TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT

Academic Year: 2019 – 2020

Qualification: MECHANICAL DRAFTING NC 1

MEDRFT 112
BASIC MACHINE STOP OPERATION
Name of Student Student Number
MACARAIG, KYLE IRIS G.
Year and Section
1st YEAR – MDI
MR. ANGELO N. ALBALATE
TVET Trainer/ Insrustor IV
 A. Define the following
ENGINEERING
The branch of science and technology concerned with the design,
building, and use of engines, machines, and structures.

ENGINEERING DRAWING
An engineering drawing, a type of technical drawing, is used to fully and
clearly define requirements for engineered items. More than merely
the drawing of pictures, it is also a language a graphical language that
communicates ideas and information from one mind to another

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Engineering graphics is the creation of engineering drawings. These are
representations of physical objects/locations on paper or in 2 dimensional or 3
Dimensional electronic format.

TECHNOLOGY
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in
industry.

DRAFTING
Is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate
how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential for
communicating ideas in industry and engineering.

MECHANICAL DRAWING
A scale drawing of a mechanical or architectural structure done with
precision instruments.
MECHANICAL DRAFTING
Mechanical drafting is a specialist profession based on technical drafting and
computer-aided drafting (CAD) that concentrates on blueprints of machines and
machine components used by engineers

TECHNICAL DRAWING
Is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering. To make the
drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspectives, units of
measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page layout.

TECHNICAL DRAFTING
the study and practice, esp as a subject taught in school, of the basic tech
niques of draughtsmanship, as employed in mechanical drawing, architecture,
etc.

B. Objectives in Drawing

The objectives of drawing are simple. To enjoy yourself and to

want to get your work out into the world for people's enjoyment. In the
short term, the objectives of drawing are to understand your subject
and to replicate it as accurately as you can, balancing skill,
observation and personal expression.
 C. Kinds of Drafting Materials

DRAFTING TABLE and STAND

Its antique form, a kind of multipurpose desk which
can be used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu
sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a large
format book or other oversized document or for drafting
precise technical illustrations.

T-SQUARE
Is a technical drawing instrument used primarily
as a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting
table. It may also guide a set square to draw vertical or
diagonal lines.

TRIANGLE
Are precision tools for drawing lines at specific angles.
They are used with a T-square to drawing vertical and angled
lines. A draftsman's triangle always has one right angle 90°.

TRIANGULAR SCALE
Is a ruler that has a 3-lobed cross-section with 6
different types of scales on the edges (2 on each face)
used for measuring and preparing scaledrawings such
as blueprints and maps. It is also called an
architect's scale.

COMPASS
Is a technical drawing instrument that can be used for
inscribing circles or arcs. As dividers, they can also be used as
tools to measure distances, in particular on maps. Compasses
can be used for mathematics, drafting, navigation and other
purposes.
DIVIDER
Consist of a jointed pair of legs, each with a sharp point.
They can be used for geometrical operations such as scribing
circles but also for taking off and transferring dimensions. In the
latter configuration, as a device fordrawing circles,
the dividers became a pair of compasses.

PROTRACTOR
Is a measuring instrument, typically made of
transparent plastic or glass, for measuring angles. Most
protractors measure angles in degrees. Radian-scale
protractors measure angles in radians. Most protractors are
divided into 180 equal parts.

FRENCH CURVE
Is a template usually made from metal, wood or plastic
composed of many different curves. It is used in manual drafting
and in fashion design to draw smooth curves of varying radii.
The shapes are segments of the Euler spiral or clothoid curve.

ERASING SHIELD
Is a thin sheet of stainless steel or plastic with slots and
holes of different shapes. They are designed to allow erasers to
be used through them to erase lines and text without removing
lines close by which do not need to be (or should not be) erased.
Then use an eraser over the top.

PENCIL SHARPENER
Is a tool for sharpening a pencil's writing point by shaving
away its worn surface. Pencil sharpeners may be operated
manually or by an electric motor. It is common for many
sharpeners to have a casing around them, which can be
removed for emptying the pencil shavings debris into a trash bin.
SANDPAPER PAD
Is the simple way to keep a point on difficult-to-
sharpen drawing pencils, charcoal, pastels, or crayons. Each
block contains 12 sheets of 1" × 4"
fine sandpaper (approximately 25 mm × 100 mm), padded and
mounted on a wood block. 4.9. Rated 4.89 out of 5 stars. 27
ReviewsWrite a Review.

PENCIL
Is an implement for writing or drawing,
constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core in a
protective casing that prevents the core from being
broken and/or marking the user's hand.

DRAFTING PAPER
Coordinate paper, grid paper, or squared paper is
writing paper that is printed with fine lines making up a
regular grid. The lines are often used as guides for plotting
graphs of functions or experimental data and drawing
curves.

PENCIL ERACER
Also referred to as an erasil or eraser-tip pencil,
apencil eraser looks like a pencil with a vinyl erasertip. You
can sharpen it to a point, like a regular pencil, so it provides a
lot of precision. But it can be harsh on paper: Use it with care.

DRAFTING TAPE
Is similar to duct tape in that it has a wide variety
of uses, but differs in several key areas. Drafting tape is
not nearly as strong as duct tape or Gaffer tape; it will
break with minimal effort, and is not waterproof.
 D. Kinds of Drawing Instruments

DRAWING PENCIL
Grades of drawing pencils are organized in a scale based
on softness or hardness. An "HB" pencil is found directly in the
center of the scale. "H" pencils feature harder graphite. (The "H"
stands for "hard".) ... In other words, a "4H" pencil is harder than
a "2H"pencil while a "4B" pencil is softer than a "2B" pencil.

PENCIL SHARPENER
Is a tool for sharpening a pencil's writing point by
shaving away its worn surface. Pencil sharpeners may be
operated manually or by an electric motor. It is common for
many sharpeners to have a casing around them, which can be
removed for emptying the pencil shavings debris into a trash bin.

PROTRACTOR
It is a semicircular tool used to measure or layout
angle/arc.

COMPASS
Draws large arcs and circles in pencil or pen point.

RULER
sometimes called a rule or line gauge, is a device used
in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering
and construction industries, to measure or draw straight lines.

SET SQUARE
A set square or triangle is an object used in
engineering and technical drawing, with the aim of providing a
straightedge at a right angle or other particular planar angle to
a baseline. The simplest form of set square is a triangular
piece of transparent plastic with the centre removed.
FRENCH CURVE
Available in many sizes and shapes to draw
irregular curves. Align more points than drawn against
at a time. Keep moving the curve. Any portion of the
curve can be used.

CIRCLE TEMPLATES
Are Stencils with Circle Cutouts used in Drafting
to Draw Circles. A circle template has labeled cutouts to
quickly add precisely measured circle and arc elements
to a drawing without the aid of a scaled ruler or
compass.

PAPERS
Is a thin material produced by pressing together
moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or
grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a
versatile material with many uses, including writing,
printing, packaging, cleaning, decorating, and a number of
industrial and construction processes.

E. Drawing Papers Sheets Sizes

INTERNATIONAL SIZE IN MILLIMETER

The millimetre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau
of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling)
is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which
is the SI base unit of length. The International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) defined three series of paper formats for international usage however they
are not commonly used in the United States. The ISO paper sizes are based on
the metric system with an aspect ratio of 1.4142:1. This allows the paper to be
cut parallel to its shorter side and result in two equal pieces with the same
width/height ration. One millimetre is equal
to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. Since an inch is officially defined
as exactly 25.4 millimetres, a millimetre is therfore equal to exactly 5⁄127 (≈
0.03937) of an inch.

STANDARD U.S. SIZE

The U.S, along with Canada and some parts of Mexico, are among the
only areas that do not follow the ISO 216 standard paper sizes. Instead, they use
Letter, Legal, Executive and Ledger/Tabloid paper sizes. Whether you’re
designing a poster, tabloid newspapers or business cards, you’ll want to ensure
your design is the right size.

North America Loose Paper Sizes

 Half Letter: 8.5 in x 5.5 in

Aspect Ratio: 1:1.5455

Common Print Uses: book pages, flyers, greeting cards, postcards,

invitations, and notepads.

 Letter: 8.5 in x 11 in
 Aspect Ratio: 1:1.2941

Common Print Uses: books, flyers, greeting cards, letterhead, notepads, and
brochures

 Legal: 8.5 in x 14 in
Aspect Ratio: 1:1.6471

Common Print Uses: flyers and brochures

 Ledger/Tabloid: 11 in x 17 in
Aspect Ratio: 1:1.5455

Common Print Uses: flyers and brochures

ANSI Standard Paper Sizes

The American National Standards Institute, or ANSI, defined a regular series of

letter paper sizes, the A series, based on the letter format of 8.5 in x 11 in. Larger
sizes, such as Ledger or Tabloid, are B, C, D, and E. ANSI standard sizes have
two aspect ratios – 1:1.2941 and 1:1.5455. Enlarging and reducing between
these sizes is not as easy and leaves wider margins on the adjusted document.

 ANSI A: 8.5 in x 11 in
Common Print Uses: book pages, flyers, greeting cards, letterhead,
notepads, and brochures.

 ANSI B: 11 in x 17 in
Common Print Uses: flyers and brochures.

 ANSI C: 17 in x 22 in
Common Print Uses: flyers and brochures

 ANSI D: 22 in x 34 in
 ANSI E: 34 in x 44 in