‬
‫ت‬
‫ماٌد ْمنا‬ ‫ماٌد ْمتٌ‬

‫ماٌدام ‪note:‬‬
‫ٌَ‬ ‫‪ , but‬ماضى ‪ (covered previously) only appear in the‬لَ ٌَ‬
‫يس ‪and‬‬
‫‪ is not used. Also notice that the chart‬مضارع ‪translate in the present. The‬‬
‫ص ِبحٌ ‪for‬‬
‫ص َب َحٌي ْ‬
‫ص ٌَر ‪ are not include , because it conjugates as normal‬ا ْ‬
‫نَ َ‬
‫‪chart.‬‬

‫‪ :‬الخبر‪ٌ/‬المتعلقٌبالخبر ‪2.‬‬
‫‪ is the part after the was‬خبرٌ‪ٌ/‬متعلقٌبالخبر ‪‬‬
‫منصوب ‪ is‬فعلٌناقص ‪ of‬جبر ‪ , but the‬مرفوع ‪ is‬خبر ‪ Normal‬‬
 Page 43 of 48

 For the ‫ متعلقٌبالخبر‬rules is same, it is made up either a ٌ‫جار‬

‫ مجرور‬or a ‫ظرف‬
 When ‫ كنا‬is used with the attribute of Allah , it translate
as has always been rather than was.
‫ وكانٌهللاٌواسعاٌ َح ِكيما‬- Allah has always been all-
encompassing and all-wise.
 Abnormal sentence structure:
 General statement-(‫ٌمتعلقٌبالجبر‬-ٌ‫خبر‬-‫) ٌمبتداء‬
 There are 2 abnormal structure:
a. ‫ٌخبرٌموخر‬-‫متعلقٌبالخبرٌمقدم‬:
َ ‫ قدٌك ْن‬- You had a source of hope
‫تٌفِيْناٌ َم ْرج ًّوا‬
amongst us
b. ‫ٌمبتداءٌموخر‬-ٌ‫ متعلقٌبالخبرمقدم‬:
ٌ‫ وكانٌلهٌث َ َمر‬- and for him was fruit.
 Complex sentence structure:
 In general a ‫ خبر‬can have a full sentence itself , but
when it comes to ‫ كان‬sentence the ‫ خبر‬can only have
‫جملةٌفعلة‬
 ‫ مضارع‬+ ‫ كان‬:
 One of two meaning is conveyed.
 First, was/were doing as in I was cooking.
 Second, used to x as in I used to cook.
 Depend on context.
 Inside pronoun of )‫ مبتداء(كان‬and ٌ)‫خبر(مضارع‬
must be match in number and gender.
 ‫ ماضى‬+ ‫ كان‬:
 It implies that the event occurred long ago.
 Doesn't used in modern Arabic and only few
times occurred in the Quran.
 Page 44 of 48

 The pronoun inside the ‫ كان‬match with the ٌ‫فعل‬

‫ماضى‬
 Translating ‫ كان‬sentence:
Though a ‫ كان‬sentence is labeled as a ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬but translate as
a ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬.
When translating a ‫ جملةٌفعلة‬you translate the ‫ فاعل‬, then the
‫ فعل‬and then the ‫مفعول‬
When translating a ‫ فعلٌناقص‬you translate the ‫ اسم‬, then the ٌ‫فعل‬
‫ ناقص‬, then the ‫ٌمتعلقٌبالخبر‬/‫خبر‬
 Negating ‫ كان‬sentence:
 ‫ كان‬sentence negate as ‫جملةٌفعلة‬
 To negate in past , ‫ كان‬+ٌ‫ ما‬or ‫ن‬ ٌْ ‫ٌ َيك‬+ٌ‫لَ ْم‬
 To negate in present ٌ‫ٌ َيك ْون‬+ٌ‫ ال‬or ٌ‫ٌيَكون‬+ٌ‫ٌما‬
 To negate in future , ٌَ‫لَ ْنٌ َيكون‬
 All ‫ٌس( حروف‬-ٌ‫ف‬ َ ‫س ْو‬
َ ٌ-ٌ‫ٌقد‬-ٌ‫ٌحٌروفٌناصبة‬-ٌ‫) حروفٌجازمة‬
those are use for ‫ فعل‬is also used for ‫فعلٌناقص‬
 Negation templates:
 There are two negative templates that are unique to
‫ كان‬and gives a unique meaning.
1) _‫ ماٌكانٌ ِلٌ_ا َ ْن‬:
This translate as it is not appropriate for x to do
y
X comes to the ‫ ل‬and usually a pronoun or a
proper name.
Y comes after the ‫ ان‬and is a ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
2) _‫ ماٌكان_ ِل‬:
This translate as x would not be one to y
X is usually a proper name
Y is usually a ‫فعلٌمضارع‬
C. The Compound :
 Page 45 of 48

1) The Compound ‫اسم‬:

 The tools that appear before a complete sentence
and cause it to function like an ordinary ‫ اسم‬. they
create what is known as a compound ‫اسم‬
 ‫ن‬ٌْ َ ‫ ا‬:
 The technical term for it is ‫ا َ ْنٌالمصدَ ِرية‬
 Usually it make ‫ فعل‬light
 It gives theٌ‫ فعل فعلة‬meaning and act like an ‫اسم‬
 ٌ‫ اَن‬:
 Usually turn an ‫ اسم‬into ‫منصوب‬
 It gives the whole ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬meaning and act like
an ‫اسم‬
2) Compound ‫ مضاف اليه‬:
 ‫ اِ ٌْذ‬:
 Means When
 Comes with both ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬and ‫ٌجملةٌفعلة‬
 It translates in past tense regardless of what
follows it.
 ٌ‫ اِ ْذ‬will remain heavy when it does not have a
‫ مضافٌاليه‬as in ٌ‫َي ْو َم ِءذ‬
 ‫ اِذا‬:
 Comes with both ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬and ‫ٌجملةٌفعلة‬
 It translate differently depending on what
follows .
 When it comes with a ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬, it is called ٌ‫اِذا‬
‫الفجاءية‬
ِ , the ‫ اذا‬of surprise, and translates as
Suddenly or Surprisingly
 When it uses with ‫ ماضى‬, it is called ‫ اذاٌالشرطية‬,
the conditional ‫ اذا‬, and it pushes the meaning to
 Page 46 of 48

the future tense. It translate as When and always

comes with a second part (when x happens , y).
only the first portion is (the x) is considered as a
‫ مضاف‬. the use of ٌ‫ ماضى‬indicates a single event.
 The use of ‫ مضارع‬indicates a repeated event.
 ‫ يَ ْو ٌَم‬:
 Means Day
 Comes with both ‫ جملةٌاسمية‬and ‫ٌجملةٌفعلة‬
 In both cases, it translates as the day on
which.................
 Doesn't come with ‫ماضى‬
 Though ‫ َي ْو ٌَم‬has a potential to create a compound
‫ اسم‬, it can also act as an ordinary ‫ ظرف‬and can
be followed by a regular ‫اسم‬

‫ ُح ُر اوف‬:
 ‫ اَدْواتٌاالستفهام‬: Question words
ٌٌ‫اٌٌَاَى‬/‫ْفٌٌه َْل‬
َ ‫ماٌٌ َمتَيٌٌاَيْنَ ٌٌ ِلماذاٌٌ َكي‬/‫َم ْنٌٌماذا‬
Which did how why where when what who
 ‫المٌالتوكيد‬:
Description:
-used for emphasis
-can attached to an ‫ اسم‬or ‫ فعل‬or ‫حرف‬
-have no grammatical effect
Always takes a ‫) َلٌ( فتحة‬
Label:ٌ‫المٌالت ْو ِكيد‬
 ‫ قَ ٌْد‬:
-in the Quran, it always for emphasis or with the meaning Already
-in modern Arabic it means Might when used with the present
tense and Certainly or Already when used with the past tense.
 Page 47 of 48

-used only with ‫فعل‬

-has no grammatical effect
Label: ‫( حرفٌت َ ْحقيق‬with past)/ٌ‫( ٌحرفٌتَقليل‬with present)
 ٌَ ‫س ْو‬
‫ف‬ َ /‫ س‬:
-only with the present tense
-pushes the meaning to the future
-has no grammatical effect
Label: ‫حرفٌاِستِقبال‬
 ‫ واوٌاستءناف‬:
-used to start a new sentence
-has no grammatical effect
-is not translate
Label: ‫واوٌاستءناف‬/ٌ‫ٌواوٌاستءنافية‬
 ‫ اِما‬:
-means Either
-always used twice in a sentence to mean Either x or y
-has no grammatical effect
Label: ‫حرفٌت َ ْخيير‬
 ‫ حروفٌالعطف‬:
-connects two words
-carries over status
Label: ٌ‫حرفٌعظف‬
ٌ‫ َو‬:and - ‫ا َ ٌْو‬:or - ٌ‫ثم‬: and then (long duration of time) - ‫ف‬:
ٌَ and then/so
-‫ل‬ ٌْ ‫لَ ِك‬: however.
ٌْ ‫ َب‬: rather - ‫ن‬
Page 48 of 48