Structural Design Report - Auditorium

PROJEC TOWN HALL,KUTTAMPUZHA GRAMA
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T PANCHAYTHU, ERNAKULAM
03/12/201
STRUCTUARL DESIGN BASIS DATE PROJECTCODE THKP/8003
TITLE 8
REPORT
REV. NO R0 JOB NO SM/ST/THKP/01
ABBREVIATIONS
A - Area
bf - Effective width of flange
D - Overall depth of beam or slab or diameter of column;
dimension of a rectangular column in the direction under consideration
Df - Thickness of flange
DL - Dead load
d - Effective depth of beam or slab
d’ - Depth of compression reinforcement from the highly compressed face
EC - Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
EL - Earthquake load
Es - Modulus of elasticity of steel
fck - characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete
fy - Characteristic strength of steel
Ief - Effective moment of inertia
K - Stiffness of member
k - Constant or coefficient or factor
Ld - Development length
LL - Live load or imposed load
Lw - Horizontal distance between centers of lateral restraint
l - Length of a column or beam between adequate lateral restraints or the
unsupported length of a column
lef - Effective span of beam or slab or effective length of column
lex - Effective length about x-x axis
ley - Effective length about y-y axis
ln - Clear span, face-to-face of supports
lx - Length of shorter side of slab
ly - Length of longer side of slab
ll - Span in the direction in which moments are determined, centre
to centre of supports
l2 - Span transverse to I, centre to centre of supports
l’2 - l2 for the shorter of the continuous spans
M - Bending moment
m - Modular ratio
P - Axial load on a compression member
q0 - Calculated maximum bearing pressure of soil
r - Radius
s - Spacing of stirrups or standard deviation
T - Torsional moment
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DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

STRUCTUARL DESIGN BASIS
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REPORT R0 JOB NO SM/ST/THKP/01
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V - Shear force
W - Total load
X - Depth of neutral axis
Z - Modulus of section
z - Lever arm
γf - Partial safety factor for load
γm - Partial safety factor for material
δm - Percentage reduction in moment
- Creep strain of concrete
σcbc - Permissible stress in concrete in bending compression
σcc - Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression
σsc - Permissible stress in steel in compression
σst - Permissible stress in steel in tension
σsv - Permissible tensile stress in shear reinforcement
τc - Shear stress in concrete
τc,max - Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement
τv - Nominal shear stress
φ - Diameter of bar
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INTRODUCTION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGNS
The design of a structure must satisfy three basic requirements:
 Stability: - To prevent overturning, sliding or buckling of the structure, or part of it,

under the action of loads.
 Strength: - To resist safely the stresses induced by the loads in the various structural
members.
 Serviceability: - To ensure satisfactory performance under service load conditions
which implies providing adequate stiffness and reinforcement to contain deflections, crack widths
and vibrations within acceptable limits, and also providing impermeability and durability.
There are other considerations that a sensible designer ought to bear in mind, viz., economy
and aesthetics. One can always design a massive structure, which has more than adequate
stability, strength and serviceability, but the ensuing cost of the structure may be exorbitant, and
the end product, far from aesthetic.
Limit State Concept
The object of design based on the limit state concept is to achieve an acceptability that a
structure will not become unserviceable in its life time for the use for which it is intended. I.e. it
will not reach a limit state. In this limit state method all relevant states must be considered in
design to ensure a degree of safety and serviceability.
Limit state
The acceptable limit for the safety and serviceability requirements before failure occurs is
called a limit state.
Limit state of collapse
This is corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity.
Violation of collapse limit state implies failures in the source that a clearly defined limit state
of structural usefulness has been exceeded. However it does not mean complete collapse.
This limit state corresponds to:
a) Flexural
b) Compression
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c) Shear
d) Torsion
Limit state of serviceability:
This state corresponds to development of excessive deformation and is used for

checking member in which magnitude of deformations may limit the rise of the structure of its
components.
a) Deflection -Short term and long term deflections are calculated using Elastic analysis
based on the cracked and uncracked section respectively.
b) Cracking
c) Vibration
DESIGN STANDARDS:
Specific applicable codes and standards will be identified and adopted in the design
philosophies as appropriate to the structural elements. The latest editions of the Codes and
Standards will be used in designs. All design work shall be based on Indian Standards and Codes
with latest revision, with amendments if any,
IS: 432(part 2) – 1982: Specification for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and
Hard - Drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement
IS: 6313 (part II): Standards for anti-termite treatment.
IS: 875 (part 1)-1987: Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and Structures - unit weights of buildings materials and stored material.
and Structure - imposed loads.
IS: 875 (part 3)-1987: Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and Structure - wind loads
and structures –Special loads and load combinations.
IS: 456-2000: Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
IS: 1343 – 2012: Code of practice for pre stressed concrete. (Second Revision)
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IS: 1893 part 1 – 2016: Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures (Part-1 general
Provisions and buildings)
IS: 4326 -1993: Code of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of
buildings.
IS: 13920-2016: Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structure subjected to seismic forces
–code of practice.
IS: 2751: Code of practice for welding of mild steel bars used for reinforced Concrete
construction.
IS: SP 34-1987: Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
IS: 800 –2007 Code of practice in general construction in Steel.
IS: 1904 - 1986: Code of practice for structural safety of building foundations.
SP: 16– 1980: Design aid for reinforced concrete to IS 456.
IS 2911 (Part1/Sec1) – 2010 Code of Practice for design and construction of pile (reaffirmed
1997) foundations
IS 2911 (Part1/Sec2) – 1979: Code of Practice for design and construction of pile
(reaffirmed 1997) foundations.
IS 2911 Part IV 2013- Code of Practice for Pile Load Tests.
Load Conditions and Structural System Response:
The concepts presented in this section provide an overview of building loads and their effect
on the structural response of Multi Storied Buildings. As shown in Table, building loads can be
divided into types based on the orientation of the structural action or forces that they induce
vertical and horizontal (i.e., lateral) loads. Classification of loads is described in the following
sections.
Building Loads Categorized by Orientation:
Types of loads on a hypothetical building are as follows.
Vertical Loads
Dead (Gravity)
Live (Gravity)
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Snow (Gravity)
Wind (Uplift on roof)
Seismic and wind (Overturning)
Seismic (vertical ground motion)
Horizontal (Lateral) Loads:
Direction of loads is horizontal with respect to the building.
Wind
Seismic (Horizontal Ground Motion)
Flood (Static and Dynamic hydraulic forces)
Soil (Active lateral pressure)
Vertical Loads:
Gravity loads act in the same direction as gravity (i.e., downward or vertically)
and include dead, live, and snow loads. They are generally static in nature and usually considered
a uniformly distributed or concentrated load. Thus, determining a gravity load on a beam or
column is a relatively simple exercise that uses the concept of tributary areas to assign loads to
structural elements, including the dead load (i.e., weight of the construction) and any applied
loads(i.e., live load). For example, the tributary gravity load on a floor joist would include the
uniform floor load (dead and live) applied to the area of floor supported by the individual joist.
Lateral Loads:
The primary loads that produce lateral forces on buildings are attributable to forces associated
with wind, seismic ground motion, floods, and soil. Wind and seismic lateral loads apply to the
entire building. Lateral forces from wind are generated by positive wind pressures on the
windward face of the building and by negative pressures on the leeward face of the building,
creating a combined push and-pull effect. Seismic lateral forces are generated by a structure’s
dynamic inertial response to cyclic ground movement.
The magnitude of the seismic shear (i.e., lateral) load depends on the magnitude of the
ground motion, the buildings mass, and the dynamic structural response characteristics (i.e.,
dampening, ductility ,natural period of vibration ,etc) of the structures, a simplified seismic load
analysis employs equivalent static forces based on fundamental Newtonian mechanics(F=ma)
with somewhat subjective(i.e., experience-based) adjustments to account for inelastic, ductile
response characteristics of various building systems.
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM -
The Town Hall building is consisting of the facility for accommodating 300 persons.
This can be used for marriage functions, Election meetings, cultural programs etc. The building is
planned as a rectangular shaped building. The building is planned with ground floor, Ground
Floor, First Floor with Truss roof. The Building is planned with a floor height of 360cm. The
Building is structurally planned as Column Beam portal frame system with isolated Foundations.
Design parameters
Design loads
Dead loads
The dead loads are in accordance with IS 875 – Part 1 (1987).
For the calculation of dead load acting over beams at various levels the unit weight of the
building materials are taken according to that given in IS 875 Part -I-Dead weight of building
materials. For calculating the live load acting over various floor levels IS 875 Part II is referred.
All the loads are given according to the data given in the floor plans and cross sections given. The
self weight of the structure is taken by the software itself.
The unit weight of Solid brick masonry is taken as =20 kN/m3
The unit weight of concrete is taken as =25 kN/m3
Weight of brick wall = 0.22 x 2.6x20 = 11.4kN/m
Wt of floor finish (Including Services and Ceiling) = 1.5 kN/m2
Self Wt of floor slab (120mm Thick- slab) = 3.0kN/m2
Load considered for water tank (1.5m ht water tank) = 15kN/m2
Truss Loads on roof (Self Wt of Steel Structure + Sheeting Load +future loads) =1kN/ m2
Truss Live Loads (roof with maintenance access only) = 0.75kN/ m2
Truss Wind pressure =1kN/m2 Max on Roof (±)
Total load Considered on framing beams =7.5kN/m
Live loads
The live loads are in accordance with IS 875 – Part 2 (1987).
type Live load (kN/m2)

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Offices, Lounges, 3
Dining Hall,
5
Assembly hall
Verandah and 4
Balconies
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS METHODS
1. LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

a) Earthquake Static Analysis
Linear Static Analysis
The linear static procedure of building is modeled with their linearly elastic stiffness of the
building. The equivalent viscous force damps the approximate values for the lateral loads to near
the yield point. Design earthquake demands for the linear static procedure are represented by
static lateral forces whose sum is equal to the pseudo lateral load. When it is applied to the
linearly elastic model of the building it will result in design displacement amplitudes
approximating maximum displacements that are expected during the design earthquake. To design
the earth quake loads to calculate the internal forces will be reasonable approximate of expected
during to design earth quake.
a) Earthquake Static Analysis
It’s the static analysis of the gravity loads with the combination of earthquake loads. This is
done using the ETABS software, by defining the zone factor, importance factor, Response
Reduction Factor, Soil Conditions, Time period as per IS 1893;-2002. The data and details
furnished in the computer program is as follows,
Determination of Design Base Shear for Seismic Analysis:
As per IS 1893 (Part 1):2016, cl.7.6.2
Fundamental natural period, Ta,

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(Clause 7.6.2.c)
Block 1
h = height of building exclude basement floors = 6.5 m
d- Length of Building (X & Y) = 25m, 17.50m
Tax = 0.28s
Tay = 0.28s
Average Response Acceleration Coefficient Sa /g = 1.00/T = 1.00/1.0 = 1.0
(Clause 6.4.5)
Zone factor (clause 6.4.2 table 2) Z = 0.16
Importance factor (clause 7.2.3 table 8) I = 1.5
Response reduction factor (clause 7.2.6 table 9) R = 5 (SMRF)
Calculation of design seismic pressure
The above parameters are defined in the ETABS software and software itself will calculate
the seismic loads and create the load cases and load combinations. The software automatically has
done the distribution of seismic force.
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Concrete and Reinforcement

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Concrete: M25 for Foundations, M25 for Columns, M25 for Slabs and RCC beams,
M25 for Stairs, M25 for all other components
Steel reinforcement:
Fe500 TMT grade pertaining to IS: 1786 – 1985
Cover:
From durability requirement, environmental exposure condition is assumed as severe
for substructure and super structure.
The nominal cover to outermost reinforcement shall be as follows for two hour fire
rating.
Columns 40mm
Beams 25mm
Slab 20mm
Stair 25mm
Foundations 50mm
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

BRIEF:
The building is modelled as 3D structure and is analysed as SMRF with Shear walls
(Special Moment Resisting Frames).
The FEM based structural software (ETABS 2016 Nonlinear) is used for modeling and
analysis of the building. Ram concept software is used for designing the Post tensioned Slabs.
ETABS NON LINEAR 2016
ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis

and design. Modeling tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and
solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of structure.
Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated using ETABS.
For a sophisticated assessment of seismic performance, modal and direct-integration time-history
analyses may couple with P-Delta and Large Displacement effects. Nonlinear links and
concentrated PMM or fiber hinges may capture material nonlinearity under monotonic or
hysteretic behavior. Intuitive and integrated features make applications of any complexity
practical to implement. Interoperability with a series of design and documentation platforms
makes ETABS a coordinated and productive tool for designs which range from simple 2D frames
to elaborate modern high-rises.
 Graphic input and editing for easy and fast model generation

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 3D generation of the model through plan views and elevations

Fast model generation using the concept of Similar stories
 Accuracy in dimensions by using Snaps (end, perpendicular, middle etc.)
 Multiple viewing windows.
 3D view with zoom and pan capability
 Graphic input of cross sections of any geometry and material (Section

Designer)
 Copy and Paste of the geometry of a model to and from spreadsheets
 Integration with SAP2000 for 3D analysis and design of structural elements

including bridges, dams, tanks and buildings
MODELLING
The basic approach for using the program is very straight forward. The user
establishes grid lines, defines material and structural properties, places structural objects relative
to the grid lines using point, line and area object tool. All the types of loads that the structure is
subjected can be defined and assigned to the appropriate structural components. The analysis can
be performed and the results are generated in graphical or tabular form that can be printed to a
printer or to a file for use in other programs. The following topics describe some of the important
areas in the modeling.
Defining Material Properties
In the property data area, name of the material, mass per unit volume, weight per unit
volume, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio should be specified for each type of material
defined. The mass per unit volume is used in the calculation of self-mass of the structure. The
weight per unit volume is used in calculating the self-weight of the structure.
Defining Frame Sections
Frame sections like beams, columns and are defined under this. The sizes of beams
and columns are fixed here and their reinforcement requirements and concrete covers defined.
Defining Slab Sections
For defining the type of slab section in ETABS, there are three options available based
on its behavior, namely shell type, membrane type and plate type. Shell type behavior means, both
in-plane membrane stiffness and out-of-plane plate bending stiffness can be provided for the
section. Membrane type behavior mean, only in-plane membrane stiffness is provided for the

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section. Plate-type behavior means that only out-of-plane bending stiffness is provided for the
section. In the present analysis, slabs are given shell type behavior to provide in plane stiffness.
Dead load, live load, roof live load, are defined under the ‘static load case’ option of the define
menu. Various load combinations can also be defined in the ‘load combinations’ option of the
define menu.
Member Property Specifications and Support Condition
The dimensions of different members were fixed based on the trial design. The column
dimensions provided for the modeling is as prescribed by the Architect. If necessary it will revised
during the design stage. The member properties assigned are as given below.
Slab
Thickness of the slab = 120mm and 150mm
Beams
The dimensions of the beams are as shown below
Beam Breadth, B Depth, D
Fixed Beams 250mm 500mm
Fixed beam 250mm 600mm
Column:
The column dimensions are as follows:
Ground floor: 300mm X 500mm, 300mm X 400mm, 400mmX 400mm, 300mm dia (steel as
per details)
Staircase:
The staircase is provided as an equivalent slab. The thicknesses of the slab used for staircase
is 200mm
Support condition
As per the Soil report pile foundations are required .Then support conditions were as fixed.

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LOAD COMBINATION
The following are the load combinations as IS: 456-2000
a) Limit State of Collapse- Earth quake load Combinations
1) 1.5 D.L + 1.5 LL
2) 1.5 DL + 1.5 SLX
3) DL - 1.5 SLX
4. 1.5 DL + 1.5 SLY
5. 1.5 DL - 1.5 SLX
6. 0.9 DL + 1.5 SLX
7.0.9 DL - 1.5 SLX
8. 0.9 DL + 1.5 SLY
9.0.9 DL - 1.5 SLY
10.1.2 DL + 1.2LL + 1.2 SLX
11.1.2 DL + 1.2LL - 1.2 SLX
1) 1.2 DL + 1.2LL + 1.2 SLY
12.1.2 DL + 1.2LL - 1.2 SLY
b) Limit State of Serviceability
1) D.L + LL
2) DL + SLX
3) DL - SLX
4) DL + SLY
5) DL - SLX
6) DL + SLX
7) DL + 0.8 LL + 0.8 SLX


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8) DL + 0.8 LL - 0.8 SLX
9) DL + 0.8 LL + 0.8 SLY
10) DL + 0.8 LL - 0.8 SLY
MODELLING IMAGES

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Column Beam Layout


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Wire Frame Model
Extruded Frame Model
DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

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Analysis Results
a) Linear Static Load Analysis
The results of linear static Analysis is verified and tabulated.
1. Lateral Displacements at Terrace Level
Sl No Displacement Displacement due Limiting

due to Eq. Force in to Eq. Force in Deflection (mm)
X Direction (mm) Y Direction (mm
Building 8mm 8mm 26mm
Base Shear Distribution
Sl No Base Shear- Eq. Base Shear- Eq.

Force in X Direction Force in Y Direction (kN)
(kN)
Building 700 700
Modal Direction Factors
Block 1
Modal Load Participation Ratio


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Design Methodology:
All structural concrete elements will be designed according to the Limit State Method
as specified in IS: 456 - 2000 for reinforced concrete elements and detailing will be as per IS
13920:2016 standards.
Design of Foundations
This building is proposed to have individual isolated column footings. Footings are
designed by taking the forces and moments from FEM software. The sizes of footings will be
fixed by making grouping of loads. The Depth of foundation is decided from four factors. The
depth is initially proposed based on Development length required according to the size of bars
used. Then that proposed depth is checked for sufficiency of punching shear (Two way shear) and
diagonal tension (One way shear), then the depth is checked for moment. On finalizing the
satisfying depth for the above conditions area of steel is worked out for the moment according to
the finalized depth. The safe bearing capacity of the soil is adopted as 400kN/m 2 as the foundation
is resting on Hard rock.
Design of columns:
Columns are designed by taking the forces and moments from the FEM software. The
sizes of columns are kept constant at all the stories. The design of column is done considering the
axial compression, biaxial bending moment including slenderness effect. Here, Columns designs
were adopted from Etabs software.
Design of beams
The RC beams and slabs are designed using Excel spreadsheet using the analysis
results from FEM software. The top as well as bottom reinforcement shall consist of at least two
bars throughout the member length.
DETAILING

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All the structural elements were detailed according to IS 456:2000 and SP34. Detailed
drawings were prepared in AutoCAD 2007. Detailing of all the structural elements were done
based on SP 34 and IS 13920:2016
COLUMN DETAILS
Special confining reinforcement as per is 13920:2016

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Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over a length lo from each joint face,
towards midspan, and on either side of any section, where flexural yielding may occur under the
effect of earthquake forces
BEAM DETAILING

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Different things which are to be detailed in Beam Detailing is shown below vide IS
13920:2016,
SLAB DETAILING
Different things which are to be detailed in Slab Detailing is shown below vide sp 34, page
127

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PROJEC TOWN HALL,KUTTAMPUZHA GRAMA

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGNS

The design of a structure must satisfy three basic requirements:

 Stability: - To prevent overturning, sliding or buckling of the structure, or part of it,

Limit State Concept

Limit state of collapse

This is corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity.

This limit state corresponds to:

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

Limit state of serviceability:

This state corresponds to development of excessive deformation and is used for

Hard - Drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement

IS: 6313 (part II): Standards for anti-termite treatment.

IS: 456-2000: Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

IS: SP 34-1987: Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing.

IS: 800 –2007 Code of practice in general construction in Steel.

SP: 16– 1980: Design aid for reinforced concrete to IS 456.

IS 2911 Part IV 2013- Code of Practice for Pile Load Tests.

Load Conditions and Structural System Response:

Building Loads Categorized by Orientation:

Types of loads on a hypothetical building are as follows.

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

Wind (Uplift on roof)

Seismic and wind (Overturning)

Seismic (vertical ground motion)

Horizontal (Lateral) Loads:

Direction of loads is horizontal with respect to the building.

Seismic (Horizontal Ground Motion)

Flood (Static and Dynamic hydraulic forces)

Soil (Active lateral pressure)

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

The unit weight of Solid brick masonry is taken as =20 kN/m3

The unit weight of concrete is taken as =25 kN/m3

Weight of brick wall = 0.22 x 2.6x20 = 11.4kN/m

Wt of floor finish (Including Services and Ceiling) = 1.5 kN/m2

Self Wt of floor slab (120mm Thick- slab) = 3.0kN/m2

Load considered for water tank (1.5m ht water tank) = 15kN/m2

Truss Live Loads (roof with maintenance access only) = 0.75kN/ m2

Truss Wind pressure =1kN/m2 Max on Roof (±)

Total load Considered on framing beams =7.5kN/m

The live loads are in accordance with IS 875 – Part 2 (1987).

type Live load (kN/m2)

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

1. LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

Linear Static Analysis

a) Earthquake Static Analysis

Determination of Design Base Shear for Seismic Analysis:

As per IS 1893 (Part 1):2016, cl.7.6.2

Fundamental natural period, Ta,

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003

h = height of building exclude basement floors = 6.5 m

d- Length of Building (X & Y) = 25m, 17.50m

Average Response Acceleration Coefficient Sa /g = 1.00/T = 1.00/1.0 = 1.0

Zone factor (clause 6.4.2 table 2) Z = 0.16

Importance factor (clause 7.2.3 table 8) I = 1.5

Response reduction factor (clause 7.2.6 table 9) R = 5 (SMRF)

Calculation of design seismic pressure

Concrete and Reinforcement

DATE 03/12/2018 PROJECT CODE THKP/8003