Mother Tongue - PERSONAL
NARRATIVE/ESSAY
(account for personal
experience)
Prof. Lanuza - INVITATION
LETTER
Compromise Agreement -
COURT ORDER (between
two parties)
Why Do They Say that Our
English is Bad?
ACADEMIC TEXT (posing a
question, problematizing a
concept, evaluating opinions
and ends in answering the
question and arguing for a
stand)
Three purposes:
inform
persuade
argue for a stand
Academic Writing needs
thinking; it requires:
deliberate
thorough understanding
carefully thought
It has the ff:
CONTENT - clarifies the topic
STRUCTURE - proper use of
words
LANGUAGE & STYLE -
author; vernacular (grammar,
punctuations, etc)
MECHANICS - proper use of
indention, etc
Layman’s Term - common
words
Critical Reading - scrutinizing
any info that you read/hear; not
easily believing any offered info
Garry Goshgarian - active
process of discovery
Ramage, Bean and Johnson -
Ways on How to Critical Read
Love is a Fallacy by Max
Shulman
Dicto Simpliciter - argument
based on an unqualified
generalization (exercising)
Hasty Generalization - few
instances to support the
- conclusion (French)
Post Hoc - picnic
Contradictory Premises -
premises of an argument
contradict each other, there are
no argument
Appeal to Pity
False Analogy -
Poisoning the Well
Text - stretch of language w/c is
perceived as a purposeful
connected whole
Structures:
Paragraph - set of sentences
with one idea; 3-5 sentences
Parts:
Topic - main idea
Supporting - define
Patterns of Paragraph
Development:
DEDUCTIVE - beginning
INDUCTIVE - end
DEDUCTIVE - INDUCTIVE
- beginning and restated at the
end
INDUCTIVE - DEDUCTIVE
- middle
HINTED - not stated but
implied
Classifications of Paragraph:
INDEPENDENT - stands on
its own
INTRODUCTORY -
introduces the topic
DEVELOPMENTAL -
develop/support the main idea
TRANSITIONAL -
joining/linking of paragraph
CONCLUDING - summary of
the topic
Different Formats
ABC
Abstract - short
introduction
Body - longest part;
develop the main idea
Conclusion -
gives/narrates a brief summary
IBC
PVC
Preview - final view
View
Review - checking
Jargons - language of a certain
profession; used by specific
group of people
Medicalese - doctors
Motherese - mothers
Legalese - lawyers
Journalese - journalism
Commercialese/Mercantilese -
business
Technicalese - technocrafts
Diplomatese - diplomats
Telegraphese - text
Computerese - computer
Teacherese - teachers
Discourse - written/spoken
communication; stretch of
language larger than a sentence
Thesis statement: Every
composition has a controlling
idea in the form of declarative
sentence.
Forms of Discourse:
EXPOSITION - explain
NARRATION - narrate
ARGUMENTATION - argue
DESCRIPTION - describe
PERSUASION - persuade
Reaction Paper - analysis of a
text
Wikihow - response
paper
Facts - proven
Opinions - own insight
Claims - assertions
Language use - appropriate
language
Stylistic - manner of a
written text
Principles of Effective Writing
Accuracy - preciseness
Brevity - conciseness, briefness
Consistency - unity
Coherence - seeking together
of ideas
Concreteness - specificity
Completeness - thoroughness
Clarity - clearness
Diction - word choice
Emphasis
Order

Summarizing - shorter form;

1/3
Paraphrasing - rewording or
rephrasing

Approaches:
CULTURAL - culture of races
Material - tools of
ancestors
Non-material - beliefs
IMPRESSIONISTIC -
impression
MORAL/HUMANISTIC -
morally right or wrong
FORMALISTIC/LITERARY
- formal appearance
PSYCHOLOGICAL - mental
framework
SOCIOLOGICAL -
interaction
Biographical - life story
Gender - feministic
Political - societal issues
and politics
Psychoanalytic - theory
of Sigmund Freud (diff levels of
person)