Philippine Women’s University

JOSE ABAD SANTOS MEMORIAL SCHOOL

Written Report
ANOVA (One- way and Two-way)

Group 6
Balacy, Beatriz
Delarmente, Mikaela
Domingo, Allyana Chaye
Fidelino, Larissa Milliscent
Karundeng, Jovelent Crissanta

T. Joyce Calingasan

22 October 2018

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ANOVA
Definition
● ANOVA are a combination of the word Analysis Of Variances. The one way ANOVA are
used to determine whether there’s a statistically significant differences between the
means of two or more unrelated independent group.
Purpose
● The test allows comparison of more than two groups at the same time to
determine whether a relationship exists between them. The test analyzes
multiple groups to determine the types between and within samples.
Types of ANOVA
● ONE WAY ANOVA
- Definition
> The one way ANOVA only involves 1 factor or independent variables. The null
hypothesis of these are when the two means are equal while if it is not then it has
a significant differences with each others.
- Purpose
> Determine if the means of these independent unrelated groups have a
significant differences with the of F-distribution.
- Sample Studies/ Research Question
>Are there differences in GPA by grade level (freshmen vs. sophomores vs.
juniors)?
>You have a group of individuals randomly split into smaller groups and
completing different tasks. For example, you might be studying the effects of tea
on weight loss and form three groups: green tea, black tea, and no tea.
- Number of groups required
> The one-way anova requires three or more groups and can be used in two
study designs.
> In the first design, a group of individuals is recruited and will be then divided
into three or more groups which will undergo different treatments to see the
different outcomes. On the second design, the individuals will be split into three
or more groups depending on an independent variable. The independent
variables is often called an attribute independent variable as the individuals are
grouped by the similarities in attributes. Each group will then undergo the same
testing and experience the same condition.
● TWO WAY ANOVA (Factorial Analysis)
- Definition
> Two-way ANOVA used to determine the effect of two nominal predictor
variables on a continuous outcome variable and tests for differences in the
effects of independent variables on a dependent variable. A two-way ANOVA
tests the effect of two independent variables on a dependent variable. A two-way
ANOVA test analyzes the effect of the independent variables on the expected
outcome along with their relationship to the outcome itself. Random factors would

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be considered to have no statistical influence on a data set, while systematic

factors would be considered to have statistical significance.
- Purpose:
> A factorial ANOVA compares means across two or more independent
variables. The primary purpose of a two-way ANOVA is to understand if there is
an interaction between the two independent variables on the dependent variable.
The interaction term in a two-way ANOVA informs you whether the effect of one
of your independent variables on the dependent variable is the same for all
values of your other independent variable (and vice versa)
- Sample studies/research question
> A researcher was interested in whether an individual's interest in politics was
influenced by their level of education and gender. They recruited a random
sample of participants to their study and asked them about their interest in
politics, which they scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a greater
interest in politics. The researcher then divided the participants by gender
(Male/Female) and then again by level of education (School/College/University).
Therefore, the dependent variable was "interest in politics", and the two
independent variables were "gender" and "education".
- Number of groups required
>The one-way anova requires three or more groups and can be used in two
study designs.
Data level and Assumptions
- The level of measurement of the variables and assumptions of the test play an
important role in ANOVA. In ANOVA, the dependent variable must be a continuous
(interval or ratio) level of measurement. The independent variables in ANOVA must
be categorical (nominal or ordinal) variables. Like the t-test, ANOVA is also a
parametric test and has some assumptions.
● normal distribution of data
● m independent simple random samples
● m constant variance
Variance Ratio
- An analysis of variance constructs tests to determine the significance of the
classification effects. A typical goal in an analysis of variance is to compare means of
the response variable for various combinations of the classification variables. An
analysis of variance may be written as a linear model. The two-way analysis of
variance is an extension to the one-way analysis of variance. There are two
independent variables. Two-way ANOVA determines how a response is affected by
two factors. The two independent variables in a two-way ANOVA are called factors.
The idea is that there are two variables, factors, which affect the dependent variable.
Each factor will have two or more levels within it, and the degrees of freedom for each
factor is one less than the number of levels. In the 2 way ANOVA interactions
between row and column. These are differences between rows that are not the same
at each column, equivalent to variation between columns that is not the same at each
row. For each component in the 2 way ANOVA table consists of sum-of-squares,

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degrees of freedom, mean square, and the F ratio. Each F ratio is the ratio of the
mean-square value for that source of variation to the residual mean square (with
repeated-measures ANOVA, the denominator of one F ratio is the mean square for
matching rather than residual mean square).

Source of Sums of Squares (SS) Degrees of Mean Squares F

Variation Freedom (df) (MS)

Between k-1
Treatments

Error (or N-k

Residual)

Total N-1

● X = individual observation,

● = sample mean of the jth treatment (or group),

● = overall sample mean,
● k = the number of treatments or independent comparison groups, and
● N = total number of observations or total sample size.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
One-way ANOVA - Violations to the assumptions of this test and how to report the results |
Laerd Statistics. (2018). Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-
anova-statistical-guide-3.php

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Staff, I. (2018). Analysis Of Variance - ANOVA. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/anova.asp#ixzz5UZtZbFM4
Hypothesis Testing - Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). (2018). Retrieved from
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/BS/BS704_HypothesisTesting-
ANOVA/BS704_HypothesisTesting-Anova_print.html
Two-way ANOVA in SPSS Statistics - Step-by-step procedure including testing of assumptions |
Laerd Statistics. (2018). Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/two-way-
anova-using-spss-statistics.php
ANOVA Test: Definition, Types, Examples. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/probability-and-statistics/hypothesis-
testing/anova/
ANOVA. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.kean.edu/~fosborne/bstat/08ANOVA.html