Chapter I

E-JEEPNEYS: ONE STEP TO A MODERNIZED TACLOBAN THROUGH JEEPNEY

MODERNIZATION

Background of the Study

Filipinos of any age come and go, and the majority of the country’s population relies on

public utility vehicles or PUVs to reach a certain destination. Some may have privately owned

vehicles but a wide number of people in the Philippines still choose to commute. May it be cars,

tricycles, motorcycles, airplanes, boats or even jeepneys, most Filipinos have made these Public

Utility Vehicles or PUVs as main modes of transport.

In this generation, these vehicles have changed, grew old, and rusted as time went by.

With this, old vehicles such as jeepneys have been one of the major causes of accidents in the

country. The damage that these accidents have caused did not only cost million-peso worth of

establishments and infrastructures, but it also left the majority of those in the said road-related

accidents wounded, fractured and even life itself is taken away due to these kinds of accidents.

A study shows that jeepneys are the second most used mode of transportation in Metro

Manila with a 19.1% of the total trips made in the region. The majority of commuters in the

Philippines resort to jeepneys because it is faster and cheaper than other PUVs. To ensure the

safety and protect the health of the commuters, and even the Mother Earth, the government has

planned to replace the old jeepneys aged 15 years or older with the innovated environment-

friendly vehicle, the E-jeepney comprised of safety features.

1
 In the city of Tacloban, Kawayan was one of the barangays to avail the e-jeepney. It was

the chosen area of the local government unit within Tacloban to first use the vehicle because it

has less transportation to reach its route. Also, it has been said that the majority of the affected

people by the Typhoon Haiyan are in Kawayan, which contains a huge number of commuters.

That being said, despite the implementation of the Jeepney Modernization, none of the PUVs

bound for the Kawayan-Tacloban Route has been phased outs only adding E-jeepneys to the said

area.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective:

 What are the effects of the addition of the E-jeepneys to the residents of Kawayan,

Tacloban City?

Specific Objectives:

 Are there any advantages and disadvantages that are present upon adding the E-jeepneys
to the area?

 What are the significant difference of E-jeepney and the standard gas-powered jeepney?

 What are the problems that are encountered by the residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City

that are solved by the addition of the E-jeepneys?

Significance of the Study

This study will be of advantage to the following:

2
 To the Future Researchers. Since this study is the first of its kind, it will benefit the

other researchers in a way that studies as such will have a related study to rely on. It can also be

used as a basis or a guide for other researchers who intend to work on jeepney-modernization-

related studies.

To the commuters. This study will benefit the commuters since it covers the issues that

concerns commuters, there will be more actions that the government will take which will

improve other E-jeepneys that will also be placed in different areas in the city.

To the residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City. The respondents of the study are the

residents of the area, namely—students, parents and barangay officials. This will benefit these

respondents because the thoughts and insights of each are pointed out and acknowledged for the

public and the government to know the issues that are to be solved or that were solved in relation

to E-jeepneys.

Scope and Limitations

This study is conducted to discuss the effect of the addition of the E-jeepneys to the

residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City a month after the Jeepney Modernization was implemented

in the city. This study is conducted in a period of 3 months from March to May, 2018 which

looked into specific aspects such as the advantages, disadvantages, significant differences

between the e-jeepneys and the standard gas-powered jeepneys, and the problems that the

residents have encountered that were solved by the addition of the E-Jeepneys.

However, the certainty of response of the residents in Kawayan to the questions provided

by the researchers are undefined and beyond the researcher’s prior knowledge.

3
Definition of Terms

E-jeepney. The Electric Jeepney (E-Jeepney) is a recent development in the Philippines that

provides a sustainable, clean form of public transportation. It uses solar power to run and it

provides comfort to the commuters.

Jeepney. A Philippine twin-benched jitney bus, seating about a dozen passengers which is one of

the most common Public Utility Vehicles that are used by commuters in the country.

Modernization. The process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.

Public Utility Vehicle or PUV. It is a utility vehicle that is generally motorized which is

designed to carry out a specific task with more efficiency than a passenger vehicle. It drives

commuters to and from certain destinations.

Jeepney Modernization. It is a development that is initiated by the government wherein it puts

new and safer jeepneys, phasing out poorly maintained ones which will help in minimizing road-

related accidents.

4
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section presents various concepts and published materials relevant or similar to the

study at hand. Most of the studies included are from the internet which assisted the researchers in

formulating, developing and discussing briefly the research problem.

Review of Related Literature

Jeepneys are known as the “King of the Road” in the past century in the Philippines up to

now. It is also known for being the popular main mode of transport within the country and it

serves as a symbolic visual presentation of a Filipino spirit. It is believed that the name jeepney

come from the words “jeep” and “knee” because of the knee-to-knee seating style inside the

vehicle.

The design of the jeepney was adapted by the Filipinos from the US military jeeps that

were left over right after the World War 2. It is designed to accommodate 20 passengers at most;

10 on the left and as well as the right side. A jeepney packed with passengers can be described as

a can of sardines because of its shoulder-unto-armpit, back-unto-chest, shoulder-unto-shoulder,

elbow-unto-hipbone, and unavoidable thigh-on-thigh intimacy.

Based on the Philippine News Agency website, the Department of Transportation (DOTr)

launched the public utility vehicles (PUV) Modernization Program on Tuesday, which is an

initiative that seeks to “overhaul” the country’s public transportation system. The program has

initially deployed 45 solar-powered jeepneys supplied by the Star8 Green Technology Corp. The

5
jeepneys cover the Tacloban-Palanog route intended to improve accessibility to resettlement sites

occupied by thousands of Super Typhoon Yolanda.

The CNN Philippines website once featured Zenaida Maranan, leader of the federation of

Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association of the Philippines and Jun Magno, president of the

Stop and Go Transport Coalition which talked about the government’s jeepney modernization

program during an interview with CNN Philippines. In Metro Manila, the iconic jeepney is at

risk of being phased out. A government program which aims to hopefully upgrade current

jeepneys with environment-friendly features and adding new routes. But, the transition might be

too risky for drivers who say it might even drive them out of their jobs.

According to the LTFRB, the Department of Transportation or the Public Utility Vehicle

Modernization Program (PUVMV), a flagship program of the Duterte administration which

envisions a restructured, modern, well-managed, and environmentally sustainable transport

sector where drivers and operators have stable, sufficient, and dignified livelihoods while

commuters get to their destinations quickly, safely and comfortably.

As discussed by Robertzon Ramirez and Thomas Orbos, the Department of

Transportation will remove jeepneys that are at least 15 years old from streets as part of the

government’s transport modernization program. According to what Orbos said, they would start

taking out the problematic jeepneys and they could not physically remove all old jeepneys from

the road at the same time. Whether commuters or the public transport operators like it or not,

change is upon the transportation scene in the Philippines. The awful traffic in Manila coupled

with its prehistoric Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) has been the cause of suffering for all

6
commuters. Not only are these vehicles causing a lot of inconvenience to the public, but are also

a threat to their health and the environment.

The phase out of public utility vehicles more than 15 years old is in line with the

modernization plans of transport-related government agencies to ensure the safety and

convenience of commuters. In an earlier statement, ACTO president Efren de Luna explained

that they staged the protest to prompt the LTFRB to hold talks with their group, claiming that the

agency had been snubbing them. According to him, one concern, in particular, was whether the

phase out of public utility jeepneys (PUJs) would be done in one go or gradually.

According to Almorado (2013) in her study, Fortifying a Developing Public Transport

System: A Pursuit For The Optimal Price In The Philippine focusing on The Light Rail Transit

(LRT), that serves as mass transport system where it is assumed to be priced optimally and

efficiently. However, its financial statements had been continually reporting massive losses from

its operations such that it failed to recover its investments during the allotted time and hindered it

from fully expanding its services. This study then enabled the researcher to identify the different

price levels, which would cover the operating costs and the additional amount for the debt

payment. We then examined our proposed price against the reported price set by the LRTA,

where we justified the price hike for the LRT fares. This study can contribute to a more

transparent reasoning for the price hike, where commuters can distinguish the components for

the drastic price increase.

As stated by Napalang (2016) in her study conducted for the National Academy of

Science and Technology entitled Breakthroughs and Breakdowns of Transportation System in

The Philippines, focused on Urban Transportation such as roads, air transport, water transport

7
issues that need to be addressed by the government. She also discussed the challenges in Urban

Transport Development where she found out that public transport system design (routes) not

systematically organized (rationalized). The dominance of jeepneys, utility vehicles, and

tricycles as urban public transport were said to contribute to severe traffic congestion,

particularly around transit terminals and public markets, particularly in smaller urban centers and

there is a need for public transport terminals that integrate different modes of public transport.

Generally, level of service of public transport is poor due to long travel time and safety.

Lirios (2004) in her study Assessment of the current Transportation System management

in Davao City with focus on Vehicular Flow Improvement, she focused on the current

Transportation System management (TSM) being practiced at Davao City. Likewise, the study

aims to make more effective the present transportation system by presenting low-cost measures,

which may be implemented by the local government to improve vehicular flow. The program

TRAFNETSIM was used in simulating the existing transportation network and the possible

changes it will undergo upon the implementation of the proposed improvements.

As explained by Narboneta (2016) in her study Metro Manila's Public Transportation

Sector: Implementing a Multimodal Public Transportation Route Planner Public transportation

provides commuters with a convenient method to reach their destination faster and cheaper

compared with private vehicles. However, this is not always the case for Metro Manila because

many Filipinos have a negative perception of using public transportation. This paper first

discusses the researchers' study of the travel behavior of Metro Manila commuters and the status

of its public transportation sector based on their Metro Manila Public Transport Travel Survey.

Information from the survey was used to implement a multimodal public transportation route

planner for Metro Manila, which is designed to provide commuters with facts about public

8
transportation. This should change its negative image and entice more people to use the services.

The analysis of the publicly distributed General Transit Feed Specification data provided by the

government is discussed. All these findings support the researchers' goal of improving Metro

Manila's public transportation.

In the article of Marc Adrian found in the imoney.com website, according to him the

Jeepney Modernization program is an initiative of the government which will put in new and

safer jeepneys on the street and phase out the old and poorly maintained ones. It was initially

introduced by the LTFRB in 2015. Outdated jeepneys seek to minimize in the street, boost

passenger safety, and prevent pollution by imposing an age limit for transport vehicles that are

allowed to operate.

As reported by Jovic Yee (2017), to help drivers through the transitions DOTr has

partnered with the Land Bank of the Philippines and the Development Bank of the Philippines to

provide the program’s lending facility. Loans under the program carry a 6-percent interest and is

payable within seven years.The government has also set aside an initial subsidy of P2.2

billion.The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) noted that the

P80,000 subsidy per driver was enough to cover equity requirements.

According to Llanesca T. Panti, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte is bent on phasing out

old jeepneys next year even with the strong opposition of drivers and operators. Under the

jeepney modernization plan, jeepneys and other public utility vehicles such as buses and vans

aged 15 years and above will not be allowed on the roads.

According to, Iñigo S. Roces, 2017, With just months leading up to the planned

implementation of the Public Utility Vehicle (PUV) Modernization program, the government and

9
jeepney operators continue to clash over requirements and regulations. Indeed, the jeepney has

become a national icon for the country, but its many shortcomings are beginning to be a

hindrance to efficient operation.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the discussion on the research design, respondents of the study,

locale of the study, and the conceptual and theoretical framework.

Research Design

This research made of the case study research design to further assess the effects of

jeepney modernization.

To attain the desired results, the descriptive approach was used since it was deemed

appropriate to determine and identify the effects of the addition of the E-jeepneys to the residents

of Kawayan, Tacloban.

Data Gathering Process

The researchers conducted a focused group discussion to gather information and data on

the effects experienced by the residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City on the addition of the

E-jeepneys since Kawayan is the route taken by most E-jeepneys in Tacloban City.

Respondents of the Study

10
 The respondents of the study were the citizens of Tacloban City currently living in the

vicinity in Kawayan where most e-jeepneys are positioned. Respondents were depending on the

age, occupation, gender, etc. This study aims to interview at least 9 individuals; three students,

three barangay officials, and three mployees living within the vicinity of Kawayan—where the e-

jeepneys are currently of service.

Sampling Technique

The researchers chose the purposive sampling technique because it was deemed

appropriate in determining the desired population and those to be involved in the study. The

respondents are chosen on the basis of their experiences and knowledge of the information

desired.

Locale of the Study

Kawayan, Tacloban City was chosen as the locale of the study. Kawayan is one of the

barangays in Tacloban City to avail the E-jeepneys and is currently the base of operation of the

modernized jeepneys.

Research Instrument

The researchers conducted a Focused Group Discussion to gather essential data and

information from the residents living within the vicinity of the supposed operations of E-

jeepneys in Kawayan, Tacloban City.

11
References

www.philstar.com/headlines. (2017, 12 27). Retrieved March 2018, from jeepney-

phaseout-begins-january-2018#IXo5ZTAeUqilrEBf.99:
http://www.philstar.com/headlines
www.topgear.com.ph. (2017, 10 16). Retrieved March 2018, from news/motoring-
news/puv-modernization-jeepney-operators-dotr: https://www.topgear.com.ph
cnnphilippines.com. (2018, 01 11). Retrieved March 2018, from on-the-record-jeepney-
modernization.html: http://cnnphilippines.com/news/
ltfrb.gov.ph. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from puv-modernization-2:
http://ltfrb.gov.ph/index.php/
www.coursehero.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from /13688801/CHAPTER-II:
https://www.coursehero.com
www.google.com.pham/business.inquirer.net. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from
jeepney-modernization-program-draws-cheers-jeers/amp:
https://www.google.com.pham/business.inquirer.net
www.imoney.ph. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from articles/jeepney-puv-modernization-
program: https://www.imoney.ph
www.manilatimes.net. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from jeepney-modernization-go-
duterte?368320: http://www.manilatimes.net
www.manilatimes.net. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from puv-modernization-good-
go/349950/: http://www.manilatimes.net
www.sciencedirect.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2018, from science/article/pii:
http://www.sciencedirect.com

12
 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Interviews with the residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City, namely—students, parents and

barangay officials provided themes that are relating to the Jeepney Modernization

Results

Comfortability of the E-jeepney to the commuters

The comfortability of the E-jeepney was an advantage for the commuters because in the

standard gas-powered jeepneys passengers are compressed in a small space thus making the

wayfarers feel awkward and uncomfortable. Due to the E-jeepneys design, there is a big

difference between the two vehicles; passengers no longer encounter discomfort when riding an

E-jeepney. According to Rowena, one of the parents:

“Halu-ag. Diri nagkakatapo it mga tuhod ngan diri mapaso.” [Spacious. The knees don’t

hit each other and it is not hot.]

One of the major concerns of the commuters was how close bodies were to each other

and how tight the seating is.

Easy Accessible Vehicles

One of the problems that were encountered by the commuters in the said area is the

availability of the vehicles bound for the Kawayan-Tacloban route. The number of E-jeepneys

present in the Kawayan made it more convenient for the commuters in reaching a particular

destination which is cited in the Philippine news agency that it is intended to improve

13
accessibility to resettlement sites occupied by the survivors from the Super Typhoon Yolanda.

As stated by Liza:

“Okay nagihap kay damo na it sarakyan, diri na makuri.” [It is already okay since there

are already a lot of vehicles and it is not hard to catch a ride anymore.]

Eco-friendly

E-jeepneys aims to slowly contribute in decreasing the carbon-dioxide and carbon-

monoxide emissions in the atmosphere by taking advantage of solar power. As stated by Vilma,

a barangay official:

“Iwas pollution gihapon.” [It prevents pollution as well].

Through this an exhaust system is not present in the e-jeepneys design, since E-jeepneys

do not depend on gasoline, diesel, etc. gases are not its primary source of energy. The E-jeepneys

are also barely capable of producing sound which also helps in decreasing noise pollution

especially in the city.

Disadvantages of E-jeepneys

Due to its structure, design and how it gets its power. The E-jeepney is not suited for

carrying heavy loads, according to Rowena, a parent, during the interview:

“Maximum la ada na puyde ikarga kay usa kasako nga bugas aada la ha purtahan.” [The

maximum weight that can be accepted inside is about the weight of one sack of rice on the door.]

E-jeepneys also travel slowly to conserve energy especially on rainy days.

14
 Discussion

This study addresses the insights and opinions of residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City on

the addition of the E-Jeepney action of the government. This chapter holds the qualitative

research interviews conducted on with nine respondents who have lived for more than 15 years

in the said area, namely—students, parents and barangay officials.

Less Hassle for the Commuters to go to and from certain destinations

According to an article written by Sarwell Meniano, the E-jeepneys are intended to

improve accessibility to resettlement sites occupied by thousands of Super Typhoon Yolanda

victims. With this number of residents that have resettled in the Northern Barangays of Tacloban,

there has been a big effect on the way commuters of the said area go back and forth to the city

knowing that there is only a few of the standard gas-powered jeepneys that rounds the routes.

Comfortability of the E-jeepneys to the Commuters

Jeepneys are believed to come from the combination of the words “jeep” and “knee”

because of the knee-to-knee seating style inside the vehicle—which is one of the major concerns

of every commuter. It has been said that the concern of the commuters was to how

uncomfortable the standard gas-powered jeepneys were. The government has taken actions for

this concern, thus changing the design when it came to the E-jeepneys. Since Kawayan,

Tacloban City is one of those areas in the city that were able to first experience riding the E-

jeepney first-hand, the respondents took notice as to how the design of the said vehicle offers

comfortability. There is no need for slouching when riding the vehicle, seats are only limited to a

certain number which is 20; no more, no less. In every seat accumulated, there is a small fan on

15
the ceiling and the students that have experienced the e-jeepneys highly appreciated the phone-

charging areas.

Easy accessible vehicles

Between the number of population that are occupying in resettlement areas in Tacloban

City and the number of vehicles that roam the routes going to and from certain destinations, there

is a big difference in the ratio of these two. Before e-jeepneys, commuters had to wait for more

than an hour just to get a ride home. But now, with the e-jeepneys, vehicles have been easily

accessible for the commuters. Before E-jeepneys, there is only one place where you access the

standard gas-powered jeepneys or multicabs and a long line awaits each commuter. But with

E-jeepneys, since these vehicles doesn’t have a specific route or a specific stations, it can easily

be accessed by all commuters.

Eco-friendly

Since the E-jeepney runs on solar power, it lessens the Carbon Monoxide present in the

atmosphere. Most of the respondents took into consideration the fact that the E-jeepney is eco-

friendly. In spreading awareness of this effect in the environment, the production of

environment-friendly vehicles will grow, and the city will be less polluted making it safer for the

current and future generations.

Disadvantages of the E-jeepney

Although the E-jeepneys seem promising, it also has its own drawbacks. Since E-

jeepneys are needed to be light as possible. Heavy objects are prohibited to be boarded inside the

E-jeepneys both to conserve energy and to prevent damage inside and outside the vehicle. The

16
speed of the said vehicle is also a concern because it does not rely on gasoline but on solar power

thus, making it a disadvantage during heavy downpour. According to one of the respondents,

when you are in a hurry, riding the E-jeepney is not advisable.

17
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The majority of the country’s population resort to Public Utility Vehicles for

transportation upon going to and from certain destinations. One of which are jeepneys, which are

more preferred by the commuters because it is cheaper and faster than any other PUVs.

Unfortunately, these vehicles have grown old and rusted after some time. And with this,

jeepneys have been one of the major causes of road-related accidents in the Philippines. To

ensure the safety and the health of both the commuters and the environment, the government

came up with a plan such as the jeepney modernization which is the phasing out of old jeepneys

aged 15 years and above. The chosen area in Tacloban is Brgy. Kawayan which is one of the

resettlement areas of the Super Typhoon Yolanda survivors. Although there was no phased out

vehicles, the addition of the E-jeepney to the area has been the highlight of the said research. The

gathered data included the major themes namely; easy access vehicles, comfortability, and eco-

friendly which are the effects on the people of Kawayan. Although the case study was a success,

as a recommendation, it is better if future researchers use the ethnographical research design as

such studies.

Conclusion

With all the data that was gathered in this study, it is safe to conclude that the addition of

the E-jeepneys was an effective movement that puts the life of the people in a much easier and

safety living. With only 5 months of pioneering the said vehicles, it has already contributed

18
much to the residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City and the community as well. It also brought no

harm to the environment because of its eco-friendly structure and design. Despite of its

drawbacks, the E-jeepney that was in Kawayan, Tacloban City, the effects of this to its

commuters and its contribution to the area has become a gateway for more improvements in the

next e-jeepneys that will arrive in the city to serve its purpose. Upon the implementation of the

jeepney modernization movement, Kawayan, Tacloban City was one of the barangay that was

able to avail the modernized jeepneys. Through this program, the government aims to provide

livelihood and at the same time save the environment. By adding E-jeepneys to certain areas in

Tacloban such as Kawayan, it would be of ease to Taclobanons who chose to commute. By

providing comfortability, accessibility and safety, the E-jeepneys will serve its purpose in the

city as an alternative for standard gas-powered jeepneys when the rest of these are phased out.

Recommendation

The researchers would highly recommend to use the ethnographic type of research design

for it will draw the study into a more comprehensive and critical one. It is best to experience how

to live in the community and use the E-jeepney in reaching a certain site.

19
 Appendix A

Informed Consent Form

Good day!

We are the Grade 11 Senior High Students from St. Therese Christian Development

Center Foundation Inc. and are currently under the course the course of Practical Research 1. For

this course, we are required to contribute to the existing knowledge of today’s current issues by

conducting our own research study. Our study is centered on the Addition of E-jeepneys to the

residents of Kawayan, Tacloban City and we believe that you best fit the criteria on the

participants whom we are looking for.

Being a participant entails contributing to the data and results of this research study, and

as a participant, you have the right to remain anonymous if you wish to do so. Furthermore, you

also have the right for all information you share with the researchers to remain confidential.

Participating in this research study would require you to finish the two steps of data collection.

The interview session may take at least 15 minutes or more to accomplish.

Should you desire to participate, please write your name and signature on the space

below. In the event that you may wish to stop being a participant, inform the researchers

immediately and the researchers will return to you all your data and will no longer use these for

the research study.

We are highly encouraging you to voice out your concerns and inquiries before agreeing

to be a participant. You may also contact us through this digit: 09159984463.

20
 If you agree to be a participant, please provide the following data below.

Appendix B

Interview Guide

Part I. Building Rapport

1. How do you feel as of the moment?

2. Are you comfortable if we ask several questions to you?

3. Do you have any questions before we start?

4. Are you ready to answer some questions about the research study?

Part II. Demographics

1. Before the existence of the E-jeepneys, what vehicle do you often use in reaching a

particular destination?

2. How much does the fare cost for these vehicles?

3. How will you describe your experiences with these vehicles?

4. What do you know about the E-jeepney?

5. When did the E-jeepney start in this area?

Part III.

6. How much does the fare cost for the E-jeepney?

7. How did the fare cost affect you?

8. Is the speed of the E-jeepney convenient for you?

9. In a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your comfort in riding the E-jeepneys? Why so?

21
10. Describe your riding experience in the E-jeepney.

11. How does the E-jeepney affect your everyday routine in life?

12. Do you find the E-jeepneys as a boon or a bane? Why?

13. How does its design and structure affect the commuters?

14. How’s the experience in using the standard-gas powered jeepney different from the E-

jeepney?

15. What are some of the things to be improved by the government to address the current

problems surrounding the transport system in Kawayan?

16. Thank you for all that valuable information, is there anything else you would like to add

before we end?

22
 Appendix C

Transcript

The following conversation refers to the interview that the researchers conducted in

Kawayan, Tacloban City with the Parents, Students and Barangay Officials. In each category,

there are 3 respondents that were not clearly identified because the research instrument that has

been used was Focused Group Discussion.

Parents

Researcher: So it amon po kuan, eherm. Ayaw anay kay nauran, kuan ine pag record, so

eherm it una po na kuan, ano’t question? Mga pakiana, ano po’t iyo yana baga

Respondent: Ano nga e-jeepney day? An para nganhi nga e-jeepney?

Researcher: Opo an para ha Kawayan

Respondent: An solar? Solar? O ngatanan? Ngatanan nga para nganhi nga sarakyan?

Researcher: An solar la. Ano po’t iyo inaabat yana? Haha

Respondent: Waray [laughs] Waray kay waray man hit, di man makulba kay mapakiana man

la.

Researcher: Okay la po ba na magpakiana kami ha iyo?

Respondent: Oo gad.

Researcher: Aw okay. May mga pakiana po kamo bago kita magtikang?

23
Respondent: Waray. Ikaw la anay. Pakianhi kami.

Researcher: So bagan ready naman ada kita. Titikangan ko na.

Respondent: Sge sge [laughs]

Researcher: San-o po? Adi na po an siyahan na question. San-o mag? San-o nagkaada ngadi,

nagkaada hin e-jeepney ha iyo, anon mga kaurugan na sarakyan an iyo

gingagamit para makakadto ha iyo mga gusto na destinasyon?

Respondent: Multicab, ito na mga multicab, jeep, tricyle.

Researcher: Tricycle, jeep. Ikaw po?

Respondent: Multicab, tricycle.

Researcher: So, ine na jeep, multicab, tricycle, pera man po na pasahe it iyo ginbabayad?

Respondent: Kinse (15)

Researcher: Kinse (15)? An multicab liwat? Natanan, pati tricycle?

Respondent: May naaron 20. May naaron 15, motor. Danay kun motor naaron 20, kun side car

25.

Researcher: Ito na iyo experience ha mga sarakyan, paano ito niyo ideescribe? Ito nga

traysikel an waray pa e-jeepney? An iyo gingagamit pala multicab.

24
Respondent: Kuan, makuri it panakayan, makuri, labi na kun may klase. Labi na kun may klase

kay nagdamo na gud man dinhi’t mga tawo tikang han mga pabahay. Makuri na

pagsakay, pag-aga agawan, di parehas an una nga pila-pila.

Researcher: Agawan la pero dire limitado an sarakyan?

Respondent: Limitado gihap.

Researcher: Aw okay. Kakan-o ate nagtikang an paggamit hin e-jeepney? Kakan-o nagtikang

ngadi an e-jeepney ha Kawayan?

Respondent: Mga January ada adto.

Researcher: Ito na e-jeepney pira mant iyo ginpapasahe liwat kun nalakat kamo?

Respondent: Parehas la liwat. Kinse. Depende ba kay it last, it last dinhi nga kuan hiton hiton

dinhi ha north kay tagpuro man. Kun tikang ha tagpuro 20, kun tikang dinhi ha

kawayan tikadto ha downtown 15 la.

Researcher: Back-to-back?

Respondent: Oo, back-to-back ito dda.

Researcher: Back-to-back?!

Respondent: Back and forth [laughs]

Respondent: Parehas la’t multicab kun pera an pasahe pero dre ka makasakay na may mga

bitbit ka, kinahanglan may bitbit ka la nga cellophane, pero kun may mga karton,

mga paninda, dre ka makasakay hit na e-jeep.

25
Researcher: Aw, kun may mga paninda. Kay-ano te?

Respondent: May limit kasi.

Researcher: Pera it ira limit? Kay dba it multicab waluhan.

Respondent: Kay nakasakay naman ako hin mayda usa ka sako, nakada la ha purtahan.

Respondent: Maximum la ada na puydi ikarga kay usa ka sako nga bugas aada la ha purtahan.

Respondent: Pero sugad kun nagdadaramo na, may mga karton, dre ada kaya it ira kaliding

ada.

Researcher: Diba ate ha multicab walo, aw walo, waluhan? So, ha kuan ha e-jeepney pira pira

man?

Respondent: Hala kay napuluan ada it e-jeepney.

Researcher: Napuluan? So 20?

Respondent: Oo, paluyo-luyo.

Researcher: Aw. Okay. It iya kalaksi, paano man, paano man hiya iba?

Respondent: Waray liwat sinabi ha multicab, kay it multicab marumalaksi liwat. Mahinay it

dalagan hit e-jeepney.

Respondent: Depende ada kay nausa nakasakay ako paspasay. Depende la ada an na drive, kun

pan gab-i na, pan last trip na siguro na biyahe. It nakakaupay la hito nga e-jeepney

kay dre na napila.

26
Researcher: Unlike han una nga napila talaga kamo?

Researcher: Ate, ha 1-10 paano niyo, ano nga number it, it bagan iyo mahahatag kapag

comfort? Ig rerate ba niyo, kun dre ba masikip, bagan sugad? Ha 1-10 pira?

Respondent: Adi la ako ha mga tres, tres la ako, makuri na kun adto kita it 10 kay ura-ura na.

Tres la ako.

Respondent: Ako tres.

Respodent: Ako five.

Researcher: Kun it e-jeepney tres para ha imo, ha imo ate five. Paano man liwat niyo irerate an

mga multicab?

Respondent: Hagi di kami ito nakakuan kay iton, it makuri man la’t panakayan it multicab kun

aga pa kay pila-pila talaga pero kun mga kuan na nga mga oras dire naman, dire

naman makuri pagkuan hin multicab. It e-jeepney kay naglilinibot-libot man la

hira, pati downtown nalibot la man hira, waray man hira kalugaringon nga

paradahan.

Researcher: Ate, paano man naapektuhan han e-jeepney an iyo inadlaw nga kinabuhi.

Respondent: waray man. Paris man la ghap han waray iton.

Researcher: Napapadali ba it iyo kuan mga lakat?

27
Respondent: Oo. Maupay na lugod kay dre na maiha’t im paghulat ngadat karsada kun tikadto

ka tacloban. Tapos it multicab dre man nabiyahe kun dre puno ito hiya (e-

jeepney) nalarga bisan dre puno.

Respondent: Napadugang pa ngani kunta kami hin e-jeep [laughs]

Bata: Ma kaligo ako

Respondent: Agi nauran nga letche ka

Researcher: Ate, kun it iya, kun Makita kita it iya design, diba kay ginbag-o mangud han

gobyerno an design han jeep, paano man it design liwat nakakaapekto ha iyo?

Bagan paano nakabulig an bag-o nga disenyo han e-jeep ha iyo?

Respondent: Kuan maurupay kay haluag, dre magkakatapo it tuhod. Baga haluag nim

puwestuhan ngan dire mapaso.

Respondent: Kuan multicab mapaso, yana it nga e-jeep dre man kay may electric fan. Tapos ira

inaalalayan it nahaw-as.

Researcher: Tapos pirme pirme na may conductor.

Respondent: Conductor, oo amo’t na alalay.

Researcher: So paano man, ano ine?. Anot pinag-kaiba it iyo, an iyo experience ha paggamit

han e-jeep ngada han iyo multicab? Or an mga sarakyan na gingagamit before?

28
Respondent: Akon, it pagkakaiba la’t nira kay it multicab pwede ka makasakay bisan damo tim

karga, ha e-jeep dre talaga, may limit talaga, dre ka man makasakay kun damo tim

tagudara.

Respondent: Amo gihapon, tapos ha e-jeep waray man hira kalugaringon nga paradahan, sge la

man it iya libot-libot ha multicab may paradahan hira nga pilahan, baga magab-

ihan ka man maaram ka kun ngain ka mahulat ito na oras.

Respondent: It e-jeep? Mayda it hira paradahan, ada ha mercury, pero dre la hira nag-iiha bis

dre hira puno, nalarga.

Researcher: Kun may mga, kun may mga problema ate, kun may mga problema man an ha, ha

aton komunidad, ano ito na mga problema na bagan nasolusyonan han e-jeepney?

Respondent: Kanan e-jeepney la nga pag solusyon?

Researcher: opo

respondent: kuan kay baga dre nagud makuri it panakayan. Additional man hiya nga kuan,

asya ba dre na gud makuri it panakayan.

Researcher: Tapos diba ate waray na ito hiya tambotso?

Respondent: Oo, so dre nagud hiya baga kadagdag hit aso.

Researcher: Kun tatagan po kamo hin tsansa na mag magpaabot hin iyo mensahe tungkol hini

na, kun ano pat iyo gusto e-improve hin nga e-jeepney, ano’t iyo igyayakan ha

gobyerno?

29
Respondent: Para ha akon waray na, kay baga okay naman ito. Dapat e-jeep pa more. [laughs]

e-jeep pa more. Dapat damo pat na mga sarakayan, damo pa itot mahihimuan hin

kaupayan. Dapat mas daru-damo it e-jeep kaysa multicab. Ngan unta waray na

limit. Unsa damot tagudara dapat pasakyon. Buratangan hin mga dara kay dako pa

man it space ha igbaw.

Researcher: So asya ito it iyo baga gusto

Respondent: Oo, dapat bagan bus style ba, kay mayda na ngan hira an bagan gintatapo, paro

bat bus nga bagat may natapo hit mga psahero, mayda na hira, tas mayda na hira

ticket.

Researcher: So, salamat ate, mayda pa ba kamo gusto igdugang nga impormasyon mahitungod

hit e-jeepney bago kita mag end.

Respondent: Impormasyon nga ano?

Researcher: Biskan ano na iyo maaram na impormasyon na dre pa kami maaram.

Respondent: Aw. Dire, kun ako ito, usa pa ito it driver, dapat gin-aalagayan ba’t mga pasahero,

kay mayda ito nakausa, nakasakay na ak hito nga driver na, waray pa ngan

pakakalingkod, nalarga na, waray pa ngan pakakahaw-as nalarga na, dapat may

mga pasahero na gin-aalalayan, kumbaga may training liwat hirat mga driver na

dre ba sugaron.

Respondent: Pero, it iba nga driver ginhuhulat man nira it ano nga makalingkod.

Respondent: Dre man tanan, kay mayda gud iba talaga.

30
Respondent: Nagdadali man kay danay sunod-sunod man’t hira, na dre ada maagawan hin

pasahero.

Respondent: Oo kay bagan bus baga malinop pagsakay. Hinay hinay kay syempre kun lagas

na, ada gud ha igbaw it ira karaptan, bangin mamudmod anay.

Respondent: Pero waray problema kay it hira inadlaw iton, dre paris it multicab na na

boundary pa. Amo la

Researcher: So, ate asya la adto an amun mga pakiana. Madamo nga salamat.

Barangay Officials

Researcher: Bago nagkaada hin "EJEEPNEY" ngadi, anot iyo mga sasakyan na gingagamit

pakadto ha iba iba nga lugar?

Respondent: Kun ngada ha tacloban la, multicab. Ngahin ito nga solar.

Researcher: Han waray pa po ito nga solar.

Respondent: Aw waray pa solar?

Researcher: han waray pa. Waray pa.

Respondent: ini nga mga tricycle, para babatngon gihap nga mga saraw. Amo mat tawag hito

ano?

Researcher: pera man ito it pasahe? Ini nga iyo multicab? Tricycle?

31
Respondent: Paprehas la ito kinsi. Pero it tikang ha babatngon, tagdanay baynte (20) it ira

sukot.

Researcher: Ah okay. So ito na iyo pag gamit na mga sarakyan, paano niyo idedescribe it iyo

experience?

Respondent: Haakon kay may sarili man ak nga tricycle. Tak experience la hito kay it gasolina,

kunsomo.

Researcher: Ikaw po sir? Paano it imo experience hin pagsakay hito nga tricycle? Multicab?

Respondent: Experience ko nga nakukuha hit pagsasakay hini nga mga dipasahe nga mga.

Respondent: Multicab?

Respondent: Oo ito nga multicab. Usahay nadidilatar kita hito kun baga oras nga aton target

kay maaadto na kita. Kun di pa na agi. Depende la.

Researcher: Aw okay. Ikaw po maam?

Researcher: Amo gihap ito. Kun halimbawa ito nga multicab. Mga agawan man ito hin

pasaheros. Syempre dre kaman nakakasakay hito dayon. Mahulat ka gud hit

magkakada nga maulpot nga waray pasaheros tapos nag babacking.

Researcher: Napila pa kamo?

Respondent: Tas mapila ka gud liwat kun damo it pasaheros. Pero kun maaga la iton. Kun nga

udto na waray na.

Researcher: aw waray na kun udto?

32
Respondent: Waray na pila. Pero kun aga hilaba it pila pero kun udto na, waray na pila.

Kunbaga dre na damo it masakay.

Researcher: Ah okay. So ano man po it iyo nahihibaruan kun nakakabati kamo hin termeno

nga ejeepney? Anot iyo aram hit ejeepney?

Respondent: Ejeepney?

Researcher: It nga solar.

Respondent: Aw it solar liwat? Haakon liwat, baga kompotable gad it solar. Kumbaga haakon.

Pero waray pak hito makasakay. Kay mayda ko man tricycle nga service. Pero

kita kita ko kumportable ito hiya dida kay it pasahero dre man siksikan. Kuan la

hiya. Seating capacity. An problema la ngada kay kun nag rurush ka ngani tim

pagkadto tacloban, maiiha ka. Baga malibot kapa kun ha kataousan ka masakay. It

jeep naman kay it agian ada ha likod. Asya bagat dre gud makuri it pagsasakay.

Dre gud makukurian it pasahero.

Researcher: Hmmm so paano man nakakaapekto it tv ha ejeepney. Kay diba harapit man it

kunduktor ngadto. So kun mapara ka ba.

Respondent: Dre nakakabati ano?

Researcher: Opo. Katungod kay maaringasa.

Respondent: Aw kay epekto gihapon iton. Pero mayda man solar nga gutiay la it sound hit mga

tv. It epekto gihapon ngada kay it mga pasaheros nga mahilig man mag tv, dre na

hira masabot nga mahawas na hira asya nga nalapos ito hira [laughs]

33
Researcher: [laughs]

Respondent: Oo nalapos. Lalo na kun it pasalida kay an "cardo" [laughs]

Researcher: [laughs]

Respondent: Asya nalampas kana tim ginhahawasan [laughs]

Researcher: Hmmm. So ano man ini nga mga problema po gihap nga nasolbar han nagkaada

e-jeepney po?

Respondent: Dako it epekto gihap hito ngada.

Respondent: It iba dre nagud makukurian pagsakay kay kun ha multicab. Baga maiihaan ka

gud kay mapila paman it ngada hasta mapuno it sarakayan. Ngan hit solar naman.

Baga nabiyahe gud hiya asya dre na gud nakukurian it mga pasaheros pagsakay.

Respondent: It iba ngan hiton kay namimili nala hira kun ngain hira masakay.

Respondent: Hmm kay kun ha solar baga dre na makuri pagsakay pakadto tacloban.

Researcher: Aw oo sabagay. So ano man po liwat it iyo masusuggest ha gobyerno? Kun baga

it ig iimprove pa hini nga ejeepney.

Respondent: Kun maiimprove man ito. It akon la kay it pasahe, baga bawas bawasan.

Researcher: May discount po? It student?

34
Respondent: Waray hira discount. Asya nga it akon hito kay ibanan it pasahe kay hera sge

man hira hit biyahe. Asya biskan ano nga oras, may pasahero gud hira na

makukuha.

Respondent: Oo nga kay dre naman it hira nagamit hin gasolina kay di charge naman la ito

hira. Oo nakakakuan gihap hira hin kuryente kay igchacharge gud ito, pero dapat

gihap minus minusan nira it pasahe.

Researcher: Hmmm ikaw naman po maam?

Respondent: Haakon liwat amo gihap ito. Baga bawas bawasan kay waray man gud it hira may

gingagasto kay dre naman hira ngapagasolina. Nga kun pwede liwat. Baga

palaksihon it dalagan [laughs]

Researcher: [laughs]

Respondent: Ngan it akon liwat hito ngada. Kay it nga TV. Biskan ngani waray nala hito. Kay

ha mga pasahero, it iba naglalampas. Kay kun waray ito. Baga maglilisto ka nala

kun ngain ka mahawas.

Respondent: Ngan it iba liwat na dre pagsakay hit solar kay mahinay man ini.

Researcher: Hmmmm sge asya la adto po. So bago kita mag end. May iyayakan po ba kamo

about hit solar.

Respondent: It akon la kay since may mga villages man kita. Daoat igsususlod gihap naton it

iba nga mga pasahero ngadto. Dre kay ha highway la ighahaw as. So namamahal

nanaman it pasahe hito ngada kay nadoble naman. Masakay pa hin tricycle para

35
 pagsulod. Asya ito nga dapat igsulod na it mga pasahero ha mga villages ngan

mga pabahay. Amo la ito it akon. Ngan ikaw duwa baga dre gud nira igmahal it

pasahe.

Respondent: Ngan it akon hito kay iwas pollution gihapon ito hiya

Researcher: Oo kay waray na tambutso.

Respondent: Oo.

Researcher: Sge po. Madamo nga salamat.

Students

Researcher: ano po it iyo baga inaabat yana…ginkukulba? Waray la talaga?

Researcher: komportable po kamo kun magpakiana kami ha iyo hin durudilain na pakiana?

[laughs]

Researcher: okay la po?

Respondent: Sige. Oo

Researcher: So mayda po kamo mga pakiana bago kita magtikang?

Respondent: waray

Researcher: waray? Ikaw po waray? Waray?

Researcher: so ready na ada

36
Researcher: it syahan ko na kuan parehas la ghap han ira question, bag-o nagtikang an e-

jeepney ano an mga kaurugan na sarakyan an iyo gingagamit?

Respondent: multicab tas tricycle

Researcher: ito na multicab pakada la ha iyo skwelahan?

Respondent: dire…ngan tagpuro ghap tas ha sta. elena

Researcher: dire ba kun malakat kamo, multicab it iyo gingagamit pakada ha iyo skwelahan

or ginbabaktas la?

Respondent: dire… nagbabaktas la kami kay harani man la

Researcher: so it iyo paglakat bagan tikadto na downtown mga sugad sugad hiton

Respondent: hm hm

Researcher: multicab it iyo gingagamit… ano pa?

Respondent: tricycle

Researcher: ikaw po?

Respondent: amo ghap

Researcher: multicab, tricycle? Aw sige

Researcher: [clears throat] inen na iyo mga gingagamit na mga sarakyan pira man it bayad?

Pira man it pasahe

37
Respondent: depende, danay P20

Researcher: P15 kun?

Respondent: multicab

Researcher: P20 kun?

Respondent: tricycle

Researcher: tricycle, kun pakyawan? Kun ma pakyaw ka? singkwenta?

Respondent: singkwenta

Researcher: pakadto ito ha downtown?

Respondent: kay maki salapi man

Researcher: Oh

Respondent: kay makisalapi man it tawo [giggles]

Researcher: [clears throat] so paano it niyo ito ig dedescribe it na iyo… ano it experience?

experience hit na pagsakay ha tricycle, multicab

Respondent: danay makuri

Researcher: makuri kay?

38
Respondent: nag aaragaw, tas nagpapa unahay, duso duso-ay, nagtatamakay syempre kay

nagpapaunahay man ito labi na kun lunes, pero yana okay naman kay napila

naman

Researcher: kun nabati kamo hit word na e jeepney ano it napasok ha iyo?

Respondent: maupay adi kay may electric fan [laughs] tas may tv

Researcher: ok, so kakanoo nagstart an e-jeepney dinhe?

Respondent: yana la iton nga jan. or feb

Researcher: ah okay so pira it iyo pasahe?

Respondent: 15

Researcher: waray talaga discount ha mga estudyante?

Respondent: kun sugad mayakan na estudyante, P13 la

Researcher: dus la it discount?

Respondent: pero danay P10, pero danay liwat nahatag nala kami hin P15 kay para waray

yawyaw.

Researcher: so it pasahe paano man naka apekto ha iyo?

Respondent: waray, parehas la. Mahinay liwat it solar, tapos chaka kay dire na libot ha

downtown ada la ha kapangian.

Researcher: so it iya kapaspas okay la?

39
Respondent: mahinay kay ira naman ito rule

Researcher: what if nagdadagmit ka tim lakat?

Respondent: dire na gad la, syempre mahaw’as or mabalhin

Researcher: in a scale of 1-10 paano mo igrarate kun paano ka komportable ha e-jeepney.

Respondent: 3

Researcher: kaya no 3?

Respondent: kay amo man la ghap sakto man la

Respondent: 7

Researcher: kayano 7?

Respondent: waray, amo ghap

Respondent: 4 kay mas komportable hiya hit multicab tas dire nagtatapo it tuhod tas mahangin.

Researcher: describe tim experience kun nasakay ka na hin e-jeepney

Respondent: malipayon kami kun nakita hin solar hahaha kay dire naghuhuruot tas hayahay

dire parehas hit multicab pero mahinay la liwat

Researcher: ikaw ate?

Respondent: asya ghap

Researcher: so paano naka apekto an e-jeepney ha iyo pan adlaw-adlaw na kinabuhi?

40
Respondent: kuan okay na ghap kay damo na it sarakyan dire na makuri, dire sugad han dati

kay it multicab napila pa man amo maiha.

Researcher: ano an mga problema ha komunidad an na solbar han e-jeepney?

Respondent: waray man, pero mas madali na makasakay

Researcher: paano man ine na design han e-jeepney naka apekto han commuter?

Respondent: waray, sakto maupay ghap kay komportable ka na sumakay tas puyde mag-

charge

Respondent: dire mapaso, pero depende kun napa charge

Researcher: what if nauran? Nakita kamo hin e jeepney na nalarga?

Respondent: mayda, maiha la ngahaw

Researcher: na boundary ito hira?

Respondent: dire kay kanan govt. man ito

Researcher: aw sge. Amo lat amon mga pakiana. Madamo nga salamat.

Appendix D

Documentation

41
Figure 1. This photo was taken during the travel going to Kawayan. The photo shows that there
is no need for the passengers to bend over in riding the E-jeepney because it is tall enough for
people to stand upon entering it.

Figure 2. This photo shows the logo of Star 8 Solar which provides the vehicle and the individual
small electric fans that are of use to the passengers.

42
Figure 3. This photo shows the television present in E-jeepneys that serves as entertainment to

the passengers.

Figure 4. A photo of the researchers with the Barangay Captain.

[from right to left] Andrea Campo, Glaissa Villalino, Barangay Captain, Kristian De Los Reyes,
Thea Acero

43